Background: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a genetic disorder of aminoacid metabolism, due to mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid in body fluids. Patients typi...Background: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a genetic disorder of aminoacid metabolism, due to mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid in body fluids. Patients typically present at the age of 1 month to 1 year with dehydration, renal impairment as well as neurologic manifestations viz. seizure, encephalopathy, strokes and disease in the globus pallidi. The case: a 26-year-old man presented with severe acute on top of chronic renal disease with serum creatinine at 590 umol/L and bilateral 8 cm kidneys with thin and echogenic cortex. He had: (a) hypernatremic dehydration, metabolic acidosis and high ammonia level with (b) a history of multiple similar attacks since the age of 8 months. Diagnosis of MMA was confirmed by high serum and urine enzymatic levels as well as genetic testing. His initial management included support with replacements of fluids, electrolytes, and bicarbonates as well as intravenous dextrose, vitamin B12 and broad-spectrum antibiotic (Meropenem) for his chest infection. Subsequently, he received 1) CARBAGLU (carglumic acid) for 7 days to lower his ammonia level to Conclusion: Untreated homozygous MMA variants, can achieve adulthood with significant renal disease yet their morbidity and mortality can be ameliorated with diet and specific therapy.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate changes in neurotransmission induced by a psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in the hippocampus and amygdala of naive rats. METHODS: The level of monoamines, their main metabolites and amino acid neurotr...AIM: To evaluate changes in neurotransmission induced by a psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in the hippocampus and amygdala of naive rats. METHODS: The level of monoamines, their main metabolites and amino acid neurotransmitters concentrations were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Four groups of rats were employed: saline-treated and rats receiving 250, 500 and 800 mg/kg of ayahuasca infusion(gavage). Animals were killed 40 min after drug ingestion and the structures stored at-80 ℃ until HPLC assay. The data from all groups were compared using Analysis of variance and Scheffé as post test and P < 0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: The results showed decreased concentrations of glycine(GLY)(0.13 ± 0.03 vs 0.29 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)(1.07 ± 0.14 vs 1.73 ± 0.25, P < 0.001) in the amygdala of rats that received 500 of ayahuasca. Animals that ingested 800 mg/kg of ayahuasca also showed a reduction of GLY level(0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.29 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and GABA(0.98 ± 0.06 vs 1.73 ± 0.25, P < 0.001). In the hippocampus, increased GABA levels were found in rats that received all ayahuasca doses: 250 mg/kg(1.29 ± 0.19 vs 0.84 ± 0.21, P < 0.05); 500 mg/kg(2.23 ± 038 vs 084 ± 0.21, P < 0.05) and 800 mg/kg(1.98 ± 0.92 vs 0.84 ± 0.21, P < 0.05). In addition, an increased utilization rate of all monoamines was found in the amygdala after ayahuasca administration in doses: 250 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.16 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.01; dopamine: 0.39 ± 0.012 vs 2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.001; serotonin: 1.02 ± 0.22 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001), 500 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.001; dopamine: 0.33 ± 0.19 vs 2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.001; serotonin: 0.59 ± 0.08 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001) and 800 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.16 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.001; dopamine: 0.84 ± 0.65 vs2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.05; serotonin: 0.36 ± 0.02 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest increased release of inhibitory amino acids by the hippocampus and an increased utilization rate of monoamines by the amygdala after different doses of ayahuasca ingestion.展开更多
Background:There are few detailed consensus and guidelines on perioperative clinical characteristicsof liver transplantation(LT)in patients with methylmalonic acidemia(MMA).This retrospective studyinvestigated details...Background:There are few detailed consensus and guidelines on perioperative clinical characteristicsof liver transplantation(LT)in patients with methylmalonic acidemia(MMA).This retrospective studyinvestigated details of the clinical course and individualized treatment plan of the center with largestexperience in China.Methods:A total of 7 MMA patients undergoing LT in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2013 toDecember 2017 were enrolled in the study,whose clinical data(clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,chronological changes in urine MMA levels,treatment,etc.)during perioperative period were analyzedretrospectively.All the patients received strict postoperative management.Results:All the 7 cases were confirmed to have isolated MMA,among which,3 cases received livingdonor liver transplantation(LDLT),4 cases received deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT).A wildfluctuate of metabolic condition was observed within the first few days after surgery and two weeks afterLT,the mean base excess of blood value(BE-B)restored to normal whereas plasma bicarbonate(HCO3-)was still below normal value even with intermittent sodium bicarbonate correction.It also showed markedreduction in propionylcarnitine(C3)and C3/C2 level and the mean urine MMA by gas chromatographymassspectrometry(GC-MS)was reduced by 81.7%(P<0.01)but remained>72×higher than upper limitof normal.The metabolism-correcting medications were administered as before.The renal function ofone case with renal insufficiency before LT(serum creatinine rising)maintained stable by adjusting theimmunosuppressive regimen during the observation period.All patients survive to date.Conclusions:LT is an effective treatment to prevent metabolic crisis,but patients with MMA tend to bemetabolically fragile even after surgery.During perioperative period,close monitoring should be given foracidosis episodes so as to implement sodium bicarbonate correction.Metabolism-correcting medications arestill needed.Special immunosuppressive regimen is an effective way of maintaining renal function for thosewith kidney dysfunction.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylat...Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.展开更多
Three zinc(Ⅱ),nickel(Ⅱ),and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Zn(μ-Htpta)(py)_(2)]n(1),[Ni(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)2][Ni(tpta)(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)]2·3H_(2)O(2),and[Cd_(3)(μ4-tpta)2(μ-dpe)_(3)]_(n)(3),have been construc...Three zinc(Ⅱ),nickel(Ⅱ),and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Zn(μ-Htpta)(py)_(2)]n(1),[Ni(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)2][Ni(tpta)(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)]2·3H_(2)O(2),and[Cd_(3)(μ4-tpta)2(μ-dpe)_(3)]_(n)(3),have been constructed hydrothermally at 160℃ using H_(3)tpta([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-4,4',5'-tricarboxylic acid),py(pyridine),H_(2)biim(2,2'-biimidazole),dpe(1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene),and zinc,nickel and cadmium chlorides,resulting in the formation of stable crystalline solids which were subsequently analyzed using infrared spectroscopy,element analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,as well as structural analyses conducted via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The findings from these single-crystal Xray diffraction studies indicate that complexes 1-3 form crystals within the monoclinic system P2_(1)/c space group(1)or triclinic system P1 space group(2 and 3),and possess 1D,0D,and 3D structures,respectively.Complex 1 demonstrated substantial catalytic efficiency and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of Knoevenagel condensation under ambient temperature conditions.In addition,complex 1 also showcased notable anti-wear performance when used in polyalphaolefin synthetic lubricants.CCDC:2449810,1;2449811,2;2449812,3.展开更多
Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully construct...Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.展开更多
In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using at...In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),the molecular configurations of surface carboxyl groups(COOH),free carboxyl(COOH_(f))and hydrogen-bonded carboxyl(COOH_(HB),were directly correlated with the polar component of surface energy(γ^(s,p)).By decomposing theγ^(s,p)values of the PAA thin films as a sum of the contributions of COOH_(f)and COOH_(H B),the intrinsic polar component of surface energy of COOH_(H B)(γ_(H B)^(s,p*))was quantified for the first time as 8.34 mN/m,significantly lower than that of COOH_(f)(γ_(f)^(s,p*)=34 mN/m).This result highlights that hydrogen bonding markedly reduces theγ^(s,p),providing a rational explanation for the relatively large water contact angle observed on PAA thin films.Furthermore,it establishes a thermodynamic basis for estimating the fraction of surface COOH_(H B)groups(f H B)from wettability measurements.Further extension of the model to carboxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers(COOH-SAMs)revealed that surface COOH density(ΣCOOH)critically regulates wetting behavior:whenΣCOOH ranges from 4.30 to 5.25 nm^(-2),COOH groups predominantly exist in a free state and facilitate effective hydration layers,thereby promoting superhydrophilicity.Overall,this study not only establishes a unified thermodynamic framework linking surface COOH configurations to macroscopic wettability,but also validates its universality by extending it to COOH-SAMs systems,thereby providing a unified theoretical framework for the controllable design of hydrophilicity in various COOH-functionalized surfaces.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,whi...Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a severe neurological disease with high global mortality and disability rates.Atherosclerosis has been identified as the primary cause of ischemic stroke,while abnormal lipid levels are significant ...Ischemic stroke is a severe neurological disease with high global mortality and disability rates.Atherosclerosis has been identified as the primary cause of ischemic stroke,while abnormal lipid levels are significant contributors to the development of this condition.Multiple pro-apoptotic mechanisms are involved in ischemic stroke caused by lipid metabolism disorders,while various lipids have a strong causal relationship with neuronal apoptosis.However,studies to date have focused on the individual roles of lipid metabolism and apoptosis in ischemic stroke,and an overview of how impaired lipid metabolism leads to apoptosis in ischemic stroke is still lacking in the literature.In this review,we summarize current research on lipids in ischemic stroke.We discuss the role of lipid metabolism in accelerating apoptosis in ischemic stroke as well as the associated mechanisms.Additionally,we highlight advances in drug development and the treatment of stroke,focusing on lipid metabolism.The purpose is to provide novel ideas and strategies for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenes...Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.展开更多
Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid...Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.展开更多
Sargassum muticum is a globally distributed seaweed with high economic potential,yet its detailed nutritional composition remains undercharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the nutritional profiles of five thallus p...Sargassum muticum is a globally distributed seaweed with high economic potential,yet its detailed nutritional composition remains undercharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the nutritional profiles of five thallus portions,namely apical fronds,middle fronds,basal fronds,receptacles and air bladders,to assess their economic value accordingly.Results showed that middle fronds had the highest crude protein(31.98%)and crude fiber(7.10%)contents,indicating their suitability for protein-rich functional foods or dietary fiber supplements.Receptacles exhibited the highest levels of crude lipid(1.11%)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(123.01mg/g),suggesting potential for bioactive lipid extraction in nutraceutical applications.By contrast,basal fronds were enriched in saturated(86.41 mg/g)and monounsaturated fatty acids(38.38 mg/g).The essential amino acid index ranged from 0.74 to 0.87,and total amino acid content peaked in middle fronds(77.90 mg/g),highlighting their high protein quality.Apical fronds had the highest calcium content(15611.95 mg/kg),and receptacles contained the highest phosphorus content(1224.45 mg/kg),supporting targeted mineral supplementation.The maximum concentrations of all trace elements were found in receptacles,reinforcing their pharmaceutical potential.This study provides foundational data on the nutrient composition of different thallus parts of S.muticum,which may support future research and potential utilization efforts in China.展开更多
In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced o...In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced oxidized oil to induce neurodamage.Behavioral assessments revealed that both the linoleic acid and AUDA(a classical inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase)groups exhibited significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors compared to the model group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that microglial activation in the hippocampus was attenuated in both the linoleic acid and AUDA groups relative to the model group,accompanied by a reduction in the m RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,NOS2,TNF-α)and an upregulation of neuroprotective factors(IL-4,IL-10,BDNF).Lipidomic profiling of hippocampal tissue revealed that the lipid composition of the linoleic acid group closely resembled that of the AUDA group,with a significant downregulation of cardiolipin(CL)compared to the control group,consistent with alterations in the membrane potential channel receptor TRPC1.Both linoleic acid and AUDA inhibited the m RNA expression of EPHX2,leading to an increase in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)levels.Furthermore,linoleic acid upregulated the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYP2J6)and lipoxygenase(LOX2S),which further upregulated the synthesis of EETs,and increased the content of 9-HODE and 13-HODE.These findings collectively suggest that linoleic acid alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial differentiation and attenuates neurodegeneration induced by thermally oxidized oil through the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and the linoleic acid metabolic pathway,leading to the production of neuroprotective lipid mediators.Therefore,linoleic acid may serve as a potential neuro-nutrient for the treatment of anxiety disorders.This provided a scientific basis for the development of specialized medical foods aimed at protecting neural health.展开更多
Clay minerals play a crucial role in catalyzing kerogen to form hydrocarbons,significantly influencing petroleum system evolution.Montmorillonite(MT)dehydrates upon heating;however,the catalytic mechanisms governing t...Clay minerals play a crucial role in catalyzing kerogen to form hydrocarbons,significantly influencing petroleum system evolution.Montmorillonite(MT)dehydrates upon heating;however,the catalytic mechanisms governing the thermal decomposition of organic matter at different dehydration levels remain unclear.Additionally,the mechanism by which external water suppresses MT’s catalytic efficiency remains debated.To resolve this issue,this study conducted pyrolysis simulation experiments(340℃,10 days)with various combinations of octadecanoic acid(OA),water,hydrochloric acid(HCl)solution,MT,dehydrated-MT,and illite.We integrated mineral/organic transformation analyses(XRD/FTIR/SSNMR/SEM),temperature-dependent characterization of solid acid sites(NH 3-TPD/FTIR),and quantitative product measurements(GC/GC-MS)to elucidate how clay-bound water and external water differentially regulate organic-matter cracking pathways.The results suggest that clay-bound water controls reaction pathways by tuning both the type(Brønsted vs.Lewis)and density of solid acid sites.External water inhibits catalytic efficiency by reducing direct contact between organic matter and solid acid sites.Compared with untreated MT,150°C-dehydrated MT-OA system exhibited strong interlayer water polarization,which increased Brønsted acid site density and enhanced the carbonium-ion mechanism,thereby promoting isoalkane production.In contrast,250℃-dehydrated MT-OA system,where interlayer water was nearly eliminated,had fewer Brønsted acid sites but greater exposure of Lewis acid sites,facilitating decarboxylation and increasing CO_(2) production.In hydrous systems,the addition of HCl solution did not enhance the carbonium-ion mechanism compared to the hydrous system with only water,indicating that only protons bound to solid acid sites,rather than liquid H+in water,can trigger the carbonium-ion reaction.This shows that the catalysis of organic-matter cracking by clay minerals such as MT is fundamentally an interfacial chemical process that requires direct mineral-organic contact;the presence of external water reduces catalytic efficiency primarily by physically separating OA from MT and hindering that contact.This study elucidates the controlling mechanisms of MT-catalyzed thermal cracking under different water conditions and deepens our understanding of hydrocarbon-generation pathways during kerogen maturation in sedimentary basins.展开更多
The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes...The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.展开更多
Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment ...Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment sausages and investigated the flavor turnover.During the fermentation of salami,the data from free amino acids(FAAs),free fatty acids(FFAs)and volatile flavor substances were used to assess the quality of salami.At the end of fermentation,the total FAAs increased from 1171.32 to 4582.48 mg/kg in the control group and 5053.25 mg/kg in the experimental group.Additionally,following inoculation with the mixed starter culture,the levels of glutamic acid,lysine,methionine,valine and leucine were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in the control group.Oleic acid(C_(18:1))and chondritic acid(C_(16:0))were the two most abundant FFAs in both salami samples with 45.86%and 26.07%on the 23^(th)day in mixed culture inoculated salami.The mixed starter inoculated group had significantly lower saturated fatty acids and higher percentage levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than the control group(P<0.05).In the volatile flavor substance analysis,a total of 61 volatile compounds were found.Ester compounds were progressively enriched with drying time,significantly increasing the flavor substances,like ethyl diphosgene,1-octen-3-ol,and 2,3-butanediol at P<0.05.The correlation analysis between the core flora and volatile flavor compounds during fermentation and maturation of salami indicates Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were significantly higher and positively correlated with the major volatile organic compounds,which are the key core microorganisms affecting the flavor quality of fermented sausages.展开更多
文摘Background: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a genetic disorder of aminoacid metabolism, due to mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid in body fluids. Patients typically present at the age of 1 month to 1 year with dehydration, renal impairment as well as neurologic manifestations viz. seizure, encephalopathy, strokes and disease in the globus pallidi. The case: a 26-year-old man presented with severe acute on top of chronic renal disease with serum creatinine at 590 umol/L and bilateral 8 cm kidneys with thin and echogenic cortex. He had: (a) hypernatremic dehydration, metabolic acidosis and high ammonia level with (b) a history of multiple similar attacks since the age of 8 months. Diagnosis of MMA was confirmed by high serum and urine enzymatic levels as well as genetic testing. His initial management included support with replacements of fluids, electrolytes, and bicarbonates as well as intravenous dextrose, vitamin B12 and broad-spectrum antibiotic (Meropenem) for his chest infection. Subsequently, he received 1) CARBAGLU (carglumic acid) for 7 days to lower his ammonia level to Conclusion: Untreated homozygous MMA variants, can achieve adulthood with significant renal disease yet their morbidity and mortality can be ameliorated with diet and specific therapy.
基金Supported by Funda o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S o PauloCoordena o de Aperfei oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior+1 种基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoInstituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional
文摘AIM: To evaluate changes in neurotransmission induced by a psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in the hippocampus and amygdala of naive rats. METHODS: The level of monoamines, their main metabolites and amino acid neurotransmitters concentrations were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Four groups of rats were employed: saline-treated and rats receiving 250, 500 and 800 mg/kg of ayahuasca infusion(gavage). Animals were killed 40 min after drug ingestion and the structures stored at-80 ℃ until HPLC assay. The data from all groups were compared using Analysis of variance and Scheffé as post test and P < 0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: The results showed decreased concentrations of glycine(GLY)(0.13 ± 0.03 vs 0.29 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)(1.07 ± 0.14 vs 1.73 ± 0.25, P < 0.001) in the amygdala of rats that received 500 of ayahuasca. Animals that ingested 800 mg/kg of ayahuasca also showed a reduction of GLY level(0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.29 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and GABA(0.98 ± 0.06 vs 1.73 ± 0.25, P < 0.001). In the hippocampus, increased GABA levels were found in rats that received all ayahuasca doses: 250 mg/kg(1.29 ± 0.19 vs 0.84 ± 0.21, P < 0.05); 500 mg/kg(2.23 ± 038 vs 084 ± 0.21, P < 0.05) and 800 mg/kg(1.98 ± 0.92 vs 0.84 ± 0.21, P < 0.05). In addition, an increased utilization rate of all monoamines was found in the amygdala after ayahuasca administration in doses: 250 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.16 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.01; dopamine: 0.39 ± 0.012 vs 2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.001; serotonin: 1.02 ± 0.22 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001), 500 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.001; dopamine: 0.33 ± 0.19 vs 2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.001; serotonin: 0.59 ± 0.08 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001) and 800 mg/kg(noradrenaline: 0.16 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.001; dopamine: 0.84 ± 0.65 vs2.39 ± 0.84, P < 0.05; serotonin: 0.36 ± 0.02 vs 4.04 ± 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest increased release of inhibitory amino acids by the hippocampus and an increased utilization rate of monoamines by the amygdala after different doses of ayahuasca ingestion.
基金This work was supported by The Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2016-1-2021)and Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Ascent Plan(Code:DFL20150101).
文摘Background:There are few detailed consensus and guidelines on perioperative clinical characteristicsof liver transplantation(LT)in patients with methylmalonic acidemia(MMA).This retrospective studyinvestigated details of the clinical course and individualized treatment plan of the center with largestexperience in China.Methods:A total of 7 MMA patients undergoing LT in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2013 toDecember 2017 were enrolled in the study,whose clinical data(clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,chronological changes in urine MMA levels,treatment,etc.)during perioperative period were analyzedretrospectively.All the patients received strict postoperative management.Results:All the 7 cases were confirmed to have isolated MMA,among which,3 cases received livingdonor liver transplantation(LDLT),4 cases received deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT).A wildfluctuate of metabolic condition was observed within the first few days after surgery and two weeks afterLT,the mean base excess of blood value(BE-B)restored to normal whereas plasma bicarbonate(HCO3-)was still below normal value even with intermittent sodium bicarbonate correction.It also showed markedreduction in propionylcarnitine(C3)and C3/C2 level and the mean urine MMA by gas chromatographymassspectrometry(GC-MS)was reduced by 81.7%(P<0.01)but remained>72×higher than upper limitof normal.The metabolism-correcting medications were administered as before.The renal function ofone case with renal insufficiency before LT(serum creatinine rising)maintained stable by adjusting theimmunosuppressive regimen during the observation period.All patients survive to date.Conclusions:LT is an effective treatment to prevent metabolic crisis,but patients with MMA tend to bemetabolically fragile even after surgery.During perioperative period,close monitoring should be given foracidosis episodes so as to implement sodium bicarbonate correction.Metabolism-correcting medications arestill needed.Special immunosuppressive regimen is an effective way of maintaining renal function for thosewith kidney dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金Supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFB4201800)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130610)。
文摘Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.
文摘Three zinc(Ⅱ),nickel(Ⅱ),and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Zn(μ-Htpta)(py)_(2)]n(1),[Ni(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)2][Ni(tpta)(H_(2)biim)2(H_(2)O)]2·3H_(2)O(2),and[Cd_(3)(μ4-tpta)2(μ-dpe)_(3)]_(n)(3),have been constructed hydrothermally at 160℃ using H_(3)tpta([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-4,4',5'-tricarboxylic acid),py(pyridine),H_(2)biim(2,2'-biimidazole),dpe(1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene),and zinc,nickel and cadmium chlorides,resulting in the formation of stable crystalline solids which were subsequently analyzed using infrared spectroscopy,element analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,as well as structural analyses conducted via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The findings from these single-crystal Xray diffraction studies indicate that complexes 1-3 form crystals within the monoclinic system P2_(1)/c space group(1)or triclinic system P1 space group(2 and 3),and possess 1D,0D,and 3D structures,respectively.Complex 1 demonstrated substantial catalytic efficiency and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of Knoevenagel condensation under ambient temperature conditions.In addition,complex 1 also showcased notable anti-wear performance when used in polyalphaolefin synthetic lubricants.CCDC:2449810,1;2449811,2;2449812,3.
文摘Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.
文摘In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),the molecular configurations of surface carboxyl groups(COOH),free carboxyl(COOH_(f))and hydrogen-bonded carboxyl(COOH_(HB),were directly correlated with the polar component of surface energy(γ^(s,p)).By decomposing theγ^(s,p)values of the PAA thin films as a sum of the contributions of COOH_(f)and COOH_(H B),the intrinsic polar component of surface energy of COOH_(H B)(γ_(H B)^(s,p*))was quantified for the first time as 8.34 mN/m,significantly lower than that of COOH_(f)(γ_(f)^(s,p*)=34 mN/m).This result highlights that hydrogen bonding markedly reduces theγ^(s,p),providing a rational explanation for the relatively large water contact angle observed on PAA thin films.Furthermore,it establishes a thermodynamic basis for estimating the fraction of surface COOH_(H B)groups(f H B)from wettability measurements.Further extension of the model to carboxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers(COOH-SAMs)revealed that surface COOH density(ΣCOOH)critically regulates wetting behavior:whenΣCOOH ranges from 4.30 to 5.25 nm^(-2),COOH groups predominantly exist in a free state and facilitate effective hydration layers,thereby promoting superhydrophilicity.Overall,this study not only establishes a unified thermodynamic framework linking surface COOH configurations to macroscopic wettability,but also validates its universality by extending it to COOH-SAMs systems,thereby providing a unified theoretical framework for the controllable design of hydrophilicity in various COOH-functionalized surfaces.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31871169(to YT),32471179(to AW)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2021JJ30601(to AW)Key Program of Education Department of Hunan Province,No.21A0274(to AW).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a severe neurological disease with high global mortality and disability rates.Atherosclerosis has been identified as the primary cause of ischemic stroke,while abnormal lipid levels are significant contributors to the development of this condition.Multiple pro-apoptotic mechanisms are involved in ischemic stroke caused by lipid metabolism disorders,while various lipids have a strong causal relationship with neuronal apoptosis.However,studies to date have focused on the individual roles of lipid metabolism and apoptosis in ischemic stroke,and an overview of how impaired lipid metabolism leads to apoptosis in ischemic stroke is still lacking in the literature.In this review,we summarize current research on lipids in ischemic stroke.We discuss the role of lipid metabolism in accelerating apoptosis in ischemic stroke as well as the associated mechanisms.Additionally,we highlight advances in drug development and the treatment of stroke,focusing on lipid metabolism.The purpose is to provide novel ideas and strategies for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(grant number 32422082)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(grant number 2025JC-QYXQ-009)。
文摘Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202715)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.23DAA00403)Double first-class discipline promotion project under grant(No.2023B10564001)。
文摘Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFD2400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32402995)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211067)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.202262002)。
文摘Sargassum muticum is a globally distributed seaweed with high economic potential,yet its detailed nutritional composition remains undercharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the nutritional profiles of five thallus portions,namely apical fronds,middle fronds,basal fronds,receptacles and air bladders,to assess their economic value accordingly.Results showed that middle fronds had the highest crude protein(31.98%)and crude fiber(7.10%)contents,indicating their suitability for protein-rich functional foods or dietary fiber supplements.Receptacles exhibited the highest levels of crude lipid(1.11%)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(123.01mg/g),suggesting potential for bioactive lipid extraction in nutraceutical applications.By contrast,basal fronds were enriched in saturated(86.41 mg/g)and monounsaturated fatty acids(38.38 mg/g).The essential amino acid index ranged from 0.74 to 0.87,and total amino acid content peaked in middle fronds(77.90 mg/g),highlighting their high protein quality.Apical fronds had the highest calcium content(15611.95 mg/kg),and receptacles contained the highest phosphorus content(1224.45 mg/kg),supporting targeted mineral supplementation.The maximum concentrations of all trace elements were found in receptacles,reinforcing their pharmaceutical potential.This study provides foundational data on the nutrient composition of different thallus parts of S.muticum,which may support future research and potential utilization efforts in China.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100300)Pilot Research Project of Wuxi Industrial Innovation Research Institute(XD24019).
文摘In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced oxidized oil to induce neurodamage.Behavioral assessments revealed that both the linoleic acid and AUDA(a classical inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase)groups exhibited significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors compared to the model group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that microglial activation in the hippocampus was attenuated in both the linoleic acid and AUDA groups relative to the model group,accompanied by a reduction in the m RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,NOS2,TNF-α)and an upregulation of neuroprotective factors(IL-4,IL-10,BDNF).Lipidomic profiling of hippocampal tissue revealed that the lipid composition of the linoleic acid group closely resembled that of the AUDA group,with a significant downregulation of cardiolipin(CL)compared to the control group,consistent with alterations in the membrane potential channel receptor TRPC1.Both linoleic acid and AUDA inhibited the m RNA expression of EPHX2,leading to an increase in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)levels.Furthermore,linoleic acid upregulated the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYP2J6)and lipoxygenase(LOX2S),which further upregulated the synthesis of EETs,and increased the content of 9-HODE and 13-HODE.These findings collectively suggest that linoleic acid alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial differentiation and attenuates neurodegeneration induced by thermally oxidized oil through the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and the linoleic acid metabolic pathway,leading to the production of neuroprotective lipid mediators.Therefore,linoleic acid may serve as a potential neuro-nutrient for the treatment of anxiety disorders.This provided a scientific basis for the development of specialized medical foods aimed at protecting neural health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42488101 and 42222208)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2024CXPT076)the Deep Earth National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1001002).
文摘Clay minerals play a crucial role in catalyzing kerogen to form hydrocarbons,significantly influencing petroleum system evolution.Montmorillonite(MT)dehydrates upon heating;however,the catalytic mechanisms governing the thermal decomposition of organic matter at different dehydration levels remain unclear.Additionally,the mechanism by which external water suppresses MT’s catalytic efficiency remains debated.To resolve this issue,this study conducted pyrolysis simulation experiments(340℃,10 days)with various combinations of octadecanoic acid(OA),water,hydrochloric acid(HCl)solution,MT,dehydrated-MT,and illite.We integrated mineral/organic transformation analyses(XRD/FTIR/SSNMR/SEM),temperature-dependent characterization of solid acid sites(NH 3-TPD/FTIR),and quantitative product measurements(GC/GC-MS)to elucidate how clay-bound water and external water differentially regulate organic-matter cracking pathways.The results suggest that clay-bound water controls reaction pathways by tuning both the type(Brønsted vs.Lewis)and density of solid acid sites.External water inhibits catalytic efficiency by reducing direct contact between organic matter and solid acid sites.Compared with untreated MT,150°C-dehydrated MT-OA system exhibited strong interlayer water polarization,which increased Brønsted acid site density and enhanced the carbonium-ion mechanism,thereby promoting isoalkane production.In contrast,250℃-dehydrated MT-OA system,where interlayer water was nearly eliminated,had fewer Brønsted acid sites but greater exposure of Lewis acid sites,facilitating decarboxylation and increasing CO_(2) production.In hydrous systems,the addition of HCl solution did not enhance the carbonium-ion mechanism compared to the hydrous system with only water,indicating that only protons bound to solid acid sites,rather than liquid H+in water,can trigger the carbonium-ion reaction.This shows that the catalysis of organic-matter cracking by clay minerals such as MT is fundamentally an interfacial chemical process that requires direct mineral-organic contact;the presence of external water reduces catalytic efficiency primarily by physically separating OA from MT and hindering that contact.This study elucidates the controlling mechanisms of MT-catalyzed thermal cracking under different water conditions and deepens our understanding of hydrocarbon-generation pathways during kerogen maturation in sedimentary basins.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1001500)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0007,2024NSFSC0298,SCCXTD-2025-8)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32421005)。
文摘The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100104)Henan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Fund(231100110400).
文摘Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment sausages and investigated the flavor turnover.During the fermentation of salami,the data from free amino acids(FAAs),free fatty acids(FFAs)and volatile flavor substances were used to assess the quality of salami.At the end of fermentation,the total FAAs increased from 1171.32 to 4582.48 mg/kg in the control group and 5053.25 mg/kg in the experimental group.Additionally,following inoculation with the mixed starter culture,the levels of glutamic acid,lysine,methionine,valine and leucine were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in the control group.Oleic acid(C_(18:1))and chondritic acid(C_(16:0))were the two most abundant FFAs in both salami samples with 45.86%and 26.07%on the 23^(th)day in mixed culture inoculated salami.The mixed starter inoculated group had significantly lower saturated fatty acids and higher percentage levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than the control group(P<0.05).In the volatile flavor substance analysis,a total of 61 volatile compounds were found.Ester compounds were progressively enriched with drying time,significantly increasing the flavor substances,like ethyl diphosgene,1-octen-3-ol,and 2,3-butanediol at P<0.05.The correlation analysis between the core flora and volatile flavor compounds during fermentation and maturation of salami indicates Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were significantly higher and positively correlated with the major volatile organic compounds,which are the key core microorganisms affecting the flavor quality of fermented sausages.
