Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As...Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.展开更多
Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,M...Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.展开更多
The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-g...The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.展开更多
Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}_(n∈N)of nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}_(n∈N)by local ac...Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}_(n∈N)of nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}_(n∈N)by local actions be a generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions satisfying Gn([[x,y],z])=Σ_(i+j+k=n)[[Gi(x),δj(y)],δk(z)]for all x,y,z∈T with xyz=0.Under some mild conditions on T,we prove in this paper that every nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions on triangular algebras is proper.As an application we shall give a characterization of nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivations by local actions on upper triangular matrix algebras and nest algebras,respectively.At the same time,it also improves some interesting conclusions,such as[J.Algebra Appl.22(3),2023,Paper No.2350059],[Axioms,11,2022,1–16].展开更多
‘Healthy China-Mother’s Action’Activities Draw 1.5 Billion Attendance An activity,under the“Healthy China-Mother's Action”campaign,was held in Tanmen,a town in Qionghai,a city in South China’s Hainan Provinc...‘Healthy China-Mother’s Action’Activities Draw 1.5 Billion Attendance An activity,under the“Healthy China-Mother's Action”campaign,was held in Tanmen,a town in Qionghai,a city in South China’s Hainan Province,on December 9,2025.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of U...Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.展开更多
The unceasing revolution of the global economy and culture boosts the revolutionary step of the educational circle.Combining the creed of The Guide of College English Teaching in 2016 with the results of investigation...The unceasing revolution of the global economy and culture boosts the revolutionary step of the educational circle.Combining the creed of The Guide of College English Teaching in 2016 with the results of investigation and survey in colleges, a research group in the Institute of Foreign Languages of Hankou University comes up with a revolutionary trial scheme on College English teaching conducted by discovery learning theory, as well as a research method of action research, which is in hope of mending the problems and shortcomings of current College English teaching.展开更多
A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, ...A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, which is defined as ‘sub-bottom sediment pump action' in this paper. Field experiments were performed twice on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River delta to study this process via both trapping the pumped materials and recording the pore pressures in the substrate. Experimental results are quite interesting as we did observe yellow slurry which is mainly composed of fine-grained soil particles appearing on the seabed surface; seepage gradients were also detected in the intertidal flat, under the action of tides and small wind waves. Preliminary conclusions are that ‘sediment pump' occurs when seepage force exceeds a certain threshold: firstly, it is big enough to disconnect the soil particles from the soil skeleton; secondly, the degree of seabed fluidization or bioturbation is big enough to provide preferred paths for the detached materials to migrate upwards. Then they would be firstly pumped from interior to the surface of seabed and then easily re-suspended into overlying water column. Influential factors of ‘sediment pump' are determined as hydrodynamics(wave energy), degree of consolidation, index of bioturbation(permeability) and content of fine-grained materials(sedimentary age). This new perspective of ‘sediment pump' may provide some implications for the mechanism interpretation of several unclear geological phenomena in the Yellow River delta area.展开更多
Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954;962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafr...Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954;962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafrost.Both the thawing of permafrost and seasonal frost action impacted on road surface stability for about 6 years until the maximum summer thaw reached about 3 m in depth.Seasonal frost action caused most of the ensuing stability problems.Unusually warm summers and the lengths of time required to re-freeze the active layer were far more important than the average annual air temperatures in determining the temperatures of the underlying shallow permafrost,or the development of taliks.The hypothesized climate warming would slightly and gradually deepen the active layer and the developed under-lying talik,but its effect would be obscured by unusually warm summers,by warmer than usual winters,and by the vari-able lengths of time of the zero curtains.At least one period of climate mini-cooling in the deeper permafrost during the early 20th century was noted.展开更多
Antibacterial action of 4-[p-acetylamino benzenesulfonamido] selenomorpholine (SeB) was studied by microcalorimetry with an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Moni-tor. It was found that SeB had the capacity to inhibit the metaboli...Antibacterial action of 4-[p-acetylamino benzenesulfonamido] selenomorpholine (SeB) was studied by microcalorimetry with an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Moni-tor. It was found that SeB had the capacity to inhibit the metabolic growth of Escherichia coli. But in different sol-vent, the extent of inhibition is different. Removing the effect of solvent, we obtained the half-inhibition conce.ntra-tion(IC50) of SeB from the power-time curves. The value of IC50 of SeB was 1319μg ·mL-1.展开更多
The action of etching and damage by 20 keV N+ beam on the cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and Escherichia coli was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of ...The action of etching and damage by 20 keV N+ beam on the cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and Escherichia coli was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of free radicals. The results showed that N+ implantation exerted the direct action of etching and damage of momentum transferring and the indirect action of the free radicals of energy deposition on their cells, many microholes were found on the surface of cells' wall and /or membrane by SEM, the damaged DNA was determined using DNA unwinding technique, and the signal of free radicals was measured by ESR. The degree of damage to cells by ion beam gradually increased with the increase implantation dose. With the post-treatment of 2 mmol/l caffeine and 0.5 mmol / l Na2-EDTA, the survival rate of D.radiodurans and E.coli further decreased in the order of caffeine > Na2-EDTA > control, and this suggested that low energy ion beam could be implanted into nucleus, doing a damage to DNA and resulting in the mutation of organisms.展开更多
No herbicide with a new molecular site of action(SOA)has been introduced since the 1980s.Since then,the widespread evolution of resistance of weeds to most commercial herbicides has greatly increased the need for herb...No herbicide with a new molecular site of action(SOA)has been introduced since the 1980s.Since then,the widespread evolution of resistance of weeds to most commercial herbicides has greatly increased the need for herbicides with new SOAs.Two untried strategies for the discovery on new herbicide SOAs are discussed.Some primary metabolism intermediates are phytotoxic(e.g.,protoporphyrin IX and sphingoid bases),and,because of this,the in vivo concentrations of these compounds are maintained at very low levels by plants.The determination of all primary metabolite phytotoxicities and pool sizes will identify targets of interest.Targeting SOAs that result in accumulation of phytotoxic compounds is the first novel approach to herbicide discovery.The second approach is to identify potential SOAs with very low in vivo enzyme levels.We know that higher numbers of enzyme molecules for a SOA requires more herbicide to kill a plant.Modern proteomic methods can identify low enzyme level SOAs for biorational herbicide discovery.These approaches might be useful in discovery of herbicides more closely related to natural compounds and that can be used in lower doses.展开更多
For realizing diffused anode attachment in pure nitrogen arcs, a special arc plasma generator was designed and combined with suitable working parameters such as gas flow rate and arc current. The anode has a flow-rest...For realizing diffused anode attachment in pure nitrogen arcs, a special arc plasma generator was designed and combined with suitable working parameters such as gas flow rate and arc current. The anode has a flow-restrictor channel of 2.8 mm diameter and downstream expansion half-angle of 8°, with the purpose of creating a dispersed nitrogen-arc column by strong gasdynamic expansion effect. Results show that, when thermal blocking condition existed in the flow restrictor and the cathode cavity pressure was higher than that in the exit chamber by at least 9 kPa, the action due to gasdynamic expansion could be much stronger than the self-magnetic contraction effect of the arc and the nitrogen arc column could be effectively dispersed to form a sufficiently diffused attachment on the water-cooled anode surface.展开更多
Reinforcement Learning is a commonly used technique for learning tasks in robotics, however, traditional algorithms are unable to handle large amounts of data coming from the robot’s sensors, require long training ti...Reinforcement Learning is a commonly used technique for learning tasks in robotics, however, traditional algorithms are unable to handle large amounts of data coming from the robot’s sensors, require long training times, and use dis-crete actions. This work introduces TS-RRLCA, a two stage method to tackle these problems. In the first stage, low-level data coming from the robot’s sensors is transformed into a more natural, relational representation based on rooms, walls, corners, doors and obstacles, significantly reducing the state space. We use this representation along with Behavioural Cloning, i.e., traces provided by the user;to learn, in few iterations, a relational control policy with discrete actions which can be re-used in different environments. In the second stage, we use Locally Weighted Regression to transform the initial policy into a continuous actions policy. We tested our approach in simulation and with a real service robot on different environments for different navigation and following tasks. Results show how the policies can be used on different domains and perform smoother, faster and shorter paths than the original discrete actions policies.展开更多
Dear Editor Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of brain functions,the neural substrates and correlates of consciousness remain unclear[1].It has been argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapa...Dear Editor Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of brain functions,the neural substrates and correlates of consciousness remain unclear[1].It has been argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Cardiotoxicity refers to drug-induced arrhythmia such as Torsades de pointes.Current single ion channel(hERG)-based assay generates-30% false results.The aim is to establish an advanced in vitro cardiotoxici...OBJECTIVE Cardiotoxicity refers to drug-induced arrhythmia such as Torsades de pointes.Current single ion channel(hERG)-based assay generates-30% false results.The aim is to establish an advanced in vitro cardiotoxicity assay by incorporating high throughput multiple cardiac ion channel screening and human cardiomyocytes-based validation.METHODS Effects of drugs were tested on multiple cell lines expressing hERG,Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 by automated patch clamping.Subsequently,the results were validated with human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(hPSC-CMs)in which ion currents and action potentials were measured by manual patch clamping.RESULTS We have tested the cardiotoxicity of monomers extracted from various medical herbs.Mitragynine is the major bioactive compound isolated from kratom,a therapeutic herb from the rain forest of South East Asia.As a popular stimulant,it has been associated with a number of acute fatal incidences.We observed a typical torsadogenic hazard of mitragynine.It exerted a strong hERG inhibition in hERG-HEK293 cell line(IC50:5.2 μmol·L-1)and hPSC-CMs(IC50:0.91 μmol·L-1)without affecting other cardiac ion channels.Moreover,it caused a significant prolongation of action potential duration(APD)in hPSC-CMs(a-32.5%increase in APD at 50 and 90%repolarization).On the other hand,deoxylelephantopin,apotential anti-cancer reagent,demonstrated low cardiotoxicity.It exerted a week inhibition on hERG in HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 87.2 μmol·L-1,while the effective concentrations for suppressing the growth of cancer cells ranges from 2 to 20μmol·L-1.At 100μmol·L-1,deoxylelephantopin showed no effects on Cav1.2 and Nav1.5 and it failed to alter APD in hPSC-CMs.CONCLUSION We have successfully tested a newin vitro cardiotoxicity assay strategy which incorporates multiple cardiac ion channels screening and hPSC-CMs validation.This new strategy could facilitate the effective and efficient evaluation of existing and new drugs/reagents for potential pro-arrhythmic risk.展开更多
Electrical stimulation of the mammalian neurohypophysial infundibular stalk evokes the entry of Nat and Ca^(2+) into the neurosecretory terminals during the action potential.These events,in turn,increase intracellular...Electrical stimulation of the mammalian neurohypophysial infundibular stalk evokes the entry of Nat and Ca^(2+) into the neurosecretory terminals during the action potential.These events,in turn,increase intracellular Ca^(2+) and activate NaK-and Ca-ATPases,prompting the mitochondria to increase oxidative phosphorylation which can be monitored by recording the changes in FAD and NADHfluorescence.This paper reflects our efforts to determine whether or not modulating the capacity of mitochondria to produce ATP,by changing the concentrations of two important substrates of the Krebs cycle of the nerve terminal mitochondria,pyruvate and glucose,has an effect on the intrinsicfluorescence changes triggered by action potential stimulation.展开更多
The present paper covers the actional mechanism of trifluoroacetic acid for the separation of biopolymers investigated by using the parameters of stoichiometric displacement model for retention(SDM-R) in reversed-phas...The present paper covers the actional mechanism of trifluoroacetic acid for the separation of biopolymers investigated by using the parameters of stoichiometric displacement model for retention(SDM-R) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It was found that the trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) may participate in, or stimulate the association among displacing agent molecules in mobile phase, and decrease the affinity of both the associate molecules of the displacing agent and the TFA-protein ion-pairing. The former dominates over the separation selectivity of biopolymers as the concentration of TFA is lower than a given value, and the two contrary functions partly offset to each other and the latter dominates as its concentration is greater than the given value.展开更多
The axon initial segment(AIS)is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential(AP)generation.Currently,AIS plasticity with regard to changes in length and location in response to neur...The axon initial segment(AIS)is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential(AP)generation.Currently,AIS plasticity with regard to changes in length and location in response to neural activity has been extensively investigated,but how AIS diameter is regulated remains elusive.Here we report that COUP-TFI(chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor 1)is an essential regulator of AIS diameter in both developing and adult mouse neocortex.Either embryonic or adult ablation of COUP-TFI results in reduced AIS diameter and impaired AP generation.Although COUP-TFI ablations in sparse single neurons and in populations of neurons have similar impacts on AIS diameter and AP generation,they strengthen and weaken,respectively,the receiving spontaneous network in mutant neurons.In contrast,overexpression of COUP-TFI in sparse single neurons increases the AIS diameter and facilitates AP generation,but decreases the receiving spontaneous network.Our findings demonstrate that COUP-TFI is indispensable for both the expansion and maintenance of AIS diameter and that AIS diameter fine-tunes action potential generation and synaptic inputs in mammalian cortical neurons.展开更多
Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal ...Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal conduction along axons of two different levels of denyelination wasstudied via a modified Hodgkin Huxley model,because some types of demyelinating disease,i.e.primary progressive and secondary progesive multiple scleross,are dificult to be distinguishedby magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we focused on the diferences in signal conduction between two diferent demyelinated axons,such as the first-level demyelination and the second.level demyelination.The spatio-temporal distribution of action potentials along denyelinatedaxons and conduction properties including the refractory period and frequency encoding in theset wo patterns were investigated.The results showed that denyelination could induce the decreaseboth in the amplitude of action potentials and the ability of frequency coding,Furthermore,t hesignal conduction velocity in the second-level dernyelination was about 21%slower than that inthe first-level demyelination.The refractory period in the second-level demyelination was about32%longer t han the first-level.Thus,detecting the signal conduction in demnyelinat ed axons byaction-potential encoded optical SHG could greatly improve the assessment of demyelinatingdisorders to classify the patients.This technique also offers a potential fast and noninvasiveoptical approach for monitoring membrane potential.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977283)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province of China.
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.
文摘Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.
基金supported by European Union–Next Generation EU(LX22NPO5107(MEYS))the Czech Science Foundation(20-21339S)+2 种基金the Grant Agency of Charles University(GAUK 248122 and 272221)ERDF-Project Brain Dynamics(CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004643)the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Project NU21J-08-00081.
文摘The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.
基金Supported by Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences(Central China Normal University)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2008085QA01)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2019A0107)。
文摘Let R be a commutative ring with unity and T be a triangular algebra over R.Let a sequence G={G_n}_(n∈N)of nonlinear mappings G_n:T→T associated with nonlinear Lie triple higher derivations∆={δ_n}_(n∈N)by local actions be a generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions satisfying Gn([[x,y],z])=Σ_(i+j+k=n)[[Gi(x),δj(y)],δk(z)]for all x,y,z∈T with xyz=0.Under some mild conditions on T,we prove in this paper that every nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivation by local actions on triangular algebras is proper.As an application we shall give a characterization of nonlinear generalized Lie triple higher derivations by local actions on upper triangular matrix algebras and nest algebras,respectively.At the same time,it also improves some interesting conclusions,such as[J.Algebra Appl.22(3),2023,Paper No.2350059],[Axioms,11,2022,1–16].
文摘‘Healthy China-Mother’s Action’Activities Draw 1.5 Billion Attendance An activity,under the“Healthy China-Mother's Action”campaign,was held in Tanmen,a town in Qionghai,a city in South China’s Hainan Province,on December 9,2025.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374200Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Development Demonstration Pilot Projects in Pudong New Area-High-Level Research-Oriented Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Construction,No.YC-2023-0901.
文摘Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.
文摘The unceasing revolution of the global economy and culture boosts the revolutionary step of the educational circle.Combining the creed of The Guide of College English Teaching in 2016 with the results of investigation and survey in colleges, a research group in the Institute of Foreign Languages of Hankou University comes up with a revolutionary trial scheme on College English teaching conducted by discovery learning theory, as well as a research method of action research, which is in hope of mending the problems and shortcomings of current College English teaching.
基金jointly supported by five projects which are respectively funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41402253,41272316,41372287)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2014M561963,2016T90653)
文摘A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, which is defined as ‘sub-bottom sediment pump action' in this paper. Field experiments were performed twice on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River delta to study this process via both trapping the pumped materials and recording the pore pressures in the substrate. Experimental results are quite interesting as we did observe yellow slurry which is mainly composed of fine-grained soil particles appearing on the seabed surface; seepage gradients were also detected in the intertidal flat, under the action of tides and small wind waves. Preliminary conclusions are that ‘sediment pump' occurs when seepage force exceeds a certain threshold: firstly, it is big enough to disconnect the soil particles from the soil skeleton; secondly, the degree of seabed fluidization or bioturbation is big enough to provide preferred paths for the detached materials to migrate upwards. Then they would be firstly pumped from interior to the surface of seabed and then easily re-suspended into overlying water column. Influential factors of ‘sediment pump' are determined as hydrodynamics(wave energy), degree of consolidation, index of bioturbation(permeability) and content of fine-grained materials(sedimentary age). This new perspective of ‘sediment pump' may provide some implications for the mechanism interpretation of several unclear geological phenomena in the Yellow River delta area.
文摘Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954;962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafrost.Both the thawing of permafrost and seasonal frost action impacted on road surface stability for about 6 years until the maximum summer thaw reached about 3 m in depth.Seasonal frost action caused most of the ensuing stability problems.Unusually warm summers and the lengths of time required to re-freeze the active layer were far more important than the average annual air temperatures in determining the temperatures of the underlying shallow permafrost,or the development of taliks.The hypothesized climate warming would slightly and gradually deepen the active layer and the developed under-lying talik,but its effect would be obscured by unusually warm summers,by warmer than usual winters,and by the vari-able lengths of time of the zero curtains.At least one period of climate mini-cooling in the deeper permafrost during the early 20th century was noted.
文摘Antibacterial action of 4-[p-acetylamino benzenesulfonamido] selenomorpholine (SeB) was studied by microcalorimetry with an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Moni-tor. It was found that SeB had the capacity to inhibit the metabolic growth of Escherichia coli. But in different sol-vent, the extent of inhibition is different. Removing the effect of solvent, we obtained the half-inhibition conce.ntra-tion(IC50) of SeB from the power-time curves. The value of IC50 of SeB was 1319μg ·mL-1.
基金This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of china (19605005)
文摘The action of etching and damage by 20 keV N+ beam on the cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and Escherichia coli was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of free radicals. The results showed that N+ implantation exerted the direct action of etching and damage of momentum transferring and the indirect action of the free radicals of energy deposition on their cells, many microholes were found on the surface of cells' wall and /or membrane by SEM, the damaged DNA was determined using DNA unwinding technique, and the signal of free radicals was measured by ESR. The degree of damage to cells by ion beam gradually increased with the increase implantation dose. With the post-treatment of 2 mmol/l caffeine and 0.5 mmol / l Na2-EDTA, the survival rate of D.radiodurans and E.coli further decreased in the order of caffeine > Na2-EDTA > control, and this suggested that low energy ion beam could be implanted into nucleus, doing a damage to DNA and resulting in the mutation of organisms.
文摘No herbicide with a new molecular site of action(SOA)has been introduced since the 1980s.Since then,the widespread evolution of resistance of weeds to most commercial herbicides has greatly increased the need for herbicides with new SOAs.Two untried strategies for the discovery on new herbicide SOAs are discussed.Some primary metabolism intermediates are phytotoxic(e.g.,protoporphyrin IX and sphingoid bases),and,because of this,the in vivo concentrations of these compounds are maintained at very low levels by plants.The determination of all primary metabolite phytotoxicities and pool sizes will identify targets of interest.Targeting SOAs that result in accumulation of phytotoxic compounds is the first novel approach to herbicide discovery.The second approach is to identify potential SOAs with very low in vivo enzyme levels.We know that higher numbers of enzyme molecules for a SOA requires more herbicide to kill a plant.Modern proteomic methods can identify low enzyme level SOAs for biorational herbicide discovery.These approaches might be useful in discovery of herbicides more closely related to natural compounds and that can be used in lower doses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11575273)
文摘For realizing diffused anode attachment in pure nitrogen arcs, a special arc plasma generator was designed and combined with suitable working parameters such as gas flow rate and arc current. The anode has a flow-restrictor channel of 2.8 mm diameter and downstream expansion half-angle of 8°, with the purpose of creating a dispersed nitrogen-arc column by strong gasdynamic expansion effect. Results show that, when thermal blocking condition existed in the flow restrictor and the cathode cavity pressure was higher than that in the exit chamber by at least 9 kPa, the action due to gasdynamic expansion could be much stronger than the self-magnetic contraction effect of the arc and the nitrogen arc column could be effectively dispersed to form a sufficiently diffused attachment on the water-cooled anode surface.
文摘Reinforcement Learning is a commonly used technique for learning tasks in robotics, however, traditional algorithms are unable to handle large amounts of data coming from the robot’s sensors, require long training times, and use dis-crete actions. This work introduces TS-RRLCA, a two stage method to tackle these problems. In the first stage, low-level data coming from the robot’s sensors is transformed into a more natural, relational representation based on rooms, walls, corners, doors and obstacles, significantly reducing the state space. We use this representation along with Behavioural Cloning, i.e., traces provided by the user;to learn, in few iterations, a relational control policy with discrete actions which can be re-used in different environments. In the second stage, we use Locally Weighted Regression to transform the initial policy into a continuous actions policy. We tested our approach in simulation and with a real service robot on different environments for different navigation and following tasks. Results show how the policies can be used on different domains and perform smoother, faster and shorter paths than the original discrete actions policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31640034)the Sci-Tech Support Plan of Hubei Province, China (2014BEC086)the Research Team Fund of the South-Central University for Nationalities, China (XTZ15014)
文摘Dear Editor Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of brain functions,the neural substrates and correlates of consciousness remain unclear[1].It has been argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness.
基金The project supported by National Medical Research Council(NMRC CG12Aug09&NMRC EDG10may050)National Research Foundation(NRF2008-CRP003-02)of Singapore and Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation Malaysia(Sciencefund Grant to Tan Mei Lan)
文摘OBJECTIVE Cardiotoxicity refers to drug-induced arrhythmia such as Torsades de pointes.Current single ion channel(hERG)-based assay generates-30% false results.The aim is to establish an advanced in vitro cardiotoxicity assay by incorporating high throughput multiple cardiac ion channel screening and human cardiomyocytes-based validation.METHODS Effects of drugs were tested on multiple cell lines expressing hERG,Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 by automated patch clamping.Subsequently,the results were validated with human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(hPSC-CMs)in which ion currents and action potentials were measured by manual patch clamping.RESULTS We have tested the cardiotoxicity of monomers extracted from various medical herbs.Mitragynine is the major bioactive compound isolated from kratom,a therapeutic herb from the rain forest of South East Asia.As a popular stimulant,it has been associated with a number of acute fatal incidences.We observed a typical torsadogenic hazard of mitragynine.It exerted a strong hERG inhibition in hERG-HEK293 cell line(IC50:5.2 μmol·L-1)and hPSC-CMs(IC50:0.91 μmol·L-1)without affecting other cardiac ion channels.Moreover,it caused a significant prolongation of action potential duration(APD)in hPSC-CMs(a-32.5%increase in APD at 50 and 90%repolarization).On the other hand,deoxylelephantopin,apotential anti-cancer reagent,demonstrated low cardiotoxicity.It exerted a week inhibition on hERG in HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 87.2 μmol·L-1,while the effective concentrations for suppressing the growth of cancer cells ranges from 2 to 20μmol·L-1.At 100μmol·L-1,deoxylelephantopin showed no effects on Cav1.2 and Nav1.5 and it failed to alter APD in hPSC-CMs.CONCLUSION We have successfully tested a newin vitro cardiotoxicity assay strategy which incorporates multiple cardiac ion channels screening and hPSC-CMs validation.This new strategy could facilitate the effective and efficient evaluation of existing and new drugs/reagents for potential pro-arrhythmic risk.
基金We are grateful to Professor David F.Wilson for helpful discussions.This work was supported by USPHS grants(BMS)NS 40966 and NS 16824.
文摘Electrical stimulation of the mammalian neurohypophysial infundibular stalk evokes the entry of Nat and Ca^(2+) into the neurosecretory terminals during the action potential.These events,in turn,increase intracellular Ca^(2+) and activate NaK-and Ca-ATPases,prompting the mitochondria to increase oxidative phosphorylation which can be monitored by recording the changes in FAD and NADHfluorescence.This paper reflects our efforts to determine whether or not modulating the capacity of mitochondria to produce ATP,by changing the concentrations of two important substrates of the Krebs cycle of the nerve terminal mitochondria,pyruvate and glucose,has an effect on the intrinsicfluorescence changes triggered by action potential stimulation.
基金Supported by the National Natrual Science Foundation of China
文摘The present paper covers the actional mechanism of trifluoroacetic acid for the separation of biopolymers investigated by using the parameters of stoichiometric displacement model for retention(SDM-R) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It was found that the trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) may participate in, or stimulate the association among displacing agent molecules in mobile phase, and decrease the affinity of both the associate molecules of the displacing agent and the TFA-protein ion-pairing. The former dominates over the separation selectivity of biopolymers as the concentration of TFA is lower than a given value, and the two contrary functions partly offset to each other and the latter dominates as its concentration is greater than the given value.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870734)the Shanghai Municipal Government and ShanghaiTech University,China.
文摘The axon initial segment(AIS)is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential(AP)generation.Currently,AIS plasticity with regard to changes in length and location in response to neural activity has been extensively investigated,but how AIS diameter is regulated remains elusive.Here we report that COUP-TFI(chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor 1)is an essential regulator of AIS diameter in both developing and adult mouse neocortex.Either embryonic or adult ablation of COUP-TFI results in reduced AIS diameter and impaired AP generation.Although COUP-TFI ablations in sparse single neurons and in populations of neurons have similar impacts on AIS diameter and AP generation,they strengthen and weaken,respectively,the receiving spontaneous network in mutant neurons.In contrast,overexpression of COUP-TFI in sparse single neurons increases the AIS diameter and facilitates AP generation,but decreases the receiving spontaneous network.Our findings demonstrate that COUP-TFI is indispensable for both the expansion and maintenance of AIS diameter and that AIS diameter fine-tunes action potential generation and synaptic inputs in mammalian cortical neurons.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61335011Program for Changjiang,Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No.IRT1115the Fund from Fujian Normal University under Grant No.2008100218.
文摘Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal conduction along axons of two different levels of denyelination wasstudied via a modified Hodgkin Huxley model,because some types of demyelinating disease,i.e.primary progressive and secondary progesive multiple scleross,are dificult to be distinguishedby magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we focused on the diferences in signal conduction between two diferent demyelinated axons,such as the first-level demyelination and the second.level demyelination.The spatio-temporal distribution of action potentials along denyelinatedaxons and conduction properties including the refractory period and frequency encoding in theset wo patterns were investigated.The results showed that denyelination could induce the decreaseboth in the amplitude of action potentials and the ability of frequency coding,Furthermore,t hesignal conduction velocity in the second-level dernyelination was about 21%slower than that inthe first-level demyelination.The refractory period in the second-level demyelination was about32%longer t han the first-level.Thus,detecting the signal conduction in demnyelinat ed axons byaction-potential encoded optical SHG could greatly improve the assessment of demyelinatingdisorders to classify the patients.This technique also offers a potential fast and noninvasiveoptical approach for monitoring membrane potential.
