AIM： To compare the visual functional outcomes with accommodating and multifocal intraocular lenses（IOLs）.METHODS： Our retrospective comparative study included 51 patients（60 eyes） received implantation of an ac...AIM： To compare the visual functional outcomes with accommodating and multifocal intraocular lenses（IOLs）.METHODS： Our retrospective comparative study included 51 patients（60 eyes） received implantation of an accommodating IOL（Tetraflex;16 patients,20 eyes）,a refractive multifocal IOL（Re Zoom;18 patients,20 eyes）,or a diffractive multifocal IOL（ZMA00;17 patients,20 eyes）.Subjective refraction,visual acuity,contrast sensitivity（CS）,intraocular aberration,and subjective photic phenomena were detected at 3mo after surgery.RESULTS： The spherical equivalent in the three groups was-0.38±0.54 D,0.14±0.56 D,and 0.35±0.41 D,respectively.No statistically significant differences were found in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity among the groups（P=0.39）.The Re Zoom group had significantly better distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity than the ZMA00 group（P=0.003）.The ZMA00 group had significantly better near visual acuity than the other groups（P〈0.05）.Better contrast sensitivity values were observed in the Tetraflex group under most of the spatial frequencies conditions（P=0.025）.The total aberration was lowest in the ZMA00 group（P=0.000）,and the spherical aberration was highest in the Tetraflex group（P=0.000）.The three groups had similar frequency of ghosting and glare,and the Tetraflex group had a low rate of halos（P=0.01）.CONCLUSION： Both accommodating and multifocal IOLs can successfully restore distance and uncorrected intermediate visual acuities.Tetraflex accommodating IOLs perform better in CS and with less halos of photic phenomena.Re Zoom refractive multifocal IOLs havebetter performance in distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity than ZMA00 diffractive multifocal IOLs,and the latter achieved better near visual acuity and efficiently decreased the optical aberration.展开更多
The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allo...The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.展开更多
MARIA Jacobs and her husband left their home in South Africa and moved to Guangzhou, the capital city of south China＇s Guangdong Province. two years ago She enjoys her life in the city, mainly because she lives in th...MARIA Jacobs and her husband left their home in South Africa and moved to Guangzhou, the capital city of south China＇s Guangdong Province. two years ago She enjoys her life in the city, mainly because she lives in the Ascott high-end serviced apartment complex located in the city＇s downtown area. which is not only close to all kinds of entertainment, but also offers convenient access to major business and shopping districts nearby.展开更多
AIM: To compare the results of in vivo human high resolution image registration studies of the eye during accommodation to the predictions of mathematical and finite element models of accommodation. METHODS: Data from...AIM: To compare the results of in vivo human high resolution image registration studies of the eye during accommodation to the predictions of mathematical and finite element models of accommodation. METHODS: Data from published high quality image registration studies of pilocarpine induced accommodative changes of equatorial lens radius(ELR) and central lens thickness(CLT) were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean changes in ELR and CLT were 6.76 μm/diopter and 6.51 μm/diopter, respectively. The linear regressions, reflecting the association between ELR and accommodative amplitude(AAELR) was: slope=6.58 μm/diopter, r^2=0.98, P<0.0001 and between CLT and AACLT was: slope=6.75 μm/diopter, r^2=0.83, P<0.001. On the basis of these relationships, the CLT slope and the AAELR were used to predict the measured change in ELR(ELRpredicted). There was no statistical difference between ELRpredicted and the measured ELR as demonstrated by a Student's paired t-test: P=0.96 and linear regression analysis: slope=0.97, r^2=0.98, P<0.00001.CONCLUSION: Image registration with invariant positional references demonstrates that ELR and CLT equivalently minimally increase ~7.0 μm/diopter during accommodation. The small equivalent increases in ELRand CLT are associated with a large accommodative amplitude. These findings are consistent with the predictions of mathematical and finite element models that specified the stiffness of the lens nucleus is the same or greater than the lens cortex and that accommodation involves a small force(<5 g).展开更多
Psychoeducation is a structured but straightforward and effective treatment,which consists of educating patients and family members about psychiatric disorders,teaching them to cope with the illness,and supporting the...Psychoeducation is a structured but straightforward and effective treatment,which consists of educating patients and family members about psychiatric disorders,teaching them to cope with the illness,and supporting them during treatment.Psychoeducation as an independent treatment is effective in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Psychoeducation is a core component of cognitivebehavioural therapy(CBT)or exposure and response prevention(ERP)treatment,which are the standard psychotherapeutic treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).However,research on the benefits of psychoeducational treatments in OCD is limited compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.Very few studies have examined psychoeducation as an independent treatment for OCD,and its efficacy is not proven.The effectiveness of CBT or ERP for OCD is well established,but the contribution of psychoeducation to the efficacy of these treatments is unclear.Recently,there has been a greater understanding of maladaptive family responses,such as accommodation and antagonism,that worsen the outcome and treatment response in OCD.Family-based psychoeducational treatments targeting inappropriate family responses are effective in reducing obsessional symptoms,attenuating the negative family impact of OCD,and improving patient and family functioning.Family-based psychoeducation is a promising treatment for OCD,but there are methodological issues with the evidence,and trials among adult patients are limited compared to children and adolescents.The other obstacles to the implementation of psychoeducational treatments of OCD are the large treatment gap,lack of research from low-and middle-income countries,and the limited attempts to develop culturally adapted treatments in these countries.Thus,further research should focus on optimising psychoeducational treatments for OCD and efficiently delivering these treatments in routine clinical settings.展开更多
ISO releases two standards for tourism ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Par...ISO releases two standards for tourism ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Part 1:Vocabulary,were released recently,the development of which were led by China.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effects of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies on the quality of life(QOL)of university students.METHODS:This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on university students usin...AIM:To evaluate the effects of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies on the quality of life(QOL)of university students.METHODS:This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on university students using simple random sampling.Objective refraction,ocular alignment,vergence and accommodative performance were measured and assessed in all participants.Data on QOL were collected using the College of Optometrists in Vision Development-Quality of Life(COVD-QOL)Questionnaire.The effect of mentioned parameters on the QOL were evaluated.RESULTS:Totally 726 students with mean age of 21.35±1.88y were evaluated in this study,51.5%of whom were female.Esophoria was caused significantly lower QOL in the domains of somatic symptoms and occupationalphysical symptoms(P<0.05);Besides,esotropia decreased QOL in domains of somatic symptoms P=0.002 and psychological factors(P=0.023).Students with accommodation insufficiency experienced more symptoms in all domains(P<0.05)except for psychological factors(P=0.07).Increasing in the near point of convergence and accommodation and decreases QOL and increasing accommodative facility increases QOL(all P<0.05).Myopia and astigmatism cause decrease in QOL(both P<0.05),but hyperopic students had better QOL in comparison with others(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Screening programs and treatment of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies,especially phoria and accommodative insufficiency,positively impact the QOL and academic achievements of university students.展开更多
The selection of twin variants plays a critical role in shaping the deformation texture and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys that are limited by slip systems and diverse twinning modes.In this study,we invest...The selection of twin variants plays a critical role in shaping the deformation texture and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys that are limited by slip systems and diverse twinning modes.In this study,we investigated the twin variant selection and the effect of twinning activity on the strain hardening of a hot-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy by quasi-in-situ EBSD.Moreover,the Schmid factors and the displacement gradient tensors were computed to evaluate the activation of twin variants.The results reveal that the yield strength increased progressively after each deformation step,driven by grain subdivision and texture hardening induced by extension{1012}twinning and the Basinski effect at large strains.The nucleation and growth of the{1012}twins occurred either sequentially or simultaneously during the plastic deformation.At low plastic strains,the activation of most twin variants followed the high Schmid factor criterion while the other twin variants with lower Schmid factors were activated due to the interactions with preexisting twins characterized by high misorientation angles(around 60°).Additionally,this non-Schmid factor scenario was also attributed to low coordinated strain requirements from neighboring grains,showing the critical role of local deformation accommodation in the twinning process.These findings advance the fundamental understanding of the twin variant selection and its implications for the microstructure-property relationship in magnesium alloys for structural applications.展开更多
AIM:To explore choroidal thickness(CT)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)changes around the macula and optic nerve head(ONH)using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)after small-incision lenticule extrac...AIM:To explore choroidal thickness(CT)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)changes around the macula and optic nerve head(ONH)using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)after small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and evaluate their associations with accommodation and aberrations.METHODS:Participants were divided into more myopic group(43 eyes)and less myopic group(33 eyes)according to refractive error.SS-OCT,negative relative accommodation(NRA),and positive relative accommodation(PRA)were analyzed before and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.Root mean square higher-order aberrations(RMS HOAs),spherical aberrations(SAs),and coma were compared preoperative,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:After surgery,RMS(0.29±0.26)and Coma(0.16±0.19)all increased.In the more myopic group,central and T macular CT(247.58±63.81 a n d 276.45±62.52μm)increased.NRA(0.41±0.51)and PRA(0.10±1.30)decreased,and SAs(0.21±0.21)increased.In the less myopic group,all regional and mean macular CT increased.NRA was correlated with mean and inferior CTs and mean ONH CVI.SE was correlated with macular CT,CVI,and ONH CT.Mean macular and ONH CTs were associated with RMS HOA,SA,and coma.Macular T2 CT was a significant predictor of SA.Macular T2 and N1 CT were correlated with coma.CONCLUSION:More variations in accommodation and aberrations and fewer choroid thickens on macular and ONH are found in more myopic eyes after SMILE.Choroidal values are associated with accommodation and aberrations during SMILE.Choroid parameters on SS-OCT varies in eyes with different refractive errors after SMILE and has an association with accommodation and visual quality.展开更多
Two international standards on tourism,ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Par...Two international standards on tourism,ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Part 1:Vocabulary,were recently released by ISO,the development of which was led by China.展开更多
Against the backdrop of active global responses to climate change and the accelerated green and low-carbon energy transition,the co-optimization and innovative mechanism design of multimodal energy systems have become...Against the backdrop of active global responses to climate change and the accelerated green and low-carbon energy transition,the co-optimization and innovative mechanism design of multimodal energy systems have become a significant instrument for propelling the energy revolution and ensuring energy security.Under increasingly stringent carbon emission constraints,how to achieve multi-dimensional improvements in energy utilization efficiency,renewable energy accommodation levels,and system economics-through the intelligent coupling of diverse energy carriers such as electricity,heat,natural gas,and hydrogen,and the effective application of market-based instruments like carbon trading and demand response-constitutes a critical scientific and engineering challenge demanding urgent solutions.展开更多
Understanding interactions between gas molecules and solid surface is key to the aerodynamic design of high-speed,high-altitude aerospace vehicles,but there is a large dispersion of gas-surface interaction parameters ...Understanding interactions between gas molecules and solid surface is key to the aerodynamic design of high-speed,high-altitude aerospace vehicles,but there is a large dispersion of gas-surface interaction parameters or namely accommodation coefficients.The uncertainty results partly from different considerations of the interaction between gas molecules in various experimental and numerical methods.In this study,effects of gas-gas molecules interaction are systematically discussed by comparing two different approaches of molecular dynamics simulation of high-speed argon molecules scattering on a graphite surface.The popularly-used“single scattering”approach repeats the scattering process of a single gas molecule without considering the gas-gas molecules interaction.The newly-developed“continual scattering”approach continually shoots gas molecules at the surface,considering collisions between gas molecules in addition to gas molecules’collisions with surface.Gas-surface interaction features in the two approaches are compared and discussed under various affecting factors including rarefaction degree,gas-surface interaction strength,surface temperature and incident velocity.It is shown that these two approaches usually produce different accommodation coefficients,and the corresponding mechanisms are explained.This study could help clarify some doubts about the selection of accommodation coefficients in engineering practice,and also provide an instruction on design of an appropriate molecular dynamics simulation approach.展开更多
In polycrystalline Mg-RE magnesium alloys,the lattice parameter,dislocation dynamics and critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)for various deformation modes are altered with the addition of RE atom,finally affecting def...In polycrystalline Mg-RE magnesium alloys,the lattice parameter,dislocation dynamics and critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)for various deformation modes are altered with the addition of RE atom,finally affecting deformation mode and strain accommodation mechanism among neighboring grains.Uniaxial compression tests were performed on as-extruded AZ81-La Mg alloy samples with the c-axis of the majority of crystals vertical to the compression direction.Twin variants and dominant slip systems were examined by electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)technique.It is found by in-grain misoriention axis(IGMA)analysis that the plastic deformation is mainly accommodated by a combination of the pyramidal slip and the basal slip.The dominant twin variant is{0112}<0111>and{1102}<1101>.Here,we applied a modified displacement gradient accommodation(m-DGA)method to evaluate the selection mechanism of twin/slip in neighbour grain stimulated by{1012}extension twin.It is found that the activated slip system and/or twin variant in the neighbouring grain is determined by the accommodation of the major shear strain induced by{1012}extension twin in such a way that strain concentration along grain boundaries can be relaxed.展开更多
The stable and reliable operation of grid-integrated renewable energy systems requires advanced control and coordination of grid-side converters(GSCs),utilizing the feedback measurements of voltage and current sensors...The stable and reliable operation of grid-integrated renewable energy systems requires advanced control and coordination of grid-side converters(GSCs),utilizing the feedback measurements of voltage and current sensors from both the direct current(DC)and alternating current(AC)sides of the converter.However,the effective operation of the converter is susceptible to sensor failures or divergence from their proper operation.Although sensor fault detection algorithms are usually effective under abrupt faults,the fault propagation effect caused by the physical interconnection between the DC and AC sides of the converter may limit the performance of the sensor fault isolation process in revealing the exact location of a potential faulty sensor.Therefore,this work proposes a robust,model-based fault isolation and accommodation scheme.Specifically,a synergistic sensor fault isolation framework based on adaptive estimation schemes is proposed for both single and multiple faults in the DC voltage and AC current sensors,considering modeling uncertainty and measurement noise.The performance analysis in terms of stability,learning capability,and fault isolability is rigorously examined.An accommodation scheme based on a virtual sensor utilizing dynamic sensor fault estimation with realtime learning capabilities is applied to a GSC.Finally,the performance of the proposed fault isolation and accommodation scheme is evaluated through simulation analysis under several scenarios involving single and multiple sensor faults.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the reliability of measurements of corneal changes with accommodation in healthy eyes using a Scheimpflug imaging-based system and how these measurements distribute in the normal population.METHODS:Pro...AIM:To evaluate the reliability of measurements of corneal changes with accommodation in healthy eyes using a Scheimpflug imaging-based system and how these measurements distribute in the normal population.METHODS:Prospective,non-randomized,comparative study including 27 healthy subjects(54 eyes),including emmetropia(13 eyes),myopia(17 eyes),hyperopia(4 eyes)and astigmatism(20 eyes)groups.In all cases,a complete eye examination was performed,including the analysis of corneal changes with different accommodative stimuli(+2.00,0.00 and-3.00 D)using the Pentacam AXL system.The investigation was structured in 2 phases:repeatability analysis and characterization of accommodation-related corneal changes in healthy populations.RESULTS:In the repeatability analysis,the index of height asymmetry(IHA)showed the greatest variability with the three accommodative stimuli,being the results for the rest of parameters acceptable.The group of emmetropes showed significant differences with accommodative changes in the position of maximum keratometry(Kmax;P<0.05),whereas in the astigmatism group,significant changes were not only observed in the position of Kmax,but also in minimum corneal thickness(MCT),corneal spherical aberration,and total and low order aberration root mean square(all P<0.05).Likewise,a significant difference was found in the displacement of the X position of Kmax with+2.00 D and-3.00 D in the myopia group(P=0.033)as well as in changes with+2.00 D and-3.00 D in the magnitude of the position vector of Kmax in the emmetropia group(P<0.05).No significant changes were found between accommodative stimuli in the displacement of coordinates of MCT(P≥0.109).CONCLUSION:The position of Kmax and MCT in healthy corneas can change significantly when presenting different accommodative stimuli using the accommodation mode of the Pentacam system,with different trends in these accommodation-related corneal changes between refractive errors.Likewise,the consistency of the measurements obtained with Scheimpflug has been confirmed.展开更多
The family Symplocaceae includes over 300 species of trees and shrubs that have a disjunct distribution in the warmtemperate to tropical regions of eastern,southern,and southeastern Asia,eastern Australia,and the Amer...The family Symplocaceae includes over 300 species of trees and shrubs that have a disjunct distribution in the warmtemperate to tropical regions of eastern,southern,and southeastern Asia,eastern Australia,and the Americas.The family accommodates two genera,Cordyloblaste Hensch.ex Moritzi and Symplocos Jacq.,which comprises two subgenera,subg.展开更多
A fault accommodation zone is a type of structure that is defined as regulating displacement and strain between faults structure.Increasing numbers of fault accommodation zones are being identified in graben basins,in...A fault accommodation zone is a type of structure that is defined as regulating displacement and strain between faults structure.Increasing numbers of fault accommodation zones are being identified in graben basins,indicating the potential exploration target and petroleum accumulation areas.This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism and development of fault accommodation zones under combined stress by a numerical simulation method considering geomechanical modeling.Using three-dimensional(3-D)seismic interpretation and fractal dimension method,exampled with the Dongxin fault zone,the fault activity and fault combination pattern were conducted to quantitatively characterize the activity difference in fault accommodation zones.Combined with mechanical experiment test,a geomehcanical model was established for fault accommodation zones in a graben basin.Integrating the paleostress numerical simulations and structural physical simulation experiment,the developmental characteristics and genetic mechanism of fault accommodation zones were summarized.Influenced by multi movements and combined stresses,three significant tectonic evolution stages of the Dongxing Fault Zone(DXFZ)were distinguished:During the E_(s)^(3)sedimentary period,the large difference in the stress,strain,and rupture distribution in various faults were significant,and this stage was the key generation period for the prototype of the DXFZ,including the FAZ between large-scale faults.During the E_(s)^(2)sedimentary period,the EW-trending symmetric with opposite dipping normal faults and the NE-SW trending faults with large scale were furtherly developed.The junction area of two secondary normal faults were prone to be ruptured,performing significant period for inheriting and developing characteristics of fault accommodation zones.During the Es1 sedimentary period,the high-order faults in the DXFZ exhibited the obvious fault depressions and strike-slip activity,and the fault accommodation zones were furtherly inherited and developed.This stage was the molded and formative period of the FAZ,the low-order faults,and the depression in the DXFZ.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties of light responsive materials(LRM)and analyze the feasibility and biosafety of employing LRM in the preparation of accommodative intraocular le...AIM:To investigate the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties of light responsive materials(LRM)and analyze the feasibility and biosafety of employing LRM in the preparation of accommodative intraocular lenses(AIOLs).METHODS:Employing fundamental experimental research techniques,LRM with human lens epithelial cells(hLECs)and human retinal pigment epithelium cells(ARPE-19 cells)were co-cultured.Commercially available intraocular lenses(IOLs)were used as controls to perform cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),cell staining under varying light intensities,cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion experiments.RESULTS:LRM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ARPE19 cells than commercially available IOLs when co-cultured with the undiluted extract for 96h(P<0.05).Under other culturing conditions,the effects on the proliferation of hLECs and ARPE-19 cells were not significantly different between the two materials.Under the influence of light irradiation at intensities of 200 and 300 mW/cm^(2),LRM demonstrated a markedly higher inhibitory effect on the survival of hLECs compared to commercially available IOLs(P<0.0001).They also showed a stronger suppressive effect on the survival rate of ARPE-19 cells,with significant differences observed at 200 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.001)and extremely significant differences at 300 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.0001).Additionally,compared to commercially available IOLs,LRM had a higher number of cells adhering to their surface(P<0.05),as well as a significantly greater number of adherent bacterium(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:LRM,characterized by their excellent non-contact tunable deformability and low cytotoxicity to ocular tissues,show considerable potential for use in the fabrication of AIOLs.These materials demonstrate strong cell adhesion;however,during photothermal conversion processes involving shape deformation under various light intensities,the resultant temperature rise may harm surrounding cells.These factors suggest that while the material plays a positive role in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification(PCO),it also poses potential risks for retinal damage.Additionally,the strong bacterial adhesion of these materials indicates an increased risk of endophthalmitis.展开更多
AIM:To determine the smartphone use patterns and effects of smartphone use on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian teenagers.METHODS:A total of 62 participants aged between 13 and 17y were ...AIM:To determine the smartphone use patterns and effects of smartphone use on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian teenagers.METHODS:A total of 62 participants aged between 13 and 17y were involved.A self-administered questionnaires containing 12 items was used to evaluate the smartphone usage patterns.This was followed by an eye examination,involving a battery of accommodation and convergence assessments before and after the smartphone use.The data analysis comprised descriptive statistics,paired t-test,and correlation coefficients.RESULTS:The use of smartphones is at a high level and at an optimal distance daily,with more than 6h a day watching video films,games,and completing school projects.Majority of the participants not reported eye strain factors and eye prescription changes with the use of digital devices.The use of a smartphone continuously for 30min was found to significantly decrease amplitude of accommodation,accommodative facility,and positive relative accommodation(P<0.001).Meanwhile,the lag of accommodation parameters and negative relative accommodation increased with the use of smartphones significantly(P<0.001).The near point of convergence(NPC)and distance and near negative fusional vergence decreased significantly(P<0.001).The NPC parameter was found to have a weak negative association with the frequency of smartphone use(R=-0.276,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Frequent and continuous use of smartphones have increased visual stress and resulted in weakness of accommodation and vergence functions.Therefore,frequent break is mandatory when using a smartphone and appropriate visual hygiene,the 20-20-20 rule(every 20min,view something 20 feet away for 20s)are required during smartphone use to maintain visual function.展开更多
The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In h...The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care assistants.The patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing care.The hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and hospitalisation.This makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient care.How can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care system.On the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the patient.These are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and showers.The accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry facilities.In the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600721)the Key Laboratory Program of Shandong Eye Institute(NO.2014-1)+2 种基金Medicine Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2015WS0204)the Science and Technology plan of Qingdao,China(No.15-9-1-35-jch)the Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
文摘AIM： To compare the visual functional outcomes with accommodating and multifocal intraocular lenses（IOLs）.METHODS： Our retrospective comparative study included 51 patients（60 eyes） received implantation of an accommodating IOL（Tetraflex;16 patients,20 eyes）,a refractive multifocal IOL（Re Zoom;18 patients,20 eyes）,or a diffractive multifocal IOL（ZMA00;17 patients,20 eyes）.Subjective refraction,visual acuity,contrast sensitivity（CS）,intraocular aberration,and subjective photic phenomena were detected at 3mo after surgery.RESULTS： The spherical equivalent in the three groups was-0.38±0.54 D,0.14±0.56 D,and 0.35±0.41 D,respectively.No statistically significant differences were found in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity among the groups（P=0.39）.The Re Zoom group had significantly better distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity than the ZMA00 group（P=0.003）.The ZMA00 group had significantly better near visual acuity than the other groups（P〈0.05）.Better contrast sensitivity values were observed in the Tetraflex group under most of the spatial frequencies conditions（P=0.025）.The total aberration was lowest in the ZMA00 group（P=0.000）,and the spherical aberration was highest in the Tetraflex group（P=0.000）.The three groups had similar frequency of ghosting and glare,and the Tetraflex group had a low rate of halos（P=0.01）.CONCLUSION： Both accommodating and multifocal IOLs can successfully restore distance and uncorrected intermediate visual acuities.Tetraflex accommodating IOLs perform better in CS and with less halos of photic phenomena.Re Zoom refractive multifocal IOLs havebetter performance in distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity than ZMA00 diffractive multifocal IOLs,and the latter achieved better near visual acuity and efficiently decreased the optical aberration.
文摘The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.
文摘MARIA Jacobs and her husband left their home in South Africa and moved to Guangzhou, the capital city of south China＇s Guangdong Province. two years ago She enjoys her life in the city, mainly because she lives in the Ascott high-end serviced apartment complex located in the city＇s downtown area. which is not only close to all kinds of entertainment, but also offers convenient access to major business and shopping districts nearby.
文摘AIM: To compare the results of in vivo human high resolution image registration studies of the eye during accommodation to the predictions of mathematical and finite element models of accommodation. METHODS: Data from published high quality image registration studies of pilocarpine induced accommodative changes of equatorial lens radius(ELR) and central lens thickness(CLT) were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean changes in ELR and CLT were 6.76 μm/diopter and 6.51 μm/diopter, respectively. The linear regressions, reflecting the association between ELR and accommodative amplitude(AAELR) was: slope=6.58 μm/diopter, r^2=0.98, P<0.0001 and between CLT and AACLT was: slope=6.75 μm/diopter, r^2=0.83, P<0.001. On the basis of these relationships, the CLT slope and the AAELR were used to predict the measured change in ELR(ELRpredicted). There was no statistical difference between ELRpredicted and the measured ELR as demonstrated by a Student's paired t-test: P=0.96 and linear regression analysis: slope=0.97, r^2=0.98, P<0.00001.CONCLUSION: Image registration with invariant positional references demonstrates that ELR and CLT equivalently minimally increase ~7.0 μm/diopter during accommodation. The small equivalent increases in ELRand CLT are associated with a large accommodative amplitude. These findings are consistent with the predictions of mathematical and finite element models that specified the stiffness of the lens nucleus is the same or greater than the lens cortex and that accommodation involves a small force(<5 g).
文摘Psychoeducation is a structured but straightforward and effective treatment,which consists of educating patients and family members about psychiatric disorders,teaching them to cope with the illness,and supporting them during treatment.Psychoeducation as an independent treatment is effective in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Psychoeducation is a core component of cognitivebehavioural therapy(CBT)or exposure and response prevention(ERP)treatment,which are the standard psychotherapeutic treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).However,research on the benefits of psychoeducational treatments in OCD is limited compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.Very few studies have examined psychoeducation as an independent treatment for OCD,and its efficacy is not proven.The effectiveness of CBT or ERP for OCD is well established,but the contribution of psychoeducation to the efficacy of these treatments is unclear.Recently,there has been a greater understanding of maladaptive family responses,such as accommodation and antagonism,that worsen the outcome and treatment response in OCD.Family-based psychoeducational treatments targeting inappropriate family responses are effective in reducing obsessional symptoms,attenuating the negative family impact of OCD,and improving patient and family functioning.Family-based psychoeducation is a promising treatment for OCD,but there are methodological issues with the evidence,and trials among adult patients are limited compared to children and adolescents.The other obstacles to the implementation of psychoeducational treatments of OCD are the large treatment gap,lack of research from low-and middle-income countries,and the limited attempts to develop culturally adapted treatments in these countries.Thus,further research should focus on optimising psychoeducational treatments for OCD and efficiently delivering these treatments in routine clinical settings.
文摘ISO releases two standards for tourism ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Part 1:Vocabulary,were released recently,the development of which were led by China.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies on the quality of life(QOL)of university students.METHODS:This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on university students using simple random sampling.Objective refraction,ocular alignment,vergence and accommodative performance were measured and assessed in all participants.Data on QOL were collected using the College of Optometrists in Vision Development-Quality of Life(COVD-QOL)Questionnaire.The effect of mentioned parameters on the QOL were evaluated.RESULTS:Totally 726 students with mean age of 21.35±1.88y were evaluated in this study,51.5%of whom were female.Esophoria was caused significantly lower QOL in the domains of somatic symptoms and occupationalphysical symptoms(P<0.05);Besides,esotropia decreased QOL in domains of somatic symptoms P=0.002 and psychological factors(P=0.023).Students with accommodation insufficiency experienced more symptoms in all domains(P<0.05)except for psychological factors(P=0.07).Increasing in the near point of convergence and accommodation and decreases QOL and increasing accommodative facility increases QOL(all P<0.05).Myopia and astigmatism cause decrease in QOL(both P<0.05),but hyperopic students had better QOL in comparison with others(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Screening programs and treatment of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies,especially phoria and accommodative insufficiency,positively impact the QOL and academic achievements of university students.
文摘The selection of twin variants plays a critical role in shaping the deformation texture and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys that are limited by slip systems and diverse twinning modes.In this study,we investigated the twin variant selection and the effect of twinning activity on the strain hardening of a hot-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy by quasi-in-situ EBSD.Moreover,the Schmid factors and the displacement gradient tensors were computed to evaluate the activation of twin variants.The results reveal that the yield strength increased progressively after each deformation step,driven by grain subdivision and texture hardening induced by extension{1012}twinning and the Basinski effect at large strains.The nucleation and growth of the{1012}twins occurred either sequentially or simultaneously during the plastic deformation.At low plastic strains,the activation of most twin variants followed the high Schmid factor criterion while the other twin variants with lower Schmid factors were activated due to the interactions with preexisting twins characterized by high misorientation angles(around 60°).Additionally,this non-Schmid factor scenario was also attributed to low coordinated strain requirements from neighboring grains,showing the critical role of local deformation accommodation in the twinning process.These findings advance the fundamental understanding of the twin variant selection and its implications for the microstructure-property relationship in magnesium alloys for structural applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900910)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ19H120003)Basic Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou(No.Y20210194,No.Y20190638).
文摘AIM:To explore choroidal thickness(CT)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)changes around the macula and optic nerve head(ONH)using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)after small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and evaluate their associations with accommodation and aberrations.METHODS:Participants were divided into more myopic group(43 eyes)and less myopic group(33 eyes)according to refractive error.SS-OCT,negative relative accommodation(NRA),and positive relative accommodation(PRA)were analyzed before and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.Root mean square higher-order aberrations(RMS HOAs),spherical aberrations(SAs),and coma were compared preoperative,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:After surgery,RMS(0.29±0.26)and Coma(0.16±0.19)all increased.In the more myopic group,central and T macular CT(247.58±63.81 a n d 276.45±62.52μm)increased.NRA(0.41±0.51)and PRA(0.10±1.30)decreased,and SAs(0.21±0.21)increased.In the less myopic group,all regional and mean macular CT increased.NRA was correlated with mean and inferior CTs and mean ONH CVI.SE was correlated with macular CT,CVI,and ONH CT.Mean macular and ONH CTs were associated with RMS HOA,SA,and coma.Macular T2 CT was a significant predictor of SA.Macular T2 and N1 CT were correlated with coma.CONCLUSION:More variations in accommodation and aberrations and fewer choroid thickens on macular and ONH are found in more myopic eyes after SMILE.Choroidal values are associated with accommodation and aberrations during SMILE.Choroid parameters on SS-OCT varies in eyes with different refractive errors after SMILE and has an association with accommodation and visual quality.
文摘Two international standards on tourism,ISO 9468:2025,Tourism and related services-Online travel agency(OTA)-Guidelines for online accommodation booking platform services,and ISO 25639-1:2025,Exhibitions and events-Part 1:Vocabulary,were recently released by ISO,the development of which was led by China.
文摘Against the backdrop of active global responses to climate change and the accelerated green and low-carbon energy transition,the co-optimization and innovative mechanism design of multimodal energy systems have become a significant instrument for propelling the energy revolution and ensuring energy security.Under increasingly stringent carbon emission constraints,how to achieve multi-dimensional improvements in energy utilization efficiency,renewable energy accommodation levels,and system economics-through the intelligent coupling of diverse energy carriers such as electricity,heat,natural gas,and hydrogen,and the effective application of market-based instruments like carbon trading and demand response-constitutes a critical scientific and engineering challenge demanding urgent solutions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072343).
文摘Understanding interactions between gas molecules and solid surface is key to the aerodynamic design of high-speed,high-altitude aerospace vehicles,but there is a large dispersion of gas-surface interaction parameters or namely accommodation coefficients.The uncertainty results partly from different considerations of the interaction between gas molecules in various experimental and numerical methods.In this study,effects of gas-gas molecules interaction are systematically discussed by comparing two different approaches of molecular dynamics simulation of high-speed argon molecules scattering on a graphite surface.The popularly-used“single scattering”approach repeats the scattering process of a single gas molecule without considering the gas-gas molecules interaction.The newly-developed“continual scattering”approach continually shoots gas molecules at the surface,considering collisions between gas molecules in addition to gas molecules’collisions with surface.Gas-surface interaction features in the two approaches are compared and discussed under various affecting factors including rarefaction degree,gas-surface interaction strength,surface temperature and incident velocity.It is shown that these two approaches usually produce different accommodation coefficients,and the corresponding mechanisms are explained.This study could help clarify some doubts about the selection of accommodation coefficients in engineering practice,and also provide an instruction on design of an appropriate molecular dynamics simulation approach.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071139,52075167,U21A20130,U20A20275)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2023JJ30262,2023JJ30252)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0886)。
文摘In polycrystalline Mg-RE magnesium alloys,the lattice parameter,dislocation dynamics and critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)for various deformation modes are altered with the addition of RE atom,finally affecting deformation mode and strain accommodation mechanism among neighboring grains.Uniaxial compression tests were performed on as-extruded AZ81-La Mg alloy samples with the c-axis of the majority of crystals vertical to the compression direction.Twin variants and dominant slip systems were examined by electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)technique.It is found by in-grain misoriention axis(IGMA)analysis that the plastic deformation is mainly accommodated by a combination of the pyramidal slip and the basal slip.The dominant twin variant is{0112}<0111>and{1102}<1101>.Here,we applied a modified displacement gradient accommodation(m-DGA)method to evaluate the selection mechanism of twin/slip in neighbour grain stimulated by{1012}extension twin.It is found that the activated slip system and/or twin variant in the neighbouring grain is determined by the accommodation of the major shear strain induced by{1012}extension twin in such a way that strain concentration along grain boundaries can be relaxed.
基金supported in part by the Republic of Cyprus through the Research and Innovation Foundation under Project CULTURE/AWARD-YR/0322B/0003(INVERGE)in part by the Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 101075747 (TRANSIT)supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 739551 (KIOS CoE) and from the Republic of Cyprus through the Deputy Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digital Policy
文摘The stable and reliable operation of grid-integrated renewable energy systems requires advanced control and coordination of grid-side converters(GSCs),utilizing the feedback measurements of voltage and current sensors from both the direct current(DC)and alternating current(AC)sides of the converter.However,the effective operation of the converter is susceptible to sensor failures or divergence from their proper operation.Although sensor fault detection algorithms are usually effective under abrupt faults,the fault propagation effect caused by the physical interconnection between the DC and AC sides of the converter may limit the performance of the sensor fault isolation process in revealing the exact location of a potential faulty sensor.Therefore,this work proposes a robust,model-based fault isolation and accommodation scheme.Specifically,a synergistic sensor fault isolation framework based on adaptive estimation schemes is proposed for both single and multiple faults in the DC voltage and AC current sensors,considering modeling uncertainty and measurement noise.The performance analysis in terms of stability,learning capability,and fault isolability is rigorously examined.An accommodation scheme based on a virtual sensor utilizing dynamic sensor fault estimation with realtime learning capabilities is applied to a GSC.Finally,the performance of the proposed fault isolation and accommodation scheme is evaluated through simulation analysis under several scenarios involving single and multiple sensor faults.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the reliability of measurements of corneal changes with accommodation in healthy eyes using a Scheimpflug imaging-based system and how these measurements distribute in the normal population.METHODS:Prospective,non-randomized,comparative study including 27 healthy subjects(54 eyes),including emmetropia(13 eyes),myopia(17 eyes),hyperopia(4 eyes)and astigmatism(20 eyes)groups.In all cases,a complete eye examination was performed,including the analysis of corneal changes with different accommodative stimuli(+2.00,0.00 and-3.00 D)using the Pentacam AXL system.The investigation was structured in 2 phases:repeatability analysis and characterization of accommodation-related corneal changes in healthy populations.RESULTS:In the repeatability analysis,the index of height asymmetry(IHA)showed the greatest variability with the three accommodative stimuli,being the results for the rest of parameters acceptable.The group of emmetropes showed significant differences with accommodative changes in the position of maximum keratometry(Kmax;P<0.05),whereas in the astigmatism group,significant changes were not only observed in the position of Kmax,but also in minimum corneal thickness(MCT),corneal spherical aberration,and total and low order aberration root mean square(all P<0.05).Likewise,a significant difference was found in the displacement of the X position of Kmax with+2.00 D and-3.00 D in the myopia group(P=0.033)as well as in changes with+2.00 D and-3.00 D in the magnitude of the position vector of Kmax in the emmetropia group(P<0.05).No significant changes were found between accommodative stimuli in the displacement of coordinates of MCT(P≥0.109).CONCLUSION:The position of Kmax and MCT in healthy corneas can change significantly when presenting different accommodative stimuli using the accommodation mode of the Pentacam system,with different trends in these accommodation-related corneal changes between refractive errors.Likewise,the consistency of the measurements obtained with Scheimpflug has been confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.42072020,42172015,41820104002)the research fund from Shenzhen(szbo202407)+1 种基金the State program(No.123032400066-1 Geological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences)the research project No 122042700002-6(Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden,Russian Academy of Sciences)。
文摘The family Symplocaceae includes over 300 species of trees and shrubs that have a disjunct distribution in the warmtemperate to tropical regions of eastern,southern,and southeastern Asia,eastern Australia,and the Americas.The family accommodates two genera,Cordyloblaste Hensch.ex Moritzi and Symplocos Jacq.,which comprises two subgenera,subg.
基金This research was supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under grant ZD2019-183-006the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072234).The authors would like to appreciate all the people,who supported the data,testing,and analyses.Many thanks to the anonymous reviewers,whose comments improve the quality of our manuscript.
文摘A fault accommodation zone is a type of structure that is defined as regulating displacement and strain between faults structure.Increasing numbers of fault accommodation zones are being identified in graben basins,indicating the potential exploration target and petroleum accumulation areas.This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism and development of fault accommodation zones under combined stress by a numerical simulation method considering geomechanical modeling.Using three-dimensional(3-D)seismic interpretation and fractal dimension method,exampled with the Dongxin fault zone,the fault activity and fault combination pattern were conducted to quantitatively characterize the activity difference in fault accommodation zones.Combined with mechanical experiment test,a geomehcanical model was established for fault accommodation zones in a graben basin.Integrating the paleostress numerical simulations and structural physical simulation experiment,the developmental characteristics and genetic mechanism of fault accommodation zones were summarized.Influenced by multi movements and combined stresses,three significant tectonic evolution stages of the Dongxing Fault Zone(DXFZ)were distinguished:During the E_(s)^(3)sedimentary period,the large difference in the stress,strain,and rupture distribution in various faults were significant,and this stage was the key generation period for the prototype of the DXFZ,including the FAZ between large-scale faults.During the E_(s)^(2)sedimentary period,the EW-trending symmetric with opposite dipping normal faults and the NE-SW trending faults with large scale were furtherly developed.The junction area of two secondary normal faults were prone to be ruptured,performing significant period for inheriting and developing characteristics of fault accommodation zones.During the Es1 sedimentary period,the high-order faults in the DXFZ exhibited the obvious fault depressions and strike-slip activity,and the fault accommodation zones were furtherly inherited and developed.This stage was the molded and formative period of the FAZ,the low-order faults,and the depression in the DXFZ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073181,No.52273134).
文摘AIM:To investigate the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties of light responsive materials(LRM)and analyze the feasibility and biosafety of employing LRM in the preparation of accommodative intraocular lenses(AIOLs).METHODS:Employing fundamental experimental research techniques,LRM with human lens epithelial cells(hLECs)and human retinal pigment epithelium cells(ARPE-19 cells)were co-cultured.Commercially available intraocular lenses(IOLs)were used as controls to perform cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),cell staining under varying light intensities,cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion experiments.RESULTS:LRM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ARPE19 cells than commercially available IOLs when co-cultured with the undiluted extract for 96h(P<0.05).Under other culturing conditions,the effects on the proliferation of hLECs and ARPE-19 cells were not significantly different between the two materials.Under the influence of light irradiation at intensities of 200 and 300 mW/cm^(2),LRM demonstrated a markedly higher inhibitory effect on the survival of hLECs compared to commercially available IOLs(P<0.0001).They also showed a stronger suppressive effect on the survival rate of ARPE-19 cells,with significant differences observed at 200 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.001)and extremely significant differences at 300 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.0001).Additionally,compared to commercially available IOLs,LRM had a higher number of cells adhering to their surface(P<0.05),as well as a significantly greater number of adherent bacterium(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:LRM,characterized by their excellent non-contact tunable deformability and low cytotoxicity to ocular tissues,show considerable potential for use in the fabrication of AIOLs.These materials demonstrate strong cell adhesion;however,during photothermal conversion processes involving shape deformation under various light intensities,the resultant temperature rise may harm surrounding cells.These factors suggest that while the material plays a positive role in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification(PCO),it also poses potential risks for retinal damage.Additionally,the strong bacterial adhesion of these materials indicates an increased risk of endophthalmitis.
文摘AIM:To determine the smartphone use patterns and effects of smartphone use on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian teenagers.METHODS:A total of 62 participants aged between 13 and 17y were involved.A self-administered questionnaires containing 12 items was used to evaluate the smartphone usage patterns.This was followed by an eye examination,involving a battery of accommodation and convergence assessments before and after the smartphone use.The data analysis comprised descriptive statistics,paired t-test,and correlation coefficients.RESULTS:The use of smartphones is at a high level and at an optimal distance daily,with more than 6h a day watching video films,games,and completing school projects.Majority of the participants not reported eye strain factors and eye prescription changes with the use of digital devices.The use of a smartphone continuously for 30min was found to significantly decrease amplitude of accommodation,accommodative facility,and positive relative accommodation(P<0.001).Meanwhile,the lag of accommodation parameters and negative relative accommodation increased with the use of smartphones significantly(P<0.001).The near point of convergence(NPC)and distance and near negative fusional vergence decreased significantly(P<0.001).The NPC parameter was found to have a weak negative association with the frequency of smartphone use(R=-0.276,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Frequent and continuous use of smartphones have increased visual stress and resulted in weakness of accommodation and vergence functions.Therefore,frequent break is mandatory when using a smartphone and appropriate visual hygiene,the 20-20-20 rule(every 20min,view something 20 feet away for 20s)are required during smartphone use to maintain visual function.
文摘The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care assistants.The patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing care.The hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and hospitalisation.This makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient care.How can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care system.On the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the patient.These are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and showers.The accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry facilities.In the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.
