Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo developm...Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.展开更多
A practical approach was introduced to study the inclusion mechanism of chlorine in high purity copper electrorefining from nitric acid system via cyclic voltammetry(CV) combined with electrodeposition experiments. Th...A practical approach was introduced to study the inclusion mechanism of chlorine in high purity copper electrorefining from nitric acid system via cyclic voltammetry(CV) combined with electrodeposition experiments. The CV curves display an obvious reduction peak of Cu Cl intermediate, which can provide an insight into the electrochemical behavior of this inclusion. Experimental results show that the increase of HNO3 concentration is favorable to reducing the quantity of chlorine inclusion although there is a slight decline in cathodic current efficiency. The optimum conditions for copper electrorefining in nitric acid system are HNO3 concentration in solution of 1-2 mol/L, moderate temperature of ~35 ℃ with current density not exceeding 25 m A/cm2. Based on the theoretical studies, an optimized copper electrorefining experiment was designed to simulate the industrial electrolysis, by which high purity copper can be obtained with chlorine inclusion less than 10 μg/g and current efficiency higher than 90%.展开更多
A new hydrometallurgical process based on the methanesulfonic acid system was proposed to extract the bismuth efficiently from by-products of lead smelting.The bismuth extraction process included electrorefining,oxida...A new hydrometallurgical process based on the methanesulfonic acid system was proposed to extract the bismuth efficiently from by-products of lead smelting.The bismuth extraction process included electrorefining,oxidation leaching,and electrodeposition.The optimum conditions of the bismuth extraction process were determined by a single-factor test.The bismuth plate with a purity of 99.8%was obtained under the optimum conditions.Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were applied to investigating the cathode reaction mechanism of electrorefining.The results show that lead deposition,bismuth deposition,and hydrogen evolution occur at the cathode,and the reactions of metals deposition are irreversible and diffusion-controlled.In addition,decreasing the temperature and acidity can improve the purity of the cathodic product(lead powder)in the electrorefining process.展开更多
The azides were reduced to the corresponding amines by two new metal/Lewis acid systems in water or in aqueous EtOH in yields ranging from 80%-95%. The reaction rates were faster in water than in aqueous EtOH in most...The azides were reduced to the corresponding amines by two new metal/Lewis acid systems in water or in aqueous EtOH in yields ranging from 80%-95%. The reaction rates were faster in water than in aqueous EtOH in most cases. All 16 azides with different functional groups were well reduced to the corresponding amines in excellent yields and reaction rates.展开更多
When the conventional sandstone acidizing technologies are adopted,many slugs are needed in the injection of prepad fluid,treatment fluid and postpad fluid,and consequently the production and operation suffers inconve...When the conventional sandstone acidizing technologies are adopted,many slugs are needed in the injection of prepad fluid,treatment fluid and postpad fluid,and consequently the production and operation suffers inconveniences and difficulties.In view of this,a kind of HA integrated acid system which is mainly composed of organic polybasic acids(HA)+HCl+HF and an efficient organic solvent was developed in this paper based on the idea of integrated acid replacing"multiple steps"and high efficiency and intensification.Via this HA integrated acid system,the complicated blockage in sandstone reservoirs can be removed effectively.Then,experiments were carried out on this system to evaluate its performance in terms of its retardance,organic blockage dissolution,chelating and precipitation inhibition.It is indicated that this new system can not only realize the acidizing of conventional integrated acid,but also present a good retarding performance by controlling Ht multi-stage ionization step by step and by forming silica acid-aluminum phosphonate film on the surface of clay minerals;that via this new HA integrated acid system,the organic blockage can be removed efficiently;and that it is wider in pH solution range than conventional APCs(aminopolycarboxyliates)chelants,stronger in chelating capacity of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and Fe^(3+)than conventional chelants(e.g.EDTA,NTA and DTPA),and better in precipitation inhibition on metal fluoride,fluosilicic acid alkali metal,fluoaluminic acid alkali metal and hydroxide than multihydrogen acid,fluoboric acid and mud acid systems.These research results provide a technical support for the plugging removal in hightemperature deep oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or...The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or hyperuricemia among US adults and to explore the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the associations.A total of 10,307 US adults were conducted to assess the associations of seven urinary hydroxy–PAH with SUA and hyperuricemia and evaluate the role of C-reactive protein(CRP),a biomarker of systemic inflammation,in such associations.Results showed that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed 2-hydroxynaphthalene(2-OHNa),1-hydroxyphenanthrene(1-OHPh),2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene(2&3-OHPh)and total hydroxyphenanthrene(OHPh)was associated with a 1.68(95%confidence interval(CI):0.19 to 3.17),2.46(0.78 to 4.13),3.34(1.59 to 5.09),and 2.99(1.23 to 4.75)μmol/L increase in SUA,and a 8%(odds ratio(OR):1.08,1.02 to 1.15),9%(OR:1.09,1.02 to 1.18),13%(OR:1.13,1.05 to 1.22),and 12%(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03,1.21)increase in hyperuricemia,respectively.Co-exposure of seven PAHs was positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia,with 2&3-OHPh showing the highest weight(components weights:0.83 and 0.78,respectively).The CRP mediated 11.47%and 10.44%of the associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with SUA and mediated 8.60%and 8.62%in associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,internal levels of PAH metabolites were associated with elevated SUA levels and the increased risk of hyperuricemia among US adults,and CRP played a mediating role in the associations.展开更多
Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this...Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this purpose.By adding 3%(mass fraction)AlCl_(3)and 0.9%(mass fraction)PTA to the coal tar pitch,approximately 90%mesophase was synthesized.The product(M-3-0.9)had a high stacking order(L_(c)=3.1 nm,n=10.14)and aromaticity(0.942).By adding PTA,a larger anisotropy content was produced using a smaller amount of AlCl_(3).The PTA participated in the polycondensation reaction through its own benzene ring structure to increase the catalytic activity.However,when its content was higher than 1.5%,the number of oxygen-containing groups in the product increased which was unfavorable for the aromatic lamellar stacking and gave rise to more isotropic structures.The work opens up a new way to prepare mesophase by a catalytic method.展开更多
Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to...Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.展开更多
The health effects of traffic-derived pollutants have gathered increasing concerns.Our objectives were to evaluate the associations of traffic-related heavy metal exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)and hyperuricemia an...The health effects of traffic-derived pollutants have gathered increasing concerns.Our objectives were to evaluate the associations of traffic-related heavy metal exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)and hyperuricemia and to explore the underlying mechanism.Traffic-related heavy metals(including zinc,iron,manganese,copper,lead,cadmium,antimony,and barium)and SUA were determined among 3909 community-based adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort.Various regression methods were applied to assess the association of heavy metals with SUA and hyperuricemia.Furthermore,mediation analyses were employed to evaluate the potential role of systemic inflammation in these associations.In single metal analyses,positive dose-response relationships between urinary zinc,iron,manganese,and antimony and SUA were observed.Furthermore,each 1-unit increase of ln-transformed urinary zinc levels was related to a 37.9%(OR=1.379,95%CI:1.148 to 1.657)increase in the hyperuricemia risk.In multiple metal analyses,both Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)and weighted quantile sum regression(WQS)models showed positive associations of heavy metals mixture with SUA and hyperuricemia risk,and WQS analyses further revealed that zinc was the dominant metal(component weight:0.611 and 0.594,respectively).Additionally,plasma C-reactive protein(CRP)mediated 4.919%and 8.417%of the association of urinary zinc with SUA and hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,exposure to several traffic-related heavy metals or traffic-related heavy metal mixtures were positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia risk in the general Chinese population,in which zinc played a dominating role.Plasma CRP might partly mediate the association of urinary zinc with SUA and hyperuricemia risk.展开更多
Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense ...Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense responses,but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.In this study,micrografting,in vivo imaging of Ca^(2+)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),quantification of jasmonic acid(JA)and defensive metabolites,and bioassay were used to study how Arabidopsis seedlings regulate systemic responses in leaves after hypocotyls are wounded.We show that wounding hypocotyls rapidly activated both Ca^(2+)and ROS signals in leaves.RBOHD,which functions to produce ROS,along with two glutamate receptors GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,but not individually RBOHD or GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,in hypocotyls regulate the dynamics of systemic Ca^(2+)signals in leaves.In line with the systemic Ca^(2+)signals,after wounding hypocotyl,RBOHD,GLR3.3,and GLR3.6 in hypocotyl also cooperatively regulate the transcriptome,hormone jasmonic acid,and defensive secondary metabolites in leaves of Arabidopsis seedlings,thus controlling the systemic resistance to insects.Unlike leaf-to-leaf systemic signaling,this study reveals the unique regulation of wounding-induced hypocotyl-to-leaf systemic signaling and sheds new light on how different plant organs use complex signaling pathways to modulate defense responses.展开更多
With the acceleration of the energy transition,new synthetic routes for converting alkanes into highvalue products are emerging.However,the thermal safety of these new routes may not have been fully considered,potenti...With the acceleration of the energy transition,new synthetic routes for converting alkanes into highvalue products are emerging.However,the thermal safety of these new routes may not have been fully considered,potentially leading to dangers during the optimization of reaction conditions.This study reports,for the first time,a reactor explosion incident during the experiment of a new synthetic route for adipic acid:nitric acid oxidation of n-hexane.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),accelerating rate calorimetry(ARC),and corrective calculations were used to investigate the cause of the explosion.The results indicate that the polyparaphenol(PPL) liner material,which was used for the first time in the experiment,is unlikely to react with the system and cause the explosion.When the nitric acid concentration is increased from 3.7 mol·L^(-1) to 5.4 mol·L^(-1),the thermal stability of the system decreases,and the heat release surpasses the chemical explosion threshold(1000 J·g^(-1)).The maximum self-heat rate(d T/dtmax) increases by at least 7 times,and the maximum pressure rise rate(dp/dtmax)increases by at least 11 times.This led to the actual pressure in the reactor increasing from 4.96 MPa to at least 11.09 MPa,which far exceeded the rated pressure(3 MPa) and reached the rupture pressure(3.5to 4 times their rated pressure),resulting in the explosion.This study aims to provide a warning regarding the safety of new synthetic routes involving the nitric acid-organic systems,particularly the conversion of alkanes,to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its re...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.展开更多
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephth...Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate(PET)due to its enhanced material properties.However,the fabrication of PEF with stable and desirable properties is still a challenge,largely due to the impurities in FDCA.In this study,a highly efficient purification strategy for FDCA was proposed,utilizing a dioxane/H_(2)O binary solvent system for effective crystallization.Furthermore,PEFs were synthesized from FDCA with varying impurity and the effects of these impurities were systematically characterized.The results revealed that impurities in FDCA could result in PEFs with relatively poor thermal properties.This study provides crucial insights for the impact of impurities on PEF properties and FDCA purification.展开更多
AIM:To develop a 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)mesoporous poly(lactic)acid(PLA)delivery system for glaucoma filtration surgery suitable for a single subconjunctival implantation.METHODS:The 5-FU was infiltration-loaded into mes...AIM:To develop a 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)mesoporous poly(lactic)acid(PLA)delivery system for glaucoma filtration surgery suitable for a single subconjunctival implantation.METHODS:The 5-FU was infiltration-loaded into mesoporous PLA.In vitro and in vivo release experiments and ocular toxicology evaluation of the formulation were performed.The antiproliferative effect of this 5-FU-PLA tablet after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits was evaluated.Pathology,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot were used to further validate the inhibitory effect of this sustained release system.RESULTS:Various drug formulations were tested,and two 5-FU-PLA tablets,namely 1.5P15(5-FU 1.5 mg+PLA 15000 Da)and 2.5P15(5-FU 2.5 mg+PLA 15000 Da),had the most suitable release profiles in vitro.Further in vivo studies confirmed the safety and sustained-release profiles of both drugs.Both 5-FU-PLA tablets,relative to the free drugs,significantly inhibited tissue proliferation after glaucoma filtration and improved surgical success.Western blot showed that transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)were inhibited by 5-FU after filtration surgery,with the effects of the 5-FU-PLA tablets being more lasting.CONCLUSION:The tested 5-FU-PLA tablets provide a sustained release of 5-FU,which may be used for a single subconjunctival implantation to inhibit proliferation after filtration surgery.展开更多
The conversion process of chitin,one of the abundant biomass resources on the earth,not only follows the principles of green chemistry,but also has significant value in industrial applications.However,it is a great ch...The conversion process of chitin,one of the abundant biomass resources on the earth,not only follows the principles of green chemistry,but also has significant value in industrial applications.However,it is a great challenge to directly convert insoluble and rigid structured chitin to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).To address this issue,we developed a green conversion process combining pretreatment and catalytic system.Chitin was first pretreated by hexafluoro isopropanol(HFIP),which somewhat disrupted the hydrogen bonding network within the chitin structure.Subsequently,formic acid(FA)and silicotungstic acid(STA)synergistically catalyzed the conversion to HMF in a biphasic system of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-Me-THF)/H2O,and high yields(40.2%)HMF was obtained under the optimism conditions.The product distribution was analyzed by HPLC-MS and the co-catalysis of FA with STA was evidenced.A dual-function catalytic system with both Lewis and Br?nsted acids was created,the catalytic system that significantly improved the efficiency of complex tandem catalytic reactions with chitin.Based on the experimental results,a possible pathway for chitin conversion was deduced,providing a new catalytic idea for the efficient conversion of chitin to HMF.展开更多
Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylat...Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.展开更多
Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,whi...Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172747 and 32425052)
文摘Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.
基金Project(LY17B030009)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China。
文摘A practical approach was introduced to study the inclusion mechanism of chlorine in high purity copper electrorefining from nitric acid system via cyclic voltammetry(CV) combined with electrodeposition experiments. The CV curves display an obvious reduction peak of Cu Cl intermediate, which can provide an insight into the electrochemical behavior of this inclusion. Experimental results show that the increase of HNO3 concentration is favorable to reducing the quantity of chlorine inclusion although there is a slight decline in cathodic current efficiency. The optimum conditions for copper electrorefining in nitric acid system are HNO3 concentration in solution of 1-2 mol/L, moderate temperature of ~35 ℃ with current density not exceeding 25 m A/cm2. Based on the theoretical studies, an optimized copper electrorefining experiment was designed to simulate the industrial electrolysis, by which high purity copper can be obtained with chlorine inclusion less than 10 μg/g and current efficiency higher than 90%.
基金financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1900403)。
文摘A new hydrometallurgical process based on the methanesulfonic acid system was proposed to extract the bismuth efficiently from by-products of lead smelting.The bismuth extraction process included electrorefining,oxidation leaching,and electrodeposition.The optimum conditions of the bismuth extraction process were determined by a single-factor test.The bismuth plate with a purity of 99.8%was obtained under the optimum conditions.Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were applied to investigating the cathode reaction mechanism of electrorefining.The results show that lead deposition,bismuth deposition,and hydrogen evolution occur at the cathode,and the reactions of metals deposition are irreversible and diffusion-controlled.In addition,decreasing the temperature and acidity can improve the purity of the cathodic product(lead powder)in the electrorefining process.
文摘The azides were reduced to the corresponding amines by two new metal/Lewis acid systems in water or in aqueous EtOH in yields ranging from 80%-95%. The reaction rates were faster in water than in aqueous EtOH in most cases. All 16 azides with different functional groups were well reduced to the corresponding amines in excellent yields and reaction rates.
基金Project supported by National Science and Technology Major Project“Development of Large Oil and Gas Fields and Coalbed Methane”(No.2016ZX05058-003).
文摘When the conventional sandstone acidizing technologies are adopted,many slugs are needed in the injection of prepad fluid,treatment fluid and postpad fluid,and consequently the production and operation suffers inconveniences and difficulties.In view of this,a kind of HA integrated acid system which is mainly composed of organic polybasic acids(HA)+HCl+HF and an efficient organic solvent was developed in this paper based on the idea of integrated acid replacing"multiple steps"and high efficiency and intensification.Via this HA integrated acid system,the complicated blockage in sandstone reservoirs can be removed effectively.Then,experiments were carried out on this system to evaluate its performance in terms of its retardance,organic blockage dissolution,chelating and precipitation inhibition.It is indicated that this new system can not only realize the acidizing of conventional integrated acid,but also present a good retarding performance by controlling Ht multi-stage ionization step by step and by forming silica acid-aluminum phosphonate film on the surface of clay minerals;that via this new HA integrated acid system,the organic blockage can be removed efficiently;and that it is wider in pH solution range than conventional APCs(aminopolycarboxyliates)chelants,stronger in chelating capacity of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and Fe^(3+)than conventional chelants(e.g.EDTA,NTA and DTPA),and better in precipitation inhibition on metal fluoride,fluosilicic acid alkali metal,fluoaluminic acid alkali metal and hydroxide than multihydrogen acid,fluoboric acid and mud acid systems.These research results provide a technical support for the plugging removal in hightemperature deep oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82241088)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB813).
文摘The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or hyperuricemia among US adults and to explore the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the associations.A total of 10,307 US adults were conducted to assess the associations of seven urinary hydroxy–PAH with SUA and hyperuricemia and evaluate the role of C-reactive protein(CRP),a biomarker of systemic inflammation,in such associations.Results showed that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed 2-hydroxynaphthalene(2-OHNa),1-hydroxyphenanthrene(1-OHPh),2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene(2&3-OHPh)and total hydroxyphenanthrene(OHPh)was associated with a 1.68(95%confidence interval(CI):0.19 to 3.17),2.46(0.78 to 4.13),3.34(1.59 to 5.09),and 2.99(1.23 to 4.75)μmol/L increase in SUA,and a 8%(odds ratio(OR):1.08,1.02 to 1.15),9%(OR:1.09,1.02 to 1.18),13%(OR:1.13,1.05 to 1.22),and 12%(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03,1.21)increase in hyperuricemia,respectively.Co-exposure of seven PAHs was positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia,with 2&3-OHPh showing the highest weight(components weights:0.83 and 0.78,respectively).The CRP mediated 11.47%and 10.44%of the associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with SUA and mediated 8.60%and 8.62%in associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,internal levels of PAH metabolites were associated with elevated SUA levels and the increased risk of hyperuricemia among US adults,and CRP played a mediating role in the associations.
文摘Reducing the amount of aluminum chloride needed for the catalytic preparation of high quality mesophase and carbon materials is important and we have found that using terephthalic acid(PTA)as a co-catalyst serves this purpose.By adding 3%(mass fraction)AlCl_(3)and 0.9%(mass fraction)PTA to the coal tar pitch,approximately 90%mesophase was synthesized.The product(M-3-0.9)had a high stacking order(L_(c)=3.1 nm,n=10.14)and aromaticity(0.942).By adding PTA,a larger anisotropy content was produced using a smaller amount of AlCl_(3).The PTA participated in the polycondensation reaction through its own benzene ring structure to increase the catalytic activity.However,when its content was higher than 1.5%,the number of oxygen-containing groups in the product increased which was unfavorable for the aromatic lamellar stacking and gave rise to more isotropic structures.The work opens up a new way to prepare mesophase by a catalytic method.
基金financially supported by the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)Bureau of Science and Technology of Xinchang County Foundation.
文摘Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82241088).
文摘The health effects of traffic-derived pollutants have gathered increasing concerns.Our objectives were to evaluate the associations of traffic-related heavy metal exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)and hyperuricemia and to explore the underlying mechanism.Traffic-related heavy metals(including zinc,iron,manganese,copper,lead,cadmium,antimony,and barium)and SUA were determined among 3909 community-based adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort.Various regression methods were applied to assess the association of heavy metals with SUA and hyperuricemia.Furthermore,mediation analyses were employed to evaluate the potential role of systemic inflammation in these associations.In single metal analyses,positive dose-response relationships between urinary zinc,iron,manganese,and antimony and SUA were observed.Furthermore,each 1-unit increase of ln-transformed urinary zinc levels was related to a 37.9%(OR=1.379,95%CI:1.148 to 1.657)increase in the hyperuricemia risk.In multiple metal analyses,both Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)and weighted quantile sum regression(WQS)models showed positive associations of heavy metals mixture with SUA and hyperuricemia risk,and WQS analyses further revealed that zinc was the dominant metal(component weight:0.611 and 0.594,respectively).Additionally,plasma C-reactive protein(CRP)mediated 4.919%and 8.417%of the association of urinary zinc with SUA and hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,exposure to several traffic-related heavy metals or traffic-related heavy metal mixtures were positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia risk in the general Chinese population,in which zinc played a dominating role.Plasma CRP might partly mediate the association of urinary zinc with SUA and hyperuricemia risk.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20199)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Yunling Scholar”and Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AS070056)。
文摘Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense responses,but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.In this study,micrografting,in vivo imaging of Ca^(2+)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),quantification of jasmonic acid(JA)and defensive metabolites,and bioassay were used to study how Arabidopsis seedlings regulate systemic responses in leaves after hypocotyls are wounded.We show that wounding hypocotyls rapidly activated both Ca^(2+)and ROS signals in leaves.RBOHD,which functions to produce ROS,along with two glutamate receptors GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,but not individually RBOHD or GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,in hypocotyls regulate the dynamics of systemic Ca^(2+)signals in leaves.In line with the systemic Ca^(2+)signals,after wounding hypocotyl,RBOHD,GLR3.3,and GLR3.6 in hypocotyl also cooperatively regulate the transcriptome,hormone jasmonic acid,and defensive secondary metabolites in leaves of Arabidopsis seedlings,thus controlling the systemic resistance to insects.Unlike leaf-to-leaf systemic signaling,this study reveals the unique regulation of wounding-induced hypocotyl-to-leaf systemic signaling and sheds new light on how different plant organs use complex signaling pathways to modulate defense responses.
基金supported by the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence (2024XCWZK04)。
文摘With the acceleration of the energy transition,new synthetic routes for converting alkanes into highvalue products are emerging.However,the thermal safety of these new routes may not have been fully considered,potentially leading to dangers during the optimization of reaction conditions.This study reports,for the first time,a reactor explosion incident during the experiment of a new synthetic route for adipic acid:nitric acid oxidation of n-hexane.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),accelerating rate calorimetry(ARC),and corrective calculations were used to investigate the cause of the explosion.The results indicate that the polyparaphenol(PPL) liner material,which was used for the first time in the experiment,is unlikely to react with the system and cause the explosion.When the nitric acid concentration is increased from 3.7 mol·L^(-1) to 5.4 mol·L^(-1),the thermal stability of the system decreases,and the heat release surpasses the chemical explosion threshold(1000 J·g^(-1)).The maximum self-heat rate(d T/dtmax) increases by at least 7 times,and the maximum pressure rise rate(dp/dtmax)increases by at least 11 times.This led to the actual pressure in the reactor increasing from 4.96 MPa to at least 11.09 MPa,which far exceeded the rated pressure(3 MPa) and reached the rupture pressure(3.5to 4 times their rated pressure),resulting in the explosion.This study aims to provide a warning regarding the safety of new synthetic routes involving the nitric acid-organic systems,particularly the conversion of alkanes,to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808128).
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378338,U22A20421)the Project for Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Province of China(2024H4007)。
文摘Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate(PET)due to its enhanced material properties.However,the fabrication of PEF with stable and desirable properties is still a challenge,largely due to the impurities in FDCA.In this study,a highly efficient purification strategy for FDCA was proposed,utilizing a dioxane/H_(2)O binary solvent system for effective crystallization.Furthermore,PEFs were synthesized from FDCA with varying impurity and the effects of these impurities were systematically characterized.The results revealed that impurities in FDCA could result in PEFs with relatively poor thermal properties.This study provides crucial insights for the impact of impurities on PEF properties and FDCA purification.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82301211)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.J230028).
文摘AIM:To develop a 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)mesoporous poly(lactic)acid(PLA)delivery system for glaucoma filtration surgery suitable for a single subconjunctival implantation.METHODS:The 5-FU was infiltration-loaded into mesoporous PLA.In vitro and in vivo release experiments and ocular toxicology evaluation of the formulation were performed.The antiproliferative effect of this 5-FU-PLA tablet after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits was evaluated.Pathology,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot were used to further validate the inhibitory effect of this sustained release system.RESULTS:Various drug formulations were tested,and two 5-FU-PLA tablets,namely 1.5P15(5-FU 1.5 mg+PLA 15000 Da)and 2.5P15(5-FU 2.5 mg+PLA 15000 Da),had the most suitable release profiles in vitro.Further in vivo studies confirmed the safety and sustained-release profiles of both drugs.Both 5-FU-PLA tablets,relative to the free drugs,significantly inhibited tissue proliferation after glaucoma filtration and improved surgical success.Western blot showed that transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)were inhibited by 5-FU after filtration surgery,with the effects of the 5-FU-PLA tablets being more lasting.CONCLUSION:The tested 5-FU-PLA tablets provide a sustained release of 5-FU,which may be used for a single subconjunctival implantation to inhibit proliferation after filtration surgery.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076126)the Shandong Key R&D Plan+2 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.2022CXGC020413)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020MD072,ZR2021QD014)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation:Joint Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory for the Creation and Development of New Pesticides(No.2022-KF-25-03)。
文摘The conversion process of chitin,one of the abundant biomass resources on the earth,not only follows the principles of green chemistry,but also has significant value in industrial applications.However,it is a great challenge to directly convert insoluble and rigid structured chitin to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).To address this issue,we developed a green conversion process combining pretreatment and catalytic system.Chitin was first pretreated by hexafluoro isopropanol(HFIP),which somewhat disrupted the hydrogen bonding network within the chitin structure.Subsequently,formic acid(FA)and silicotungstic acid(STA)synergistically catalyzed the conversion to HMF in a biphasic system of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-Me-THF)/H2O,and high yields(40.2%)HMF was obtained under the optimism conditions.The product distribution was analyzed by HPLC-MS and the co-catalysis of FA with STA was evidenced.A dual-function catalytic system with both Lewis and Br?nsted acids was created,the catalytic system that significantly improved the efficiency of complex tandem catalytic reactions with chitin.Based on the experimental results,a possible pathway for chitin conversion was deduced,providing a new catalytic idea for the efficient conversion of chitin to HMF.
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金Supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFB4201800)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130610)。
文摘Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.
