Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylat...Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.展开更多
In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced o...In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced oxidized oil to induce neurodamage.Behavioral assessments revealed that both the linoleic acid and AUDA(a classical inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase)groups exhibited significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors compared to the model group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that microglial activation in the hippocampus was attenuated in both the linoleic acid and AUDA groups relative to the model group,accompanied by a reduction in the m RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,NOS2,TNF-α)and an upregulation of neuroprotective factors(IL-4,IL-10,BDNF).Lipidomic profiling of hippocampal tissue revealed that the lipid composition of the linoleic acid group closely resembled that of the AUDA group,with a significant downregulation of cardiolipin(CL)compared to the control group,consistent with alterations in the membrane potential channel receptor TRPC1.Both linoleic acid and AUDA inhibited the m RNA expression of EPHX2,leading to an increase in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)levels.Furthermore,linoleic acid upregulated the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYP2J6)and lipoxygenase(LOX2S),which further upregulated the synthesis of EETs,and increased the content of 9-HODE and 13-HODE.These findings collectively suggest that linoleic acid alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial differentiation and attenuates neurodegeneration induced by thermally oxidized oil through the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and the linoleic acid metabolic pathway,leading to the production of neuroprotective lipid mediators.Therefore,linoleic acid may serve as a potential neuro-nutrient for the treatment of anxiety disorders.This provided a scientific basis for the development of specialized medical foods aimed at protecting neural health.展开更多
Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenes...Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.展开更多
Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,whi...Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
The application of DNA hybridization technology,grounded in Watson-Crick base pairing,has facilitated the rational design of framework nucleic acids(FNAs)featuring adaptable shapes and dimensions.These nanostructures ...The application of DNA hybridization technology,grounded in Watson-Crick base pairing,has facilitated the rational design of framework nucleic acids(FNAs)featuring adaptable shapes and dimensions.These nanostructures exhibit remarkable stability and reproducibility,making them promising candidates for biomedical applications.Among various FNAs,tetrahedral FNAs(tFNAs),first introduced by Turberfield,are nanoscale assemblies of oligonucleotides that possess unique physical,chemical,and biological properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that tFNAs exhibit excellent cellular uptake,enhanced tissue permeability,and strong capabilities to promote cell migration,proliferation,and differentiation.Moreover,the intrinsic ability of tFNAs to efficiently penetrate cell membranes allows tFNAs to serve as versatile carriers for small-molecule drugs or functional oligonucleotides,thereby exerting significant anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,and immunomodulatory effects.These features highlight the therapeutic potential of tFNA-based complexes in skin,mucosal,and barrier tissue repair and regeneration.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the application of tFNAs for the prevention and treatment of skin,mucosal,and barrier tissue diseases,with a focus on their mechanisms of action and future prospects in regenerative medicine and targeted therapies.展开更多
As the only naturally occurring stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid(AA;vitamin C),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)is hydrolyzed in vivo to release active AA.AA-2βG exhibits strong antioxidant and ant...As the only naturally occurring stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid(AA;vitamin C),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)is hydrolyzed in vivo to release active AA.AA-2βG exhibits strong antioxidant and antiphotoaging effects comparable to those of AA,and it plays a key role in maintaining organismal health.Owing to its superior stability and bioavailability,AA-2βG is considered as a promising,longer-lasting natural alternative to conventional vitamin C.It was first identified and is particularly abundant in Lycii Fructus(Gouqizi in Chinese)but has been detected in several crop plants.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in AA-2βG research,covering key aspects including discovery,structure,natural sources,extraction and detection methods,chemical and in vitro enzymatic synthesis,biosynthetic pathways,as well as applications in health care,skin care,and functional foods.Additionally,we highlight strategies for leveraging plant resources and enhancing AA-2βG biosynthesis,which are expected to accelerate future research and support the sustainable development and utilization of AA-2βG and other high-value natural products.展开更多
This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the re...This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.展开更多
Background The role of bile acids in modulating the gut microbiota and their impact on host metabolism has garnered significant attention.Taurochenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA)is the predominant bile acid within the chicke...Background The role of bile acids in modulating the gut microbiota and their impact on host metabolism has garnered significant attention.Taurochenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA)is the predominant bile acid within the chicken bile acid pool and is closely related to metabolic disorders.The current study aims to investigate the potential effects of TCDCA on abdominal fat deposition in broilers.From 14 to 28 days of age,the broilers in the CON group received an oral administration of 1 mL of saline,while those in the treatment groups were administered 1 mL of a solution containing 0.05 g,0.10 g,or 0.20 g of TCDCA.Results The results showed that TCDCA treatments from 14 to 28 d had no significant effects on BW,ADFI,ADG and FCR in broilers at the age of 28 days of age.However,the abdominal fat percentage in the 0.20 g TCDCA group significantly increased,accompanied by higher TBA and HDL-c levels,as well as a reduction in apolipoprotein B levels in serum.In addition,serum triglyceride levels tended to be higher in the 0.20 g TCDCA group(P=0.098).The 0.20 g TCDCA treatment increased the gene expressions of SREBP-1,C/EBP-α,and ELOVL6,while decreasing the mRNA abundance of ATGL and CPT-1 in the abdominal fat.Serum levels of TCDCA,TDCA,and THDCA were significantly higher after 0.20 g TCDCA administration,while TCA levels were significantly lower,as determined by the targeted bile acid metabolomics analysis.Conversely,hepatic mRNA levels of CYP7A1,CYP27A1,BAAT,and BSEP were increased in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.The oral administration of 0.20 g TCDCA also upregulated the expression of FXR,VDR,and FGF19 in abdominal fat.The 16S rRNA analysis of cecal microbiota revealed that a decrease in the Shannon and Simpson indexes in the 0.20 g TCDCA group,and an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.LEfSe analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria in the CON group were Streptococcus and Oscillospira at the genus level,while Lactobacillus,Parabacteroides,Anaeroplasma,and Helicobacter were identified as the dominant genera in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.Functional predictions for the gut microbiota exhibited that lipid metabolism,replication and repair pathway were enhanced in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with serum levels of TCDCA,THDCA,and TDCA,while the abundance of Streptococcus and Oscillospira showed a positive correlation with serum TCA levels.Conclusion Overall,this study elucidates that the intervention of 0.20 g TCDCA may promote abdominal fat deposition by activating bile acid receptors in abdominal fat,and concurrent alterations in both the intestinal microbial community and bile acid profile.展开更多
Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face wit...Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.展开更多
Elaidic acid(EA)is a typical trans fatty acid(TFA)that emerges during the processing of various fatty foods.In this study,we found that EA induced renal injury with necroptosis.Pretreatment with a reactive oxygen spec...Elaidic acid(EA)is a typical trans fatty acid(TFA)that emerges during the processing of various fatty foods.In this study,we found that EA induced renal injury with necroptosis.Pretreatment with a reactive oxygen species(ROS)inhibitor and a RIPK3 inhibitor alleviated EA-induced necroptosis.The data indicated that EA induced renal necroptosis through ROS/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.In mechanistic studies,we explored how EA induced ROS production.Results indicated that EA caused mitochondrial damage by testing MMP,MFN1,VDAC,and FIS1.Further,EA suppressed mitophagy by testing the levels of LC3,p62,PINK1,Parkin,colocalization of LC3 and Mito-Tracker Red.Mitophagy is a process of selective degradation of damaged mitochondria.A large number of damaged mitochondria couldn't be cleared by mitophagy in time,which increased ROS levels in renal cells.Pretreatment with a mitophagy activator decreased EA-induced ROS levels and mitochondrial damage.Taken together,our data identified that EA induced renal necroptosis by destroying mitochondria and inhibiting mitophagy,thereby activating the ROS/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther developmen...Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.展开更多
Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injecti...Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.展开更多
To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The ex...To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reporte...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reported to alter the cognitive impairment associated with aging and reduce the risk of long-term development of AD.However,the effects of Aβon synapses and whether DHA has a protective effect on synapses remain unclear.In this study,APPSwe/PSEN1d E9 transgenic and wild type mice were used as experimental subjects to explore the effect of DHA on synaptic structure and function damaged by Aβ.Results showed that a large amount of Aβwas deposited in the brain of AD mice,and DHA intervention decreased the Aβdeposition(P<0.05).DHA decreased the apoptosis of nerve cells and the oxidative stress level induced by Aβ(P<0.01).Transmission electron microscopy results showed that DHA improved the synaptic structure and number,and the expression of synaptophysin was significantly upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).Besides,neurotransmitter release was regulated after DHA intervention,including the decreased Glu level and increasedγ-aminobutyric acid level,as well as the activity of ATPase was also increased by DHA.Importantly,the phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B(Trk B),phospholipase C-gamma-1,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),and c AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).These data indicated that DHA could improve synaptic structure and function through the Trk B-Erk1/2-CREB pathway,thus playing a positive role in the pathological process of AD.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances...Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),a prominent n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),not only exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties,but also holds potential in ameliorating lipid metabolism.This study integrated in vitro bovine primary hepatocyte models and in vivo dairy cow trials to investigate the regulatory effects of DHA on hepatic lipid deposition.Results In vitro,40μmol/L DHA significantly reduced triglyceride(TAG)accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes by downregulating genes involved in fatty acid transport(FABP-1,CD36)and lipogenesis(DGAT2,FAS,SREBP-1C),while upregulating markers of lipolysis(CGI-58,ATGL)and fatty acid oxidation(ACADL,CPT1A,CPT2).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirmed DHA-mediated restoration of mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhanced lipid droplet(LD)-mitochondria interactions.In vivo,dietary rumen-protected DHA(180 g/d)supplementation reduced hepatic lipid deposition,improved liver function(evidenced by decreased total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase),reduced oxidative stress and inflammation(suppressed malondialdehyde,glutathione peroxidase,and lipopolysaccharide),coincided with relieving insulin resistance(reduced insulin and glucose,as well increased adiponectin)in dairy cows with fatty liver.These improvements may be attributed to increased expression of TOMM20 and MtCo-1,promoting mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation,along with an elevated plasma n-3/n-6 ratio.Conclusions Collectively,these findings suggest that DHA supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy for preventing spontaneous fatty liver in transition dairy cows by enhancing hepatic lipid clearance and restoring metabolic homeostasis.展开更多
Artemisia argyi(A.argyi)is a Chinese herbal medicine with reported anti-inflammatory effects.In this study,the A.argyi was extracted with water and ethanol,and the concentrations of 35 flavonoids in A.argyi water extr...Artemisia argyi(A.argyi)is a Chinese herbal medicine with reported anti-inflammatory effects.In this study,the A.argyi was extracted with water and ethanol,and the concentrations of 35 flavonoids in A.argyi water extract(WE)and ethanol extract(EE)were measured via targeted metabolomics.The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of both WE and EE were firstly explored in vitro via chemical assays and cellular experiment,respectively.Both WE and EE showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS),·OH,and O_(2)·radical scavenging ability in a dose-dependent manner,and reduced the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-22(IL-22)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 cell model.In addition,the in vivo anti-colitis activity of both extracts was investigated in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mice,and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated by 16S r DNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics.We found that both WE and EE relieved colitis in mice,characterized by decreased disease activity index,increased colon length,improved pathological changes in colon tissue,while EE showed better anti-colitis activity.In addition,both 16S r DNA sequencing and targeted bile acids metabolomics indicated EE modulated gut microbiota and specifically increased the abundance of lithocholic acid(LCA),which might contribute to intestinal barrier function improvement via up-regulating the expression of colonic farnesoid X receptor(FXR).In summary,this study identified the anti-colitis mechanism of A.argyi EE by modulating gut microbiota,facilitating the production of LCA,activating FXR and improving intestinal barrier function.展开更多
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金Supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFB4201800)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130610)。
文摘Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100300)Pilot Research Project of Wuxi Industrial Innovation Research Institute(XD24019).
文摘In previous research,we demonstrated that long-term consumption of thermally oxidized oil leads to neuroinflammation and anxiety in mice.Therefore,in this study,we employed polar lipid components from thermo-induced oxidized oil to induce neurodamage.Behavioral assessments revealed that both the linoleic acid and AUDA(a classical inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase)groups exhibited significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors compared to the model group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that microglial activation in the hippocampus was attenuated in both the linoleic acid and AUDA groups relative to the model group,accompanied by a reduction in the m RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,NOS2,TNF-α)and an upregulation of neuroprotective factors(IL-4,IL-10,BDNF).Lipidomic profiling of hippocampal tissue revealed that the lipid composition of the linoleic acid group closely resembled that of the AUDA group,with a significant downregulation of cardiolipin(CL)compared to the control group,consistent with alterations in the membrane potential channel receptor TRPC1.Both linoleic acid and AUDA inhibited the m RNA expression of EPHX2,leading to an increase in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)levels.Furthermore,linoleic acid upregulated the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYP2J6)and lipoxygenase(LOX2S),which further upregulated the synthesis of EETs,and increased the content of 9-HODE and 13-HODE.These findings collectively suggest that linoleic acid alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial differentiation and attenuates neurodegeneration induced by thermally oxidized oil through the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and the linoleic acid metabolic pathway,leading to the production of neuroprotective lipid mediators.Therefore,linoleic acid may serve as a potential neuro-nutrient for the treatment of anxiety disorders.This provided a scientific basis for the development of specialized medical foods aimed at protecting neural health.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(grant number 32422082)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(grant number 2025JC-QYXQ-009)。
文摘Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960199)Clinical Translational Innovation Cultivating Fund 550 Project of Hainan General Hospital,Joint Program on Health Science&Technology Innovation of Hainan Province(No.WSJK2024MS127)Academic Enhancement Support Program of Hainan Medical University(No.XSTS2025093).
文摘The application of DNA hybridization technology,grounded in Watson-Crick base pairing,has facilitated the rational design of framework nucleic acids(FNAs)featuring adaptable shapes and dimensions.These nanostructures exhibit remarkable stability and reproducibility,making them promising candidates for biomedical applications.Among various FNAs,tetrahedral FNAs(tFNAs),first introduced by Turberfield,are nanoscale assemblies of oligonucleotides that possess unique physical,chemical,and biological properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that tFNAs exhibit excellent cellular uptake,enhanced tissue permeability,and strong capabilities to promote cell migration,proliferation,and differentiation.Moreover,the intrinsic ability of tFNAs to efficiently penetrate cell membranes allows tFNAs to serve as versatile carriers for small-molecule drugs or functional oligonucleotides,thereby exerting significant anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,and immunomodulatory effects.These features highlight the therapeutic potential of tFNA-based complexes in skin,mucosal,and barrier tissue repair and regeneration.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the application of tFNAs for the prevention and treatment of skin,mucosal,and barrier tissue diseases,with a focus on their mechanisms of action and future prospects in regenerative medicine and targeted therapies.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2023YFC3504104 and 2024YFD2100700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes(No.ZZ13-YQ-101)Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2023E002-Y-28).
文摘As the only naturally occurring stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid(AA;vitamin C),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)is hydrolyzed in vivo to release active AA.AA-2βG exhibits strong antioxidant and antiphotoaging effects comparable to those of AA,and it plays a key role in maintaining organismal health.Owing to its superior stability and bioavailability,AA-2βG is considered as a promising,longer-lasting natural alternative to conventional vitamin C.It was first identified and is particularly abundant in Lycii Fructus(Gouqizi in Chinese)but has been detected in several crop plants.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in AA-2βG research,covering key aspects including discovery,structure,natural sources,extraction and detection methods,chemical and in vitro enzymatic synthesis,biosynthetic pathways,as well as applications in health care,skin care,and functional foods.Additionally,we highlight strategies for leveraging plant resources and enhancing AA-2βG biosynthesis,which are expected to accelerate future research and support the sustainable development and utilization of AA-2βG and other high-value natural products.
基金supported by the Anhui Agricultural University Foundation for Stability and Introduction of Talent(rc352111)the Natural Science Research Project in Anhui Universities(2023AH051046)+2 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC118)the Special Fund for Anhui Provincial Academic and Technological Leader(2021D297)the Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System(AHCYJSTX-NCPJG)。
文摘This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.
基金funded by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2023YFD1301400 and 2023YFF1001900)the Program for Shaanxi Science&Technology(2022GD-TSLD-46-0302,2023KXJ-243,2023GXJS-02-01 and L2022-QCYZX-NY-004)。
文摘Background The role of bile acids in modulating the gut microbiota and their impact on host metabolism has garnered significant attention.Taurochenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA)is the predominant bile acid within the chicken bile acid pool and is closely related to metabolic disorders.The current study aims to investigate the potential effects of TCDCA on abdominal fat deposition in broilers.From 14 to 28 days of age,the broilers in the CON group received an oral administration of 1 mL of saline,while those in the treatment groups were administered 1 mL of a solution containing 0.05 g,0.10 g,or 0.20 g of TCDCA.Results The results showed that TCDCA treatments from 14 to 28 d had no significant effects on BW,ADFI,ADG and FCR in broilers at the age of 28 days of age.However,the abdominal fat percentage in the 0.20 g TCDCA group significantly increased,accompanied by higher TBA and HDL-c levels,as well as a reduction in apolipoprotein B levels in serum.In addition,serum triglyceride levels tended to be higher in the 0.20 g TCDCA group(P=0.098).The 0.20 g TCDCA treatment increased the gene expressions of SREBP-1,C/EBP-α,and ELOVL6,while decreasing the mRNA abundance of ATGL and CPT-1 in the abdominal fat.Serum levels of TCDCA,TDCA,and THDCA were significantly higher after 0.20 g TCDCA administration,while TCA levels were significantly lower,as determined by the targeted bile acid metabolomics analysis.Conversely,hepatic mRNA levels of CYP7A1,CYP27A1,BAAT,and BSEP were increased in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.The oral administration of 0.20 g TCDCA also upregulated the expression of FXR,VDR,and FGF19 in abdominal fat.The 16S rRNA analysis of cecal microbiota revealed that a decrease in the Shannon and Simpson indexes in the 0.20 g TCDCA group,and an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.LEfSe analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria in the CON group were Streptococcus and Oscillospira at the genus level,while Lactobacillus,Parabacteroides,Anaeroplasma,and Helicobacter were identified as the dominant genera in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.Functional predictions for the gut microbiota exhibited that lipid metabolism,replication and repair pathway were enhanced in the 0.20 g TCDCA group.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with serum levels of TCDCA,THDCA,and TDCA,while the abundance of Streptococcus and Oscillospira showed a positive correlation with serum TCA levels.Conclusion Overall,this study elucidates that the intervention of 0.20 g TCDCA may promote abdominal fat deposition by activating bile acid receptors in abdominal fat,and concurrent alterations in both the intestinal microbial community and bile acid profile.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220409)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22401153)+2 种基金the FWO[Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(Belgium)]for financial support(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the Research Council of the KU Leuven(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the support of the"RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program"(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken).
文摘Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800902).
文摘Elaidic acid(EA)is a typical trans fatty acid(TFA)that emerges during the processing of various fatty foods.In this study,we found that EA induced renal injury with necroptosis.Pretreatment with a reactive oxygen species(ROS)inhibitor and a RIPK3 inhibitor alleviated EA-induced necroptosis.The data indicated that EA induced renal necroptosis through ROS/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.In mechanistic studies,we explored how EA induced ROS production.Results indicated that EA caused mitochondrial damage by testing MMP,MFN1,VDAC,and FIS1.Further,EA suppressed mitophagy by testing the levels of LC3,p62,PINK1,Parkin,colocalization of LC3 and Mito-Tracker Red.Mitophagy is a process of selective degradation of damaged mitochondria.A large number of damaged mitochondria couldn't be cleared by mitophagy in time,which increased ROS levels in renal cells.Pretreatment with a mitophagy activator decreased EA-induced ROS levels and mitochondrial damage.Taken together,our data identified that EA induced renal necroptosis by destroying mitochondria and inhibiting mitophagy,thereby activating the ROS/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Bingtuan,China (2023AA008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960369)+1 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China (2025DA001)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China (222102110200)。
文摘Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272472 and 52373146)。
文摘Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.
基金supported by the Wencheng County Science and Technology Plan Project(2023NKY03)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant Number CARS-24-B04,CARS-23-B05)Additional support was provided by Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Vegetables),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China.
文摘To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(242300421536)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Xinxiang Medicine University(202410472024).
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reported to alter the cognitive impairment associated with aging and reduce the risk of long-term development of AD.However,the effects of Aβon synapses and whether DHA has a protective effect on synapses remain unclear.In this study,APPSwe/PSEN1d E9 transgenic and wild type mice were used as experimental subjects to explore the effect of DHA on synaptic structure and function damaged by Aβ.Results showed that a large amount of Aβwas deposited in the brain of AD mice,and DHA intervention decreased the Aβdeposition(P<0.05).DHA decreased the apoptosis of nerve cells and the oxidative stress level induced by Aβ(P<0.01).Transmission electron microscopy results showed that DHA improved the synaptic structure and number,and the expression of synaptophysin was significantly upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).Besides,neurotransmitter release was regulated after DHA intervention,including the decreased Glu level and increasedγ-aminobutyric acid level,as well as the activity of ATPase was also increased by DHA.Importantly,the phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B(Trk B),phospholipase C-gamma-1,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),and c AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).These data indicated that DHA could improve synaptic structure and function through the Trk B-Erk1/2-CREB pathway,thus playing a positive role in the pathological process of AD.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1301001)。
文摘Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),a prominent n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),not only exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties,but also holds potential in ameliorating lipid metabolism.This study integrated in vitro bovine primary hepatocyte models and in vivo dairy cow trials to investigate the regulatory effects of DHA on hepatic lipid deposition.Results In vitro,40μmol/L DHA significantly reduced triglyceride(TAG)accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes by downregulating genes involved in fatty acid transport(FABP-1,CD36)and lipogenesis(DGAT2,FAS,SREBP-1C),while upregulating markers of lipolysis(CGI-58,ATGL)and fatty acid oxidation(ACADL,CPT1A,CPT2).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirmed DHA-mediated restoration of mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhanced lipid droplet(LD)-mitochondria interactions.In vivo,dietary rumen-protected DHA(180 g/d)supplementation reduced hepatic lipid deposition,improved liver function(evidenced by decreased total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase),reduced oxidative stress and inflammation(suppressed malondialdehyde,glutathione peroxidase,and lipopolysaccharide),coincided with relieving insulin resistance(reduced insulin and glucose,as well increased adiponectin)in dairy cows with fatty liver.These improvements may be attributed to increased expression of TOMM20 and MtCo-1,promoting mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation,along with an elevated plasma n-3/n-6 ratio.Conclusions Collectively,these findings suggest that DHA supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy for preventing spontaneous fatty liver in transition dairy cows by enhancing hepatic lipid clearance and restoring metabolic homeostasis.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22C010002)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721732)+1 种基金the project of sending sci-tech experts to rural areas in Ningbo city(2022S205)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University.
文摘Artemisia argyi(A.argyi)is a Chinese herbal medicine with reported anti-inflammatory effects.In this study,the A.argyi was extracted with water and ethanol,and the concentrations of 35 flavonoids in A.argyi water extract(WE)and ethanol extract(EE)were measured via targeted metabolomics.The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of both WE and EE were firstly explored in vitro via chemical assays and cellular experiment,respectively.Both WE and EE showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS),·OH,and O_(2)·radical scavenging ability in a dose-dependent manner,and reduced the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-22(IL-22)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 cell model.In addition,the in vivo anti-colitis activity of both extracts was investigated in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mice,and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated by 16S r DNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics.We found that both WE and EE relieved colitis in mice,characterized by decreased disease activity index,increased colon length,improved pathological changes in colon tissue,while EE showed better anti-colitis activity.In addition,both 16S r DNA sequencing and targeted bile acids metabolomics indicated EE modulated gut microbiota and specifically increased the abundance of lithocholic acid(LCA),which might contribute to intestinal barrier function improvement via up-regulating the expression of colonic farnesoid X receptor(FXR).In summary,this study identified the anti-colitis mechanism of A.argyi EE by modulating gut microbiota,facilitating the production of LCA,activating FXR and improving intestinal barrier function.
