Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacologi...Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
Addressing the critical challenges of viscosity loss and barite sag in synthetic-based drilling fluids(SBDFs)under high-temperature,high-pressure(HTHP)conditions,this study innovatively developed a hyperbranched amide...Addressing the critical challenges of viscosity loss and barite sag in synthetic-based drilling fluids(SBDFs)under high-temperature,high-pressure(HTHP)conditions,this study innovatively developed a hyperbranched amide polymer(SS-1)through a unique stepwise polycondensation strategy.By integrating dynamic ionic crosslinking for temperature-responsive rheology and rigid aromatic moieties ensuring thermal stability beyond 260℃,SS-1 achieves a molecular-level breakthrough.Performance evaluations demonstrate that adding merely 2.0 wt% SS-1 significantly enhances key properties of 210℃-aged SBDFs:plastic viscosity rises to 45 mPa⋅s,electrical stability(emulsion voltage)reaches 1426 V,and the sag factor declines to 0.509,outperforming conventional sulfonated polyacrylamide(S-PAM,0.531)by 4.3%.Mechanistic investigations reveal a trifunctional synergistic anti-sag mechanism involving electrostatic adsorption onto barite surfaces,hyperbranched steric hindrance,and colloid-stabilizing network formation.SS-1 exhibits exceptional HTHP stabilization efficacy,substantially surpassing S-PAM,thereby providing an innovative molecular design strategy and scalable solution for next-generation high-performance drilling fluid stabilizers.展开更多
Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a cent...Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.展开更多
The excellent performance of laser-induced removal has been widely recognized,yet the limitation of its applications has been gradually approached for complex multilayer coatings in practical situations.Therefore,it i...The excellent performance of laser-induced removal has been widely recognized,yet the limitation of its applications has been gradually approached for complex multilayer coatings in practical situations.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the laser-induced removal mechanisms of different material layers,which may contribute to guiding precise and controllable layer-by-layer removal and subsequent repair.Herein,the laser-induced layer-by-layer removal of FeCo-based multilayer wave-absorbing coatings was designed and verified.The macro/micro morphologies and elemental analysis indicated that the removal of the topcoat and wave-absorbing layer was dominated by thermal ablation.Interestingly,experiments and simulations demonstrated that a shift in the removal mechanism,i.e.,from the ablation mechanism to the stripping mechanism,occurred when the laser irradiated the primer.It is mainly attributed to the competing contributions of temperature rise and thermal stress to the removal effect.Subsequent macrodynamic behavior captured by a high-speed camera also validated the combination of both re-moval mechanisms.Additionally,the evolution of the crystalline phase and element valence state was revealed.Further laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy revealed the microscopic material motions dur-ing the layer-by-layer removal,including molecular bond breaking induced by multiphoton absorption,atomic ionization,excitation and compounding of electrons and ions,crystal lattice deformation caused by electron-phonon coupling,etc.Based on the above analysis,the thermo-mechanical action mechanisms and microscopic motion models of laser-induced layer-by-layer removal for FeCo-based multilayer wave-absorbing coatings were established,which is expected to be an ideal method for breaking through the limitation of laser-induced removal’s applications.展开更多
Ilmenite is an essential mineral for the extraction of titanium.Conventional physical separation methods have difficulty recovering fine ilmenite,and dressing plants have begun applying flotation to recover ilmenite.T...Ilmenite is an essential mineral for the extraction of titanium.Conventional physical separation methods have difficulty recovering fine ilmenite,and dressing plants have begun applying flotation to recover ilmenite.The interaction of reagent groups with Ti and Fe sites on the ilmenite surface dramatically influences the ilmenite flotation.However,the investigation on Fe sites has received more attention because the activity of Ti is lower than that of Fe.For the activators on ilmenite flotation,most are metal ions but typically lead ions.The metal ions of activators promote ilmenite flotation by increasing the active sites on the ilmenite surface.Combined reagents have a better selective separation of ilmenite than single reagents due to their synergistic effect.Combining the lead ion(Pb^(2+))and the benzyl hydroxamic acid(BHA)into a Pb-BHA complex has a marked effect on ilmenite flotation,which puts forward a new idea of developing combined reagents for ilmenite flotation.This review considers reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation.On the basis of the analysis of previous research,a brief future outlook of reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation is also proposed in this study.展开更多
Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a kind of mental disorder caused by severe traumatic events.It has a high incidence,a serious of impacts on the physical and mental health of patients.Especially in the current s...Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a kind of mental disorder caused by severe traumatic events.It has a high incidence,a serious of impacts on the physical and mental health of patients.Especially in the current situation of COVID-19,the researches on PTSD are particularly important,but the choice of drugs available for PTSD is limited and it is often accompanied by adverse reactions.In the field of acupuncture,there are many clinical research evidences suggested that PTSD is a predominant disease of acupuncture.However,its action mechanisms have not been fully elucidated,so the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in treating PTSD were discussed.展开更多
Objective:The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine"Bi xie and Tu fuling"on the treatment of gouty arthritis was explored through network pharmacological methods.Methods:First,the TCMSP Chinese medicine syste...Objective:The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine"Bi xie and Tu fuling"on the treatment of gouty arthritis was explored through network pharmacological methods.Methods:First,the TCMSP Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform were used to define the bioavailability(OB)30%and drug-likeness(DL)0.18.Database to mine genetic targets related to gouty arthritis disease.Finally,the two genes are intersected to construct a Chinese medicine regulatory network of Chinese medicine-components-target genes-disease.The genes in the network are used to construct a protein interaction network to find core genes for analysis of GO and KEGG.Results:There were a total of 84 active ingredients in Chinese medicine Poria and Poria cocos,and 17 effective ingredients and 180 genetic targets were obtained after screening.600 disease targets for gouty arthritis were identified,and 58 were common target genes for both.PPI network analysis revealed that IL1β,VEGFA,MAPK1,IL10,and PTGS2 may be drugs for treating gouty arthritis.Key targets.GO enrichment analysis identified 1,399 entries(P<0.05),of which biological processes mainly include biological stimulation,biological regulation,cell metabolism,etc;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 152 signal pathways,of which signal pathways involved inflammation,metabolism,In terms of aging,mainly including the IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17signal pathway,etc.Conclusion:"Bi xie and Tu fuling"drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunological effects on gouty arthritis through multiple targets and multiple pathways.The mechanism of lowering uric acid and protecting liver and kidney is not clear.It needs molecular biology research to improve it.The mechanism of the action of the"Bi xie and Tu fuling"medicine pair provides new ideas for the clinical prescriptions.展开更多
Objective:To Find the core targets and drug action mechanism of Si Miao decoction for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.Methods:Through the TCMSP database,the chemical composition of all the drugs in Si Miao deco...Objective:To Find the core targets and drug action mechanism of Si Miao decoction for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.Methods:Through the TCMSP database,the chemical composition of all the drugs in Si Miao decoction was obtained.The Perl script was compiled and the UniProt database was searched to determine the corresponding target of the chemical composition.Then,the disease databases such as OMIM,DisGeNET,and GeneCards were searched in order to determine acute gouty arthritis Related targets.Finally,screen common targets for drugs and diseases,use the STRING database and Cytoscape software to build a network control map of drugs-chemical components-targets-disease.Use R language software to screen common targets and find the four best The core targets of San for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.The GO and KEGG analysis of the core targets were performed to clarify the core targets and mechanism of Si Miao decoction for the treatment of gout.Results:There are 64 effective chemical components in Si Miao decoction,197 genetic targets,600 disease targets,and 58 common targets.It is predicted that IL6,VEGFA,IL1B,JUN,PTGS2,and CCL2 may be treated by Si Miao decoction for gout The core target of arthritis.GO enrichment analysis identified 85 entries,of which biological processes mainly included the regulation of cytokine activity,protease activation,nucleic acid expression,etc.;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 135 signaling pathways,of which signaling pathways involved the IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,Th17 cell differentiation and other pathways.Conclusion:Si Miao decoction acts on acute gouty arthritis by regulating the occurrence of inflammation,and has significant anti-inflammatory and immune effects.The formula is rigorous and scientific,and it is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of U...Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.展开更多
Cancer is a major health concern and leading burden on economy worldwide. An increasing effort is devoted to isolation and development of plant-derived dietary components as effective chemo-preventive products. Phytoc...Cancer is a major health concern and leading burden on economy worldwide. An increasing effort is devoted to isolation and development of plant-derived dietary components as effective chemo-preventive products. Phytochemical compounds from natural resources such as fruits and vegetables are responsible for decreasing the risk of certain cancers among the consuming populations. Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical found in many kinds of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to exert significant biological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and most particularly anti-neoplastic properties. This review is intended to summarize the most recent advances in the anti-proliferative and chemo-preventive effects of apigenin in different cancer models. Analysis of the data from the studied cancer models has revealed that apigenin exerts its anti-proliferative effects through multiple and complex pathways. This guided us to discover some controversial results about the exact role of certain molecular pathways such as autophagy in the anticancer effects of apigenin. Further, there were cumulative positive evidences supporting the involvement of certain pathways such as apoptosis, ROS and DNA damage and repair. Apigenin possesses a high potential to be used as a chemosensitizing agent through the up-regulation of DR5 pathway. According to these preclinical findings we recommend that further robust unbiased studies should consider the possible interactions between different molecular pathways.展开更多
The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition...The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition and output of fecal bile acid were observed. All four kinds of dietary fiber were given at a level of 5% of diet to young male rats of Wistar strain fed on a lipid-rich diet contalning 5 % lard, 1% cholesteral and 0. 25 % cholate. All the dietary fibers tested have similar effects on serum lipid composition. In all groups, these substances prevent ed increases in total cholesterol in fasting serum, but the level of triglyceride was tmchangd.The concentrations of totaI cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were lower in the RKM group than in the control group and the other three groups. Hepatic histopathological exami nation also showed the most significant lipotropic effect in the RKM group. The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA+GDCA) was significantly increased in the four experimental groups than in the normal group and the control group. The increase of CDCA was more significant than GDCA, suggesting that the increase of fecal bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms by which RKM and the other three dietary fibers exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect展开更多
The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex ...The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex compositions and are characterized by their multiple constituents and diverse array of biological targets.Therefore,the mechanisms of action of most compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas cannot be adequately explained using a single pathway.Omics technologies describe high-throughput-based analytical and detection techniques,which include transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics and provide multilayer parameter information that can be integrated to characterize the overall relationships involved in the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines formulas.Through their combination with network biology and drug effect networks,omics technologies also enable investigations into the mechanisms of disease treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.The integration of multiple omics technologies is in line with the concept of holism in traditional Chinese medicine and provides an approach for combining modern science and technology with traditional Chinese medicine theories.In recent years,omics technologies have been widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines.The latest studies employing multi-omics integration for investigating the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines interventions in metabolic diseases have devoted greater attention to in-depth explorations of disease pathogenesis.This paper provides a review of the following multi-omics technologies,which are used in research on the treatment of common metabolic diseases(e.g.,type-2 diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease):network pharmacology combined with metabolomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with transcriptomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with metabolomics,and 16S rRNA sequencing combined with network pharmacology and metabolomics.展开更多
Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone reconstruction processes which leads to areduction in bone mineral density and changes in bone microstructure,resulting in increased fracture risk.Osteoclasts are the only bon...Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone reconstruction processes which leads to areduction in bone mineral density and changes in bone microstructure,resulting in increased fracture risk.Osteoclasts are the only bone resorption cells in the body of human being,and are closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.In recent years,there have been more in-depth studies on osteoclasts and bone resorption.The pathogenesis of osteoporosis has always been an important research topic for many medical specialists.Cytokines,as important humoral factors that regulate bone metabolism,play an important role in osteoporosis,especially in the formation,differentiation,and apoptosis of osteoclasts.On the basis of referring to the related studies at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the action mechanism of cytokines such as interleukin-1,interleukin-6,nuclear factor KB ligand receptor activator(RANKL)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)family members on osteoclasts,and clarifies the relationship between cytokines and osteoporosis,which provides a new angle for the prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis.展开更多
This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of...This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the action mechanism of Wuling Decoction(the combination of Wumei Pill and Wuling Powder)in treating Sjögren's syndrome(SS)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques...[Objectives]To explore the action mechanism of Wuling Decoction(the combination of Wumei Pill and Wuling Powder)in treating Sjögren's syndrome(SS)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.[Methods]The active components and their targets of Wuling Decoction were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).The targets related to SS were obtained from the GeneCards database.The intersection targets between Wuling Decoction and SS were identified using the Venny platform.The"Chinese medicinal-active component-common target"network was constructed using Cytoscape.The potential targets were improted into STRING to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the topological parameters were evaluated using Cytoscape to determine the key targets.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking of core components and key targets was conducted using the CB-Dock2 online tool.[Results]Wuling Decoction contained 121 active components of Chinese medicinals and 190 related targets.There were 1447 SS-related targets obtained from GeneCards databases.50 potential targets of Wuling decoction for SS were obtained.Network topology analysis revealed that quercetin,stigmasterol,andβ-sitosterol were core components.PPI network analysis indicated that TNF,IL-6,and IL-1βwere key targets.These targets were primarily involved in biological processes such as positive regulation of gene expression,inflammatory response,negative regulation of apoptosis,lipid and atherosclerosis pathways,AGE-RAGE signaling,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway,IL-17 signaling,and TNF signaling.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between core components and targets,with stigmasterol exhibiting the highest binding activity.[Conclusions]Network pharmacology and clinical practice have demonstrated that Wuling Decoction exhibits remarkable efficacy and safety in the SS treatment.Through the synergistic effects of multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways,it regulates immune,inflammatory,and endocrine signaling pathways,thereby improving the state of impaired triple-warmer qi transformation and fluid distribution.This provides both clinical and mechanistic evidence for treating the SS by TCM.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.展开更多
Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms ha...Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.展开更多
Weight loss,whether resulting from disease-related conditions or intentional interventions,has been increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for compromised skeletal integrity.While moderate weight reducti...Weight loss,whether resulting from disease-related conditions or intentional interventions,has been increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for compromised skeletal integrity.While moderate weight reduction may yield metabolic benefits,rapid or sustained weight loss is frequently associated with decreased bone mineral density,deterioration of bone microarchitecture,and heightened fracture risk.The mechanisms underlying weight loss–induced bone loss are complex and multifactorial.Emerging evidence highlights a range of contributing factors,including reduced mechanical loading,increased bone marrow adiposity,hormonal and endocrine alterations,nutritional deficiencies,and disruptions in energy metabolism.These mechanisms are intricately interconnected,ultimately impairing bone remodeling and homeostatic balance.In this review,we provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on the mechanistic pathways,clinical consequences,and therapeutic strategies related to weight loss–induced bone loss.We further differentiate the skeletal effects of disease-associated versus interventioninduced weight loss,with a focus on their distinct molecular underpinnings.Our goal is to offer novel insights into the optimization of bone health management in the context of weight loss,guided by a translational medicine perspective.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes,which seriously aff ects the patient’s vision and quality of life.With the increase in the number of patients with diabetes,the pre...Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes,which seriously aff ects the patient’s vision and quality of life.With the increase in the number of patients with diabetes,the prevention and treatment of DR has become an urgent clinical problem to be solved.In recent years,Danshen dripping pills,as a traditional Chinese medicine preparation,have received widespread attention for its unique pharmacological eff ects.Studies have shown that Danshen Dropping Pills has a signifi cant regulatory eff ect on retinal vascular damage,oxidative stress,infl ammatory response and cell apoptosis.Current research results show that Danshen Dropping Pills can reduce retinal damage and improve the vision of diabetic patients through multiple mechanisms.However,in-depth research on its specifi c mechanism of action is still needed to better understand its potential application in the prevention and treatment of DR.This article aims to explore the mechanism of action of Danshen Dropping Pills in diabetic retinopathy by reviewing relevant literature and provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.展开更多
This article summarizes recent domestic literature on the use of Huangqin(Scutellaria baicalensis)in the treatment of lung cancer.It reviews the mechanism of action of Huangqin in treating lung cancer from six aspects...This article summarizes recent domestic literature on the use of Huangqin(Scutellaria baicalensis)in the treatment of lung cancer.It reviews the mechanism of action of Huangqin in treating lung cancer from six aspects:inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells,inducing apoptosis of lung cancer cells,inducing autophagy of lung cancer cells,inhibiting the migration of lung cancer cells,promoting the differentiation of lung cancer cells,and improving immune function.The aim is to provide a reference for the material basis and further research on the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor efficacy of Huangqin.展开更多
基金by grants from the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0005/2024/AKP,0075/2022/A,and 028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field(2220004000117)the University of Macao(MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMSUMDF,MYRG-GRG2024-00150-ICMS-UMDF and CPG2025-00030-ICMS).
文摘Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(52203066,51973157,51673148 and 51678411)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin,China(19PTSYJC00010)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,China(2019M651047)the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students,China(2020YJSB062)the Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation And Entrepreneurship Training Program,China(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,China(202110058017)。
文摘Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075246 and U2341264)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20211568 and BZ2023045)+2 种基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NE2022005)Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Aircraft Ice Protection(No.XFX20220301).
文摘The excellent performance of laser-induced removal has been widely recognized,yet the limitation of its applications has been gradually approached for complex multilayer coatings in practical situations.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the laser-induced removal mechanisms of different material layers,which may contribute to guiding precise and controllable layer-by-layer removal and subsequent repair.Herein,the laser-induced layer-by-layer removal of FeCo-based multilayer wave-absorbing coatings was designed and verified.The macro/micro morphologies and elemental analysis indicated that the removal of the topcoat and wave-absorbing layer was dominated by thermal ablation.Interestingly,experiments and simulations demonstrated that a shift in the removal mechanism,i.e.,from the ablation mechanism to the stripping mechanism,occurred when the laser irradiated the primer.It is mainly attributed to the competing contributions of temperature rise and thermal stress to the removal effect.Subsequent macrodynamic behavior captured by a high-speed camera also validated the combination of both re-moval mechanisms.Additionally,the evolution of the crystalline phase and element valence state was revealed.Further laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy revealed the microscopic material motions dur-ing the layer-by-layer removal,including molecular bond breaking induced by multiphoton absorption,atomic ionization,excitation and compounding of electrons and ions,crystal lattice deformation caused by electron-phonon coupling,etc.Based on the above analysis,the thermo-mechanical action mechanisms and microscopic motion models of laser-induced layer-by-layer removal for FeCo-based multilayer wave-absorbing coatings were established,which is expected to be an ideal method for breaking through the limitation of laser-induced removal’s applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51764022)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(No.161046)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M673551XB)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesChina(No.2020XJHH04)the Yueqi Outstanding Scholar Award of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)。
文摘Ilmenite is an essential mineral for the extraction of titanium.Conventional physical separation methods have difficulty recovering fine ilmenite,and dressing plants have begun applying flotation to recover ilmenite.The interaction of reagent groups with Ti and Fe sites on the ilmenite surface dramatically influences the ilmenite flotation.However,the investigation on Fe sites has received more attention because the activity of Ti is lower than that of Fe.For the activators on ilmenite flotation,most are metal ions but typically lead ions.The metal ions of activators promote ilmenite flotation by increasing the active sites on the ilmenite surface.Combined reagents have a better selective separation of ilmenite than single reagents due to their synergistic effect.Combining the lead ion(Pb^(2+))and the benzyl hydroxamic acid(BHA)into a Pb-BHA complex has a marked effect on ilmenite flotation,which puts forward a new idea of developing combined reagents for ilmenite flotation.This review considers reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation.On the basis of the analysis of previous research,a brief future outlook of reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation is also proposed in this study.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(819QN223).
文摘Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a kind of mental disorder caused by severe traumatic events.It has a high incidence,a serious of impacts on the physical and mental health of patients.Especially in the current situation of COVID-19,the researches on PTSD are particularly important,but the choice of drugs available for PTSD is limited and it is often accompanied by adverse reactions.In the field of acupuncture,there are many clinical research evidences suggested that PTSD is a predominant disease of acupuncture.However,its action mechanisms have not been fully elucidated,so the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in treating PTSD were discussed.
基金National administration of TCM base special fund(No.JDZX2015277)Beijing municipal science and technology commission science and technology star project(No.Z191100001119025)
文摘Objective:The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine"Bi xie and Tu fuling"on the treatment of gouty arthritis was explored through network pharmacological methods.Methods:First,the TCMSP Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform were used to define the bioavailability(OB)30%and drug-likeness(DL)0.18.Database to mine genetic targets related to gouty arthritis disease.Finally,the two genes are intersected to construct a Chinese medicine regulatory network of Chinese medicine-components-target genes-disease.The genes in the network are used to construct a protein interaction network to find core genes for analysis of GO and KEGG.Results:There were a total of 84 active ingredients in Chinese medicine Poria and Poria cocos,and 17 effective ingredients and 180 genetic targets were obtained after screening.600 disease targets for gouty arthritis were identified,and 58 were common target genes for both.PPI network analysis revealed that IL1β,VEGFA,MAPK1,IL10,and PTGS2 may be drugs for treating gouty arthritis.Key targets.GO enrichment analysis identified 1,399 entries(P<0.05),of which biological processes mainly include biological stimulation,biological regulation,cell metabolism,etc;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 152 signal pathways,of which signal pathways involved inflammation,metabolism,In terms of aging,mainly including the IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17signal pathway,etc.Conclusion:"Bi xie and Tu fuling"drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunological effects on gouty arthritis through multiple targets and multiple pathways.The mechanism of lowering uric acid and protecting liver and kidney is not clear.It needs molecular biology research to improve it.The mechanism of the action of the"Bi xie and Tu fuling"medicine pair provides new ideas for the clinical prescriptions.
基金National Natural Resources Foundation program(No.81373802)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7172244)Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.Z191100006619024)
文摘Objective:To Find the core targets and drug action mechanism of Si Miao decoction for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.Methods:Through the TCMSP database,the chemical composition of all the drugs in Si Miao decoction was obtained.The Perl script was compiled and the UniProt database was searched to determine the corresponding target of the chemical composition.Then,the disease databases such as OMIM,DisGeNET,and GeneCards were searched in order to determine acute gouty arthritis Related targets.Finally,screen common targets for drugs and diseases,use the STRING database and Cytoscape software to build a network control map of drugs-chemical components-targets-disease.Use R language software to screen common targets and find the four best The core targets of San for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.The GO and KEGG analysis of the core targets were performed to clarify the core targets and mechanism of Si Miao decoction for the treatment of gout.Results:There are 64 effective chemical components in Si Miao decoction,197 genetic targets,600 disease targets,and 58 common targets.It is predicted that IL6,VEGFA,IL1B,JUN,PTGS2,and CCL2 may be treated by Si Miao decoction for gout The core target of arthritis.GO enrichment analysis identified 85 entries,of which biological processes mainly included the regulation of cytokine activity,protease activation,nucleic acid expression,etc.;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 135 signaling pathways,of which signaling pathways involved the IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,Th17 cell differentiation and other pathways.Conclusion:Si Miao decoction acts on acute gouty arthritis by regulating the occurrence of inflammation,and has significant anti-inflammatory and immune effects.The formula is rigorous and scientific,and it is worthy of clinical application.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374200Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Development Demonstration Pilot Projects in Pudong New Area-High-Level Research-Oriented Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Construction,No.YC-2023-0901.
文摘Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.
基金supported by the key medical project of Jiangsu province(No.BL2014078)the key discipline of Jiangsu province(2011-2015)
文摘Cancer is a major health concern and leading burden on economy worldwide. An increasing effort is devoted to isolation and development of plant-derived dietary components as effective chemo-preventive products. Phytochemical compounds from natural resources such as fruits and vegetables are responsible for decreasing the risk of certain cancers among the consuming populations. Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical found in many kinds of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to exert significant biological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and most particularly anti-neoplastic properties. This review is intended to summarize the most recent advances in the anti-proliferative and chemo-preventive effects of apigenin in different cancer models. Analysis of the data from the studied cancer models has revealed that apigenin exerts its anti-proliferative effects through multiple and complex pathways. This guided us to discover some controversial results about the exact role of certain molecular pathways such as autophagy in the anticancer effects of apigenin. Further, there were cumulative positive evidences supporting the involvement of certain pathways such as apoptosis, ROS and DNA damage and repair. Apigenin possesses a high potential to be used as a chemosensitizing agent through the up-regulation of DR5 pathway. According to these preclinical findings we recommend that further robust unbiased studies should consider the possible interactions between different molecular pathways.
文摘The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition and output of fecal bile acid were observed. All four kinds of dietary fiber were given at a level of 5% of diet to young male rats of Wistar strain fed on a lipid-rich diet contalning 5 % lard, 1% cholesteral and 0. 25 % cholate. All the dietary fibers tested have similar effects on serum lipid composition. In all groups, these substances prevent ed increases in total cholesterol in fasting serum, but the level of triglyceride was tmchangd.The concentrations of totaI cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were lower in the RKM group than in the control group and the other three groups. Hepatic histopathological exami nation also showed the most significant lipotropic effect in the RKM group. The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA+GDCA) was significantly increased in the four experimental groups than in the normal group and the control group. The increase of CDCA was more significant than GDCA, suggesting that the increase of fecal bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms by which RKM and the other three dietary fibers exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82104802)the Scientific Research Program of the Hebei Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021311)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Program of the Jiangsu Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.YB2020065)the Yunnan Province major Science and Technology Special Project(Biological Medicine)(Grant No.2019ZF005).
文摘The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex compositions and are characterized by their multiple constituents and diverse array of biological targets.Therefore,the mechanisms of action of most compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas cannot be adequately explained using a single pathway.Omics technologies describe high-throughput-based analytical and detection techniques,which include transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics and provide multilayer parameter information that can be integrated to characterize the overall relationships involved in the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines formulas.Through their combination with network biology and drug effect networks,omics technologies also enable investigations into the mechanisms of disease treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.The integration of multiple omics technologies is in line with the concept of holism in traditional Chinese medicine and provides an approach for combining modern science and technology with traditional Chinese medicine theories.In recent years,omics technologies have been widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines.The latest studies employing multi-omics integration for investigating the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines interventions in metabolic diseases have devoted greater attention to in-depth explorations of disease pathogenesis.This paper provides a review of the following multi-omics technologies,which are used in research on the treatment of common metabolic diseases(e.g.,type-2 diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease):network pharmacology combined with metabolomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with transcriptomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with metabolomics,and 16S rRNA sequencing combined with network pharmacology and metabolomics.
文摘Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone reconstruction processes which leads to areduction in bone mineral density and changes in bone microstructure,resulting in increased fracture risk.Osteoclasts are the only bone resorption cells in the body of human being,and are closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.In recent years,there have been more in-depth studies on osteoclasts and bone resorption.The pathogenesis of osteoporosis has always been an important research topic for many medical specialists.Cytokines,as important humoral factors that regulate bone metabolism,play an important role in osteoporosis,especially in the formation,differentiation,and apoptosis of osteoclasts.On the basis of referring to the related studies at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the action mechanism of cytokines such as interleukin-1,interleukin-6,nuclear factor KB ligand receptor activator(RANKL)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)family members on osteoclasts,and clarifies the relationship between cytokines and osteoporosis,which provides a new angle for the prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0521002The Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province,No.LNZYYCXTD-CCCX-003+1 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074296Construction Project of Inheritance Studios of Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in China,No.[2022]No.75.
文摘This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.
基金Supported by Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-"Distributing Fluids and Retaining Moisture Method in Treating Sj gren s Syndrome Based on Real-World Study"(2022ZYYC010)Discipline Construction Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine-Internal Medicine of Chinese Medicine(2025XK02).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the action mechanism of Wuling Decoction(the combination of Wumei Pill and Wuling Powder)in treating Sjögren's syndrome(SS)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.[Methods]The active components and their targets of Wuling Decoction were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).The targets related to SS were obtained from the GeneCards database.The intersection targets between Wuling Decoction and SS were identified using the Venny platform.The"Chinese medicinal-active component-common target"network was constructed using Cytoscape.The potential targets were improted into STRING to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the topological parameters were evaluated using Cytoscape to determine the key targets.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking of core components and key targets was conducted using the CB-Dock2 online tool.[Results]Wuling Decoction contained 121 active components of Chinese medicinals and 190 related targets.There were 1447 SS-related targets obtained from GeneCards databases.50 potential targets of Wuling decoction for SS were obtained.Network topology analysis revealed that quercetin,stigmasterol,andβ-sitosterol were core components.PPI network analysis indicated that TNF,IL-6,and IL-1βwere key targets.These targets were primarily involved in biological processes such as positive regulation of gene expression,inflammatory response,negative regulation of apoptosis,lipid and atherosclerosis pathways,AGE-RAGE signaling,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway,IL-17 signaling,and TNF signaling.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between core components and targets,with stigmasterol exhibiting the highest binding activity.[Conclusions]Network pharmacology and clinical practice have demonstrated that Wuling Decoction exhibits remarkable efficacy and safety in the SS treatment.Through the synergistic effects of multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways,it regulates immune,inflammatory,and endocrine signaling pathways,thereby improving the state of impaired triple-warmer qi transformation and fluid distribution.This provides both clinical and mechanistic evidence for treating the SS by TCM.
基金supported by the 2022 Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(Young Talent Sub-Project 2022A-158-G)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23C200005)the Research Startup Fund of Ningbo University(ZX2022000432).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(2022JJ50048)Hunan Agriculture Research System(HARS-11).
文摘Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.
文摘Weight loss,whether resulting from disease-related conditions or intentional interventions,has been increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for compromised skeletal integrity.While moderate weight reduction may yield metabolic benefits,rapid or sustained weight loss is frequently associated with decreased bone mineral density,deterioration of bone microarchitecture,and heightened fracture risk.The mechanisms underlying weight loss–induced bone loss are complex and multifactorial.Emerging evidence highlights a range of contributing factors,including reduced mechanical loading,increased bone marrow adiposity,hormonal and endocrine alterations,nutritional deficiencies,and disruptions in energy metabolism.These mechanisms are intricately interconnected,ultimately impairing bone remodeling and homeostatic balance.In this review,we provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on the mechanistic pathways,clinical consequences,and therapeutic strategies related to weight loss–induced bone loss.We further differentiate the skeletal effects of disease-associated versus interventioninduced weight loss,with a focus on their distinct molecular underpinnings.Our goal is to offer novel insights into the optimization of bone health management in the context of weight loss,guided by a translational medicine perspective.
文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes,which seriously aff ects the patient’s vision and quality of life.With the increase in the number of patients with diabetes,the prevention and treatment of DR has become an urgent clinical problem to be solved.In recent years,Danshen dripping pills,as a traditional Chinese medicine preparation,have received widespread attention for its unique pharmacological eff ects.Studies have shown that Danshen Dropping Pills has a signifi cant regulatory eff ect on retinal vascular damage,oxidative stress,infl ammatory response and cell apoptosis.Current research results show that Danshen Dropping Pills can reduce retinal damage and improve the vision of diabetic patients through multiple mechanisms.However,in-depth research on its specifi c mechanism of action is still needed to better understand its potential application in the prevention and treatment of DR.This article aims to explore the mechanism of action of Danshen Dropping Pills in diabetic retinopathy by reviewing relevant literature and provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.
文摘This article summarizes recent domestic literature on the use of Huangqin(Scutellaria baicalensis)in the treatment of lung cancer.It reviews the mechanism of action of Huangqin in treating lung cancer from six aspects:inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells,inducing apoptosis of lung cancer cells,inducing autophagy of lung cancer cells,inhibiting the migration of lung cancer cells,promoting the differentiation of lung cancer cells,and improving immune function.The aim is to provide a reference for the material basis and further research on the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor efficacy of Huangqin.
