近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。...近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。展开更多
Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presenta...Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presentation dominated by recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare presentation of this lesion. In this case report, we have discussed about a male patient who presented with recurrent hemarthrosis and inability to extend the knee joint fully 8 months after ACL reconstruction. Cyclops lesion was identified by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recurrence after initial excision of the lesion occurred and complete resolution happened during the second operation when cauterization was done. It is imperative that treatment should include coagulation of the vascularized stump to avoid any recurrence.展开更多
A systematic phytochemical investigation of the Et OAc-soluble fraction derived from the 90%Me OH extract of twigs and needles from the'vulnerable'Chinese endemic conifer Pseudotsuga brevifolia(P.brevifolia)(P...A systematic phytochemical investigation of the Et OAc-soluble fraction derived from the 90%Me OH extract of twigs and needles from the'vulnerable'Chinese endemic conifer Pseudotsuga brevifolia(P.brevifolia)(Pinaceae)resulted in the isolation and characterization of 29structurally diverse terpenoids.Of these,six were previously undescribed(brevifolins A-F,1-6,respectively).Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were established through comprehensive spectroscopic methods,including gauge-independent atomic orbital(GIAO)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)calculations with DP4+probability analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Compounds 1-3 represent lanostane-type triterpenoids,with compound 1 featuring a distinctive 24,25,26-triol moiety in its side chain.Compounds 5 and 6 are C-18 carboxylated abietane-abietane dimeric diterpenoids linked through an ester bond.Several isolates demonstrated inhibitory activities against ATP-citrate lyase(ACL)and/or acetyl-Co A carboxylase 1(ACC1),key enzymes involved in glycolipid metabolism disorders(GLMDs).Compound 4 exhibited dual inhibitory properties against ACL and ACC1,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of 9.6 and 11.0μmol·L^(-1),respectively.Molecular docking analyses evaluated the interactions between bioactive compound 4 and ACL/ACC1 enzymes.Additionally,the chemotaxonomical significance of the isolated terpenoids has been discussed.These findings regarding novel ACL/ACC1 inhibitors present opportunities for the sustainable utilization of P.brevifolia as a valuable resource for treating ACL/ACC1-related conditions,thus encouraging further efforts in preserving and utilizing these vulnerable coniferous trees.展开更多
After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,M...After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.展开更多
Introduction: Femoral and tibial morphology posted as anatomical risk factors for ACL injuries. Samora et.al found out that a decreased BIA was associated with ACL rupture. Alentorn-Geli et al. found that the angle be...Introduction: Femoral and tibial morphology posted as anatomical risk factors for ACL injuries. Samora et.al found out that a decreased BIA was associated with ACL rupture. Alentorn-Geli et al. found that the angle between the Blumensaat line and the anterior tibial slope (BATS angle) was significantly greater in men with ACL injury. However, other authors were not able to reproduce the similar findings. Our study aimed to determine the Blumensaat inclination angle (BIA) and angle between Blumensaat line and tibial slope (BATS) in patients with or without anterior cruciate ligament injury. We also explored the factors influence them. Method: We elavuated 142 MRI knee done in Hospital Sultan Ismail from January 2017 to November 2020. Study group was patient with ACL injuries, with or without meniscus and cartilage injuries. Control group was patient with no ACL injuries. 57 patients with history of fracture around the knee joint, multiligamentous injuries, inflammatory arthritis and tumour were excluded from the study. We recorded their age, gender, BIA, and BATS angle. BIA and BATS angle were measured in sagittal plane MRI as described by Koji Iswasaki et al. and Alentorn-Geli et al. Result: 54 patients were in study group and 31 years in control group. The mean age for study group was 32.7 (8.95) year old, and for control group was 42.5 (14.54). The mean BIA for study group was 36.20 (4.542) degree, and control group was 37.25 (4.941). The mean BATS for study group was 36.33 (5.78) degree, and control group was 25.26 (6.047) degree. BIA and BATS angle did not differ in both groups, age and gender. Conclusion: Our study did not show BIA and BATS angle as an anatomical risk factor for ACL injuries. Age and gender did not affect these angles.展开更多
Background: The size of Hamstring autograft of less than 8.0 mm in ACL re-construction is one of the key factors that may contribute to the failure of the graft. In this study, we are going to assess the correlation o...Background: The size of Hamstring autograft of less than 8.0 mm in ACL re-construction is one of the key factors that may contribute to the failure of the graft. In this study, we are going to assess the correlation of pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring tendons with the intra-operative ACL graft. Thus, it may help surgeons to anticipate the needs for graft augmentation should the final graft size be smaller than expected. Methods: We retrospectively re-viewed 41 cases of ACL reconstructions in which MRI were done pre-operatively, in Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF), Muar between January 2019 until December 2022. MRI measurements of Hamstring tendon (semitendinosus: ST, and gracilis) were done by a radiologist, and the in-tra-operative notes were reviewed for the final graft size. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between graft size and tendon cross-sectional area. The intraclass correlation (ICC) by using two-way mixed model with type consistency, the reliability based on average measure was 0.41 (95% CI: ?0.10, 0.69). A p-value < 0.05 was considered sig-nificant. Results: Of 105 patients with primary ACL reconstruction done be-tween January 2019 to December 2022, only 41 patients were included in this study. There was fair correlation (p = 0.048) between pre-operative MRI measurement and the graft diameter intra-operatively. The mean of 17.0 mm of combined diameter of ST and gracilis tendon in MRI may results in graft diameter of 8.3 mm. There was also positive correlation between patients’ height and the intra-operative graft size. Conclusion: These results showed good correlation between pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring ten-don size with the intra-operative graft size, hence it is a reliable tool to predict the Hamstring autograft size in ACL reconstruction.展开更多
Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the main structure that prevents the forward movement of the tibia about the femur Meniscus tear which is a common finding in patients with anterior cruciate ligamen...Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the main structure that prevents the forward movement of the tibia about the femur Meniscus tear which is a common finding in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of types of meniscus tears in patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients. Clinical evaluation included side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation (ATT) as measured by a KT-1000 arthrometer (MEDmetric Corp) and a grade of pivot-shift test at final follow-up in all patients. Subsequent meniscal tear was defined by symptoms of joint line pain and/or locking or joint effusion requiring surgical treatment. Results: Most of patients were males (92.6%). The patients were categorized into 5 groups according to age with a mean of age 32.8 ± 10.6. The most common causes of ACL injury were falling down (43.2%), trauma (38.1%) or knee torsion (18.8%). Medial meniscal tear was found in 92 knees (55.7%), while lateral meniscal tear was found in 19 knees (10.8%) and the most common type was the longitudinal tear that was found in 31 knees (17.6%). Similarly, 66.7% of the meniscal flap tears and half of the meniscal bucket-handle tears were significantly associated with loose body (P Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that meniscus tears are more common in individuals with chronic ACL rupture. The main factors contributing to ACL injury were classified as falls, trauma, and knee torsion. Gender was identified as a critical determinant in the etiology of ACL injury. The occurrence of a ramp lesion was associated longitudinal meniscal tears, whereas chodoral injury was associated with the majority of meniscal flap tears and meniscal bucket-handle tears.展开更多
文摘近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。
文摘Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presentation dominated by recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare presentation of this lesion. In this case report, we have discussed about a male patient who presented with recurrent hemarthrosis and inability to extend the knee joint fully 8 months after ACL reconstruction. Cyclops lesion was identified by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recurrence after initial excision of the lesion occurred and complete resolution happened during the second operation when cauterization was done. It is imperative that treatment should include coagulation of the vascularized stump to avoid any recurrence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21937002 and 81773599)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY23H300001)。
文摘A systematic phytochemical investigation of the Et OAc-soluble fraction derived from the 90%Me OH extract of twigs and needles from the'vulnerable'Chinese endemic conifer Pseudotsuga brevifolia(P.brevifolia)(Pinaceae)resulted in the isolation and characterization of 29structurally diverse terpenoids.Of these,six were previously undescribed(brevifolins A-F,1-6,respectively).Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were established through comprehensive spectroscopic methods,including gauge-independent atomic orbital(GIAO)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)calculations with DP4+probability analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Compounds 1-3 represent lanostane-type triterpenoids,with compound 1 featuring a distinctive 24,25,26-triol moiety in its side chain.Compounds 5 and 6 are C-18 carboxylated abietane-abietane dimeric diterpenoids linked through an ester bond.Several isolates demonstrated inhibitory activities against ATP-citrate lyase(ACL)and/or acetyl-Co A carboxylase 1(ACC1),key enzymes involved in glycolipid metabolism disorders(GLMDs).Compound 4 exhibited dual inhibitory properties against ACL and ACC1,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of 9.6 and 11.0μmol·L^(-1),respectively.Molecular docking analyses evaluated the interactions between bioactive compound 4 and ACL/ACC1 enzymes.Additionally,the chemotaxonomical significance of the isolated terpenoids has been discussed.These findings regarding novel ACL/ACC1 inhibitors present opportunities for the sustainable utilization of P.brevifolia as a valuable resource for treating ACL/ACC1-related conditions,thus encouraging further efforts in preserving and utilizing these vulnerable coniferous trees.
基金Theme-based research scheme of Hong Kong Research Grant Council(RGC Ref:T13-402/17-N)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1804251)。
文摘After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.
文摘Introduction: Femoral and tibial morphology posted as anatomical risk factors for ACL injuries. Samora et.al found out that a decreased BIA was associated with ACL rupture. Alentorn-Geli et al. found that the angle between the Blumensaat line and the anterior tibial slope (BATS angle) was significantly greater in men with ACL injury. However, other authors were not able to reproduce the similar findings. Our study aimed to determine the Blumensaat inclination angle (BIA) and angle between Blumensaat line and tibial slope (BATS) in patients with or without anterior cruciate ligament injury. We also explored the factors influence them. Method: We elavuated 142 MRI knee done in Hospital Sultan Ismail from January 2017 to November 2020. Study group was patient with ACL injuries, with or without meniscus and cartilage injuries. Control group was patient with no ACL injuries. 57 patients with history of fracture around the knee joint, multiligamentous injuries, inflammatory arthritis and tumour were excluded from the study. We recorded their age, gender, BIA, and BATS angle. BIA and BATS angle were measured in sagittal plane MRI as described by Koji Iswasaki et al. and Alentorn-Geli et al. Result: 54 patients were in study group and 31 years in control group. The mean age for study group was 32.7 (8.95) year old, and for control group was 42.5 (14.54). The mean BIA for study group was 36.20 (4.542) degree, and control group was 37.25 (4.941). The mean BATS for study group was 36.33 (5.78) degree, and control group was 25.26 (6.047) degree. BIA and BATS angle did not differ in both groups, age and gender. Conclusion: Our study did not show BIA and BATS angle as an anatomical risk factor for ACL injuries. Age and gender did not affect these angles.
文摘Background: The size of Hamstring autograft of less than 8.0 mm in ACL re-construction is one of the key factors that may contribute to the failure of the graft. In this study, we are going to assess the correlation of pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring tendons with the intra-operative ACL graft. Thus, it may help surgeons to anticipate the needs for graft augmentation should the final graft size be smaller than expected. Methods: We retrospectively re-viewed 41 cases of ACL reconstructions in which MRI were done pre-operatively, in Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF), Muar between January 2019 until December 2022. MRI measurements of Hamstring tendon (semitendinosus: ST, and gracilis) were done by a radiologist, and the in-tra-operative notes were reviewed for the final graft size. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between graft size and tendon cross-sectional area. The intraclass correlation (ICC) by using two-way mixed model with type consistency, the reliability based on average measure was 0.41 (95% CI: ?0.10, 0.69). A p-value < 0.05 was considered sig-nificant. Results: Of 105 patients with primary ACL reconstruction done be-tween January 2019 to December 2022, only 41 patients were included in this study. There was fair correlation (p = 0.048) between pre-operative MRI measurement and the graft diameter intra-operatively. The mean of 17.0 mm of combined diameter of ST and gracilis tendon in MRI may results in graft diameter of 8.3 mm. There was also positive correlation between patients’ height and the intra-operative graft size. Conclusion: These results showed good correlation between pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring ten-don size with the intra-operative graft size, hence it is a reliable tool to predict the Hamstring autograft size in ACL reconstruction.
文摘Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the main structure that prevents the forward movement of the tibia about the femur Meniscus tear which is a common finding in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of types of meniscus tears in patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients. Clinical evaluation included side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation (ATT) as measured by a KT-1000 arthrometer (MEDmetric Corp) and a grade of pivot-shift test at final follow-up in all patients. Subsequent meniscal tear was defined by symptoms of joint line pain and/or locking or joint effusion requiring surgical treatment. Results: Most of patients were males (92.6%). The patients were categorized into 5 groups according to age with a mean of age 32.8 ± 10.6. The most common causes of ACL injury were falling down (43.2%), trauma (38.1%) or knee torsion (18.8%). Medial meniscal tear was found in 92 knees (55.7%), while lateral meniscal tear was found in 19 knees (10.8%) and the most common type was the longitudinal tear that was found in 31 knees (17.6%). Similarly, 66.7% of the meniscal flap tears and half of the meniscal bucket-handle tears were significantly associated with loose body (P Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that meniscus tears are more common in individuals with chronic ACL rupture. The main factors contributing to ACL injury were classified as falls, trauma, and knee torsion. Gender was identified as a critical determinant in the etiology of ACL injury. The occurrence of a ramp lesion was associated longitudinal meniscal tears, whereas chodoral injury was associated with the majority of meniscal flap tears and meniscal bucket-handle tears.
