Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of meth...Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant tumors in the digestive system is increasing and is a threat to human health.However,the long duration from tumor detection to radical resection,stress responses due to surgical t...BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant tumors in the digestive system is increasing and is a threat to human health.However,the long duration from tumor detection to radical resection,stress responses due to surgical trauma,and insufficient nu-tritional intake increases the risk of malnutrition,immune function reduction,postoperative complications,and intestinal dysfunction among patients.AIM To systematically investigate the association of parenteral nutrition enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)with the nutritional status of patients after gastrointestinal treatment.METHODS Randomized controlled trials associated with PUFA-enriched parenteral nutrition administration in patients with digestive system malignancies were retrieved from online databases such as PubMed,EMBASE,ScienceDirect,Cochrane Li-brary,China Knowledge Network,China VIP,Wanfang,and China Biomedical Literature Database,with the retrieval time from database inception to present.Two researchers independently extracted data.Each article’s bias risk was ass-essed by referring to the Cochrane Handbook version 5.3 criteria and RevMan5.4 was used for data analysis.RESULTS This meta-analysis involved six randomized controlled trials involving a total of 505 cases.Random-effects model analysis indicated remarkably better impro-vements in various inflammatory factors in the study group(P<0.05).Meta-analysis of nutritional indicators revealed that the study group had higher total protein,albumin,and prealbumin levels,as well as lower transferrin levels compared to the control group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,meta-analysis of T-cell subsets revealed no remarkable inter-group difference in post-treatment CD8+cells(P>0.05).Moreover,the meta-analysis identified a notably lower incidence of adverse reactions in the study group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Administration of PUFAs helps improve the nutritional status of patients with digestive malignancies in the perioperative period.It promotes immune function recovery,reduces the inflammatory response,and decreases the risk of adverse effects.These beneficial effects make it worth investigating and promoting their use in ap-propriate patient populations.However,further validation via high-quality studies with long intervention time and extended follow-up periods is required.展开更多
Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on t...Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.展开更多
Larch (Larix olgensis), Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and White birch (Betula platyphylla) are the major planting species in northeast China. The samples of forest litters were ...Larch (Larix olgensis), Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and White birch (Betula platyphylla) are the major planting species in northeast China. The samples of forest litters were collected from the stands of the above 4 species in Laoyeling and Jianlagou experiment stations of Maorshan Exp. Forest Farm (45?2-45?0N, 127?0-127?8E), Northeast Forestry University, in early October 2002. Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were carried out on the organic acids existing in freshly fallen litters (L layer) and hemi-decomposed litters (F layer) of the four forest species by using Gas Chromatogram system. A wide variety of organic acids were identified, including oxalic, malonic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, malic, citric, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:0 acids. In respect of L litters of all samples, the oxalic acid content (over 30 mg/g) was the highest of the seven low-molecular-weight organic acids identified, while the content of oleic or linoleic (above 40 mg/g) was found to be highest among the six high aliphatic acids identified. As to F litters, oxalic acid content was also the highest, followed by linoleic and oleic. For the same tree species or the same forest, the kinds and contents of organic acids in L litters were more abundant than that in F litters.展开更多
[Objective] An HPLC method for the determination of caffeoylquinic acid compounds in sweet potato was developed in the present research. Quantitative analysis was performed on 11 sweet potato genotypes to provide a re...[Objective] An HPLC method for the determination of caffeoylquinic acid compounds in sweet potato was developed in the present research. Quantitative analysis was performed on 11 sweet potato genotypes to provide a reference for the development and utilization of sweet potato, especial y on the aboveground part. [Method] Caffeoylquinic acid compounds were extracted from sweet potato leaves by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min with 200 volumes of methanol. The mobile phase of HPLC was acetonitrile -0.2% aqueous phosphoric acid. Chlorogenic acid, 4, 5-O-coffeocylquinic acid, 3, 5-O-coffeeacylquinic acid and 3, 4-O-coffeeacylquinic acid were separated wel by gradient elution, with recovery rate of 94.74%, 102.63%, 100.01% and 101.05%, respectively. [Result] The contents of caffeoylquinic acids were significantly different between sweet potato genotypes and tissue parts. Among these compounds, the content of bi-caffeoylquinic acids was the highest in the aboveground part, and the content of chlorogenic acid was the highest in the root tubers. The content of caffeoylquinic acid in different parts of the plant was： 9.77-40.86 mg/g in stem apex, 2.68-13.97 mg/g in mature leaves, 0.56-7.90 mg/g in stems and 0.69-4.33 mg/g in root tubers, respectively. [Conclusion] Sweet potato stems and leaves can be used for the extraction of chlorogenic acid in development and utilization, in which the purple sweet potato series is superior to the non-purple sweet potato series. The performance of the two purple sweet potato materials of 11ZY series is particularly prominent.展开更多
Aim and Method Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to a novelseries of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloioindole-2-carbo...Aim and Method Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to a novelseries of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloioindole-2-carboxylic acids to study the relationship betweentheir structure and the affinity for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. Result Hie coefficientsof cross-validation q^2 and non cross-validation r^2 for the model established by the study are0.744 and 0.993, respectively, the value of variance ratio F is 261.343, and standard error estimate(SE) is 0.039. Conclusion These values indicate that the CoMFA model may have a good prediction forthe activity of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloroin-dole-2-carboxylic acids. As a consequence, thepredicted activity values of new designed compounds supports our conclusion from the model.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with t...The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with the advantage of being environmental-friendly.As one of the organic acids produced by biological metabolism,citric acid was used to leach REEs and explore the performance and process.The results demonstrate that citric acid exhibits higher leaching efficiency(96.00%)for REEs at a relatively low concentration of 0.01 mol/L compared with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(84.29%,0.1 mol/L)and MgSO_(4)(83.99%,0.1 mol/L).Citric acid shows a preference for leaching heavy rare earth elements,with 99%leaching efficiency in IAREO,which shows higher capacity than(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)and MgSO_(4)(as inorganic leaching agents).Kinetic analysis indicates that the leaching process of REEs with citric acid is controlled by both the internal diffusion kinetics and chemical reaction kinetics,which is different from inorganic leaching agents.Visual Minteq calculations confirm that RE-Citrate is the main constituent of the extract solution in the leaching process of the IAREO,thereby enhancing the leaching efficiency of REEs from the IAREO.It suggests that citric acid may be used as a promising organic leaching agent for the environmentalfriendly extraction of REEs from IAREO.展开更多
The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.A...The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.展开更多
AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current resea...AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area.METHODS:Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC;Clarivate)database.Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer(v1.6.18),Pajek(v1.0.0.0),and CiteSpace(v6.1.R2)software.RESULTS:The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023,of which 7482 articles(82%)were original research articles and 1464(18%)were review articles.The United States(2867)and Johns Hopkins University(166)were the most productive country and institution,respectively,but the University College London had the highest h-index(54).The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals.The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery,cyclophotocoagulation,minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS),trabeculectomy,baerveldt,epidemiology,medication adherence,nanoparticle,optical coherence tomography(OCT),gene therapy,and artificial intelligence(AI).Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords.CONCLUSION:This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma.This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.展开更多
This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for ...This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.展开更多
To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains i...To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.展开更多
Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may po...Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.展开更多
Background:Neurological disorders(NDs),including ischemic stroke(IS),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD),are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality.Boswellia extract has demonstrated ne...Background:Neurological disorders(NDs),including ischemic stroke(IS),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD),are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality.Boswellia extract has demonstrated neuroprotective properties,yet a comprehensive systematic review assessing its efficacy remains absent.This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Boswellia extract in treating NDs,with a particular focus on its effects in AD and its potential for long-term neurorestoration,thereby supporting further investigation into Boswellia’s therapeutic role in ND management.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar for English-language studies published up to March 2024.Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024524386).Eligible studies involved rodent models of IS,PD,or AD with post-operative interventions using Boswellia extract.Data extraction focused on mechanisms of action,dosages,treatment durations,and therapeutic outcomes.Studies were excluded if they involved non-ND models,combined treatments,or had incomplete data.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction.Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata(version 17)and RevMan(version 5.4),employing fixed or random-effects models based on heterogeneity assessments.Result s:Boswellia extract significantly improved the mean effect size for NDs(ES=1.28,95%CI(1.05,1.51),P<0.001).Specifically,it reduced cerebral infarct volume in IS(SMD=−2.87,95%CI(−3.42,−2.32))and enhanced behavioral outcomes in AD(SMD=3.26,95%CI(2.07,5.14))and PD(SMD=5.37,95%CI(3.93,6.80)).Subgroup analyses revealed that Boswellia extract exhibited superior efficacy in AD when administered orally and via intra-cerebroventricular injection.Long-term treatment with Boswellia extract suggested potential neurorestorative effects.Additionally,Boswellia extract was more effective than its monomeric constituents,highlighting its promising role in ND treatment.Conclusion:Boswellia extract demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects across various NDs,particularly in AD and in promoting long-term neurorestoration.These findings support the need for further research into Boswellia’s potential as a therapeutic agent in the management of neurological disorders.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen a...The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen and nitrogen led to a decrease in the catalytic performance of chloroaluminate IL.As the water concentration increased to 65 mg·g^(-1),the total selectivity of multi-octylnaphthalene gradually decreased to 42.33%,and the average friction coefficient of the multi-octylnaphthalene base oil gradually increased to 0.201.When the concentration of impurities increased to a critical value,the chloroaluminate IL began to deactivate,leading to a decrease in naphthalene conversion.The critical concentrations for ethanolamine,water,methanol,ether,and diisopentyl sulfide were 33 mg·g^(-1),65 mg·g^(-1),67mg·g^(-1),87 mg·g^(-1),and 123 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Impurities with higher basicity resulted in an earlier onset of chloroaluminate IL deactivation.The changes of Lewis and Brønsted acids in chloroaluminate IL under the influence of impurities were investigated using in situ IR and 27Al NMR spectroscopy.2,6-dimethylpyridine as an indicator could detect the changes of Brønsted acid in chloroaluminate IL better,but the changes of Lewis acid were not obvious because of the overlap between the characteristic peaks.2,6-dichloropyridine as an indicator could exclusively detect the changes of Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL.With the increase inwater concentration,the Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL was continuously consumed and converted into Brønsted acid,and the Lewis acid gradually decreased,while the Brønsted acid showed a change of increasing first and then decreasing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)the Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)the College 20 Project fromJi Nan Science&Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC058).
文摘Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Medical and Health Key(Cultivation)Discipline Construction ProjectGuilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Program Project,No.20210227-7-8.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant tumors in the digestive system is increasing and is a threat to human health.However,the long duration from tumor detection to radical resection,stress responses due to surgical trauma,and insufficient nu-tritional intake increases the risk of malnutrition,immune function reduction,postoperative complications,and intestinal dysfunction among patients.AIM To systematically investigate the association of parenteral nutrition enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)with the nutritional status of patients after gastrointestinal treatment.METHODS Randomized controlled trials associated with PUFA-enriched parenteral nutrition administration in patients with digestive system malignancies were retrieved from online databases such as PubMed,EMBASE,ScienceDirect,Cochrane Li-brary,China Knowledge Network,China VIP,Wanfang,and China Biomedical Literature Database,with the retrieval time from database inception to present.Two researchers independently extracted data.Each article’s bias risk was ass-essed by referring to the Cochrane Handbook version 5.3 criteria and RevMan5.4 was used for data analysis.RESULTS This meta-analysis involved six randomized controlled trials involving a total of 505 cases.Random-effects model analysis indicated remarkably better impro-vements in various inflammatory factors in the study group(P<0.05).Meta-analysis of nutritional indicators revealed that the study group had higher total protein,albumin,and prealbumin levels,as well as lower transferrin levels compared to the control group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,meta-analysis of T-cell subsets revealed no remarkable inter-group difference in post-treatment CD8+cells(P>0.05).Moreover,the meta-analysis identified a notably lower incidence of adverse reactions in the study group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Administration of PUFAs helps improve the nutritional status of patients with digestive malignancies in the perioperative period.It promotes immune function recovery,reduces the inflammatory response,and decreases the risk of adverse effects.These beneficial effects make it worth investigating and promoting their use in ap-propriate patient populations.However,further validation via high-quality studies with long intervention time and extended follow-up periods is required.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Public Research Institutes of Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine(2022JK04).
文摘Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.
基金This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170768)
文摘Larch (Larix olgensis), Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and White birch (Betula platyphylla) are the major planting species in northeast China. The samples of forest litters were collected from the stands of the above 4 species in Laoyeling and Jianlagou experiment stations of Maorshan Exp. Forest Farm (45?2-45?0N, 127?0-127?8E), Northeast Forestry University, in early October 2002. Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were carried out on the organic acids existing in freshly fallen litters (L layer) and hemi-decomposed litters (F layer) of the four forest species by using Gas Chromatogram system. A wide variety of organic acids were identified, including oxalic, malonic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, malic, citric, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:0 acids. In respect of L litters of all samples, the oxalic acid content (over 30 mg/g) was the highest of the seven low-molecular-weight organic acids identified, while the content of oleic or linoleic (above 40 mg/g) was found to be highest among the six high aliphatic acids identified. As to F litters, oxalic acid content was also the highest, followed by linoleic and oleic. For the same tree species or the same forest, the kinds and contents of organic acids in L litters were more abundant than that in F litters.
基金Supported by Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund of Hunan Province(2014RS4010)the Open Fund for Key Horticulture Discipline Research of Hunan Agricultural University(2013YYX021)~~
文摘[Objective] An HPLC method for the determination of caffeoylquinic acid compounds in sweet potato was developed in the present research. Quantitative analysis was performed on 11 sweet potato genotypes to provide a reference for the development and utilization of sweet potato, especial y on the aboveground part. [Method] Caffeoylquinic acid compounds were extracted from sweet potato leaves by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min with 200 volumes of methanol. The mobile phase of HPLC was acetonitrile -0.2% aqueous phosphoric acid. Chlorogenic acid, 4, 5-O-coffeocylquinic acid, 3, 5-O-coffeeacylquinic acid and 3, 4-O-coffeeacylquinic acid were separated wel by gradient elution, with recovery rate of 94.74%, 102.63%, 100.01% and 101.05%, respectively. [Result] The contents of caffeoylquinic acids were significantly different between sweet potato genotypes and tissue parts. Among these compounds, the content of bi-caffeoylquinic acids was the highest in the aboveground part, and the content of chlorogenic acid was the highest in the root tubers. The content of caffeoylquinic acid in different parts of the plant was： 9.77-40.86 mg/g in stem apex, 2.68-13.97 mg/g in mature leaves, 0.56-7.90 mg/g in stems and 0.69-4.33 mg/g in root tubers, respectively. [Conclusion] Sweet potato stems and leaves can be used for the extraction of chlorogenic acid in development and utilization, in which the purple sweet potato series is superior to the non-purple sweet potato series. The performance of the two purple sweet potato materials of 11ZY series is particularly prominent.
文摘Aim and Method Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to a novelseries of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloioindole-2-carboxylic acids to study the relationship betweentheir structure and the affinity for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. Result Hie coefficientsof cross-validation q^2 and non cross-validation r^2 for the model established by the study are0.744 and 0.993, respectively, the value of variance ratio F is 261.343, and standard error estimate(SE) is 0.039. Conclusion These values indicate that the CoMFA model may have a good prediction forthe activity of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloroin-dole-2-carboxylic acids. As a consequence, thepredicted activity values of new designed compounds supports our conclusion from the model.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金Project supported by the Thousand Talents Program of Jiangxi Province,China(JXSQ2023201003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107254)+4 种基金Science and Technology Major Program of Ordos City(2022EEDSKJZDZX014-2)Technological Innovation Guidance Program of Jiangxi Province(20212BDH81029)Rare Earth Industry Fund(IAGM2020DB06)Selfdeployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E055A01)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-CN-2021-3-3)。
文摘The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with the advantage of being environmental-friendly.As one of the organic acids produced by biological metabolism,citric acid was used to leach REEs and explore the performance and process.The results demonstrate that citric acid exhibits higher leaching efficiency(96.00%)for REEs at a relatively low concentration of 0.01 mol/L compared with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(84.29%,0.1 mol/L)and MgSO_(4)(83.99%,0.1 mol/L).Citric acid shows a preference for leaching heavy rare earth elements,with 99%leaching efficiency in IAREO,which shows higher capacity than(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)and MgSO_(4)(as inorganic leaching agents).Kinetic analysis indicates that the leaching process of REEs with citric acid is controlled by both the internal diffusion kinetics and chemical reaction kinetics,which is different from inorganic leaching agents.Visual Minteq calculations confirm that RE-Citrate is the main constituent of the extract solution in the leaching process of the IAREO,thereby enhancing the leaching efficiency of REEs from the IAREO.It suggests that citric acid may be used as a promising organic leaching agent for the environmentalfriendly extraction of REEs from IAREO.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52034002 and U2202254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-TT-19-001)。
文摘The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.
基金Suppotred by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2).
文摘AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area.METHODS:Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC;Clarivate)database.Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer(v1.6.18),Pajek(v1.0.0.0),and CiteSpace(v6.1.R2)software.RESULTS:The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023,of which 7482 articles(82%)were original research articles and 1464(18%)were review articles.The United States(2867)and Johns Hopkins University(166)were the most productive country and institution,respectively,but the University College London had the highest h-index(54).The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals.The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery,cyclophotocoagulation,minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS),trabeculectomy,baerveldt,epidemiology,medication adherence,nanoparticle,optical coherence tomography(OCT),gene therapy,and artificial intelligence(AI).Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords.CONCLUSION:This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma.This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.
基金supported by Istanbul Technical University(Project No.45698)supported through the“Young Researchers’Career Development Project-training of doctoral students”of the Croatian Science Foundation.
文摘This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.
文摘To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021.
文摘Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,specifically through grants(No.8227431382304947)Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2023GHZD43).Peer re v iew information。
文摘Background:Neurological disorders(NDs),including ischemic stroke(IS),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD),are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality.Boswellia extract has demonstrated neuroprotective properties,yet a comprehensive systematic review assessing its efficacy remains absent.This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Boswellia extract in treating NDs,with a particular focus on its effects in AD and its potential for long-term neurorestoration,thereby supporting further investigation into Boswellia’s therapeutic role in ND management.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar for English-language studies published up to March 2024.Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024524386).Eligible studies involved rodent models of IS,PD,or AD with post-operative interventions using Boswellia extract.Data extraction focused on mechanisms of action,dosages,treatment durations,and therapeutic outcomes.Studies were excluded if they involved non-ND models,combined treatments,or had incomplete data.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction.Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata(version 17)and RevMan(version 5.4),employing fixed or random-effects models based on heterogeneity assessments.Result s:Boswellia extract significantly improved the mean effect size for NDs(ES=1.28,95%CI(1.05,1.51),P<0.001).Specifically,it reduced cerebral infarct volume in IS(SMD=−2.87,95%CI(−3.42,−2.32))and enhanced behavioral outcomes in AD(SMD=3.26,95%CI(2.07,5.14))and PD(SMD=5.37,95%CI(3.93,6.80)).Subgroup analyses revealed that Boswellia extract exhibited superior efficacy in AD when administered orally and via intra-cerebroventricular injection.Long-term treatment with Boswellia extract suggested potential neurorestorative effects.Additionally,Boswellia extract was more effective than its monomeric constituents,highlighting its promising role in ND treatment.Conclusion:Boswellia extract demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects across various NDs,particularly in AD and in promoting long-term neurorestoration.These findings support the need for further research into Boswellia’s potential as a therapeutic agent in the management of neurological disorders.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
基金financial support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University (605-50Y17073)
文摘The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen and nitrogen led to a decrease in the catalytic performance of chloroaluminate IL.As the water concentration increased to 65 mg·g^(-1),the total selectivity of multi-octylnaphthalene gradually decreased to 42.33%,and the average friction coefficient of the multi-octylnaphthalene base oil gradually increased to 0.201.When the concentration of impurities increased to a critical value,the chloroaluminate IL began to deactivate,leading to a decrease in naphthalene conversion.The critical concentrations for ethanolamine,water,methanol,ether,and diisopentyl sulfide were 33 mg·g^(-1),65 mg·g^(-1),67mg·g^(-1),87 mg·g^(-1),and 123 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Impurities with higher basicity resulted in an earlier onset of chloroaluminate IL deactivation.The changes of Lewis and Brønsted acids in chloroaluminate IL under the influence of impurities were investigated using in situ IR and 27Al NMR spectroscopy.2,6-dimethylpyridine as an indicator could detect the changes of Brønsted acid in chloroaluminate IL better,but the changes of Lewis acid were not obvious because of the overlap between the characteristic peaks.2,6-dichloropyridine as an indicator could exclusively detect the changes of Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL.With the increase inwater concentration,the Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL was continuously consumed and converted into Brønsted acid,and the Lewis acid gradually decreased,while the Brønsted acid showed a change of increasing first and then decreasing.
