A mathematical model for system life and reliability of a multiple power takeoffs aeroengine accessory gearbox transmission is presented.The geometry model of gear train is distributed into several subsystems by diffe...A mathematical model for system life and reliability of a multiple power takeoffs aeroengine accessory gearbox transmission is presented.The geometry model of gear train is distributed into several subsystems by different transmitted powers.The lives of each component are combined to determine the units,subsystems and entire system lives sequentially according to a strict series probability model.The unit and subsystem interface models are defined to dispose the loads of common components.The algorithm verification is presented and a numerical example is given to illustrate the use of this program.The initial design could not fulfill the life requirement.A design modification shows that the gear train has a more balanced life distribution by strengthening the weak parts,and the overall life of entire system is increased above the design requirement.This program can help the designer to approach an optimal accessory gearbox transmission design efficiently.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with gallstones.However,bile duct injury is one of the most serious complications of this surgery,with an incidence...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with gallstones.However,bile duct injury is one of the most serious complications of this surgery,with an incidence rate of 0.3%-0.7%.Variations in anatomical structures are one of the main reasons for such injuries.CASE SUMMARY We report a 26-year-old male patient who presented with repeated upper abdominal pain for 1 year.Ultrasound examination and blood tests indicated gallstones accompanied by chronic cholecystitis.The patient underwent laparo-scopic cholecystectomy.During the surgery,a communicating bile duct connec-ting the gallbladder neck and the right hepatic duct was discovered and injured.Meticulous dissection identified it as a communicating accessory hepatic duct,which was then definitively ligated.Postoperatively,the patient recovered well,magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed no intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct strictures.The pathology report showed chronic cholecystitis with gallstones.CONCLUSION Carefully manage communicating accessory bile ducts in cholecystectomy using cholangiography or meticulous separation,followed by ligation is effective.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the causative agent of COVID-19,encodes several accessory proteins that have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response.Howeve...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the causative agent of COVID-19,encodes several accessory proteins that have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response.However,their expressions in infected cells and immunogenicity in infected humans and mice are still not fully understood.This study utilized various techniques such as luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS),immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and western blot(WB)to detect accessory protein-specific antibodies in sera of COVID-19 patients.Specific antibodies to proteins 3a,3b,7b,8 and 9c can be detected by LIPS,but only protein 3a antibody was detected by IFA or WB.Antibodies against proteins 3a and 7b were only detected in ICU patients,which may serve as a marker for predicting disease progression.Further,we investigated the expression of accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and identified the expressions of proteins 3a,6,7a,8,and 9b.We also analyzed their ability to induce antibodies in immunized mice and found that only proteins 3a,6,7a,8,9b and 9c were able to induce measurable antibody productions,but these antibodies lacked neutralizing activities and did not protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection.Our findings validate the expression of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins and elucidate their humoral immune response,providing a basis for protein detection assays and their role in pathogenesis.展开更多
The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologi...The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant generation.The present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from WSPF,but also reused the stripped polyacrylate(PAA)adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste generation.When the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 90°C,the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol,weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of them.Further bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2%of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF(200 g for each)without supplement of NaOH and generation of wastewater.Meanwhile,the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647%for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and input.Additionally,the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent,which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH solution.This study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius fun...BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius function.AIM To hypothesize that the lower trapezius muscle remains functional after this neve transfer.METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study,patients with BPBI who underwent nerve transfer from accessory nerve to supraclavicular were followed for at least six months following the operation and demographic data were extracted from the database.To assess the lower trapezius function,shoulder abduction and external rotation were examined,and electromyography and nerve conduction velocity(EMG-NCV)was performed.RESULTS A total of 19 patients with a mean age of 2.69±1.40 years and a mean follow-up of 10.5 months were included in the study.Shoulder abduction was disabled completely only in one patient(5.26%);10(52.63%)had good,3(15.78%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)had poor shoulder abduction.Regarding external rotation,one(5.26%)was unable to externally rotate the shoulder;among 18(94.73%)patients who had satisfactory results,8(42.10%)were evaluated to be good,5(26.31%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)poor.EMG-NCV showed functional lower trapezius in all patients;its function was evaluated to be good in 11(57.89%),moderate in 6(31.57%),and poor in 2(10.52%)cases.CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that the lower trapezius muscle has a dual motor innervation which provides the possibility of further trapezius tendon transfer to restore a better shoulder function.展开更多
Jinmao Tex(short for Chongqing Jinmao Textile Accessories Co.,Ltd.),founded in 1960,is the largest manufacturer of ring traveller and steel ring in China,and its ring traveller delivery tops in China market for more t...Jinmao Tex(short for Chongqing Jinmao Textile Accessories Co.,Ltd.),founded in 1960,is the largest manufacturer of ring traveller and steel ring in China,and its ring traveller delivery tops in China market for more than 30 consecutive years.In recent years,in order to serve the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry,Jinmao Tex invested"China Ring Traveller and Steel Ring R&D center",focused on the technological innovation of key textile accessories,developed high-performance and long-life textile accessories to assist textile mills save energy,reduce consumption,improve quality and increase efficiency.Jinmao Tex has now become a“steel ring+ring traveller”solution provider for high-speed spinning and differential fiber spinning.展开更多
In the workshop of Guangshan White Shark Card Clothing Co.,Ltd.,precision machines are meticulously crafting the tips of card clothing with millimeter-level accuracy.These seemingly tiny textile accessories play a cru...In the workshop of Guangshan White Shark Card Clothing Co.,Ltd.,precision machines are meticulously crafting the tips of card clothing with millimeter-level accuracy.These seemingly tiny textile accessories play a crucial role in the global cotton and chemical fiber industry chains.As China's textile industry encounters trade barriers in the process of globalization,this company specializing in card clothing manufacturing is striving to explore a differentiated path in overseas markets.展开更多
The development of diagnostic imaging technology, such as multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), has made it possible to obtain detailed images of the bile duct....The development of diagnostic imaging technology, such as multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), has made it possible to obtain detailed images of the bile duct. Recent reports have indicated that a 3-dimensional(3D) reconstructed imaging system would be useful for understanding the liver anatomy before surgery. We have investigated a novel method that fuses MDCT and MRCP images. This novel system easily made it possible to detect the anatomical relationship between the vessels and bile duct in the portal hepatis. In this report, we describe a very rare case of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with an accessory bile duct from the caudate lobe connecting with the intrapancreatic bile duct. We were unable to preoperatively detect this accessory bile duct using MDCT and MRCP. However, prior to the second operation, we were able to clearly visualise the injured accessory bile duct using our novel 3D imaging modality. In thisreport, we suggest that this imaging technique can be considered a novel and useful modality for understanding the anatomy of the portal hepatis, including the hilar bile duct.展开更多
The development of accessory breast tissue,which is found anywhere along the milk line,is attributed to the failure of milk line remnants to regress during embryogenesis.Primary tumors may arise from any ectopic breas...The development of accessory breast tissue,which is found anywhere along the milk line,is attributed to the failure of milk line remnants to regress during embryogenesis.Primary tumors may arise from any ectopic breast tissue.Accessory breast cancer occurring concurrently with primary invasive breast cancer is extremely rare.Two such cases were reported in this article.One was a 43-year-old Chinese female who exhibited bilateral breast cancer(invasive ductal carcinoma,not otherwise specified,IDC-NOS) and an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) incidentally identified in her left axilla.The ectopic breast tissue in her right axilla presented with adenosis.The patient was surgically treated,followed by postoperative docetaxel epirubicin(TE) chemotherapy.The second case was a 53-year-old Chinese female with bilateral breast cancer(apocrine carcinoma) accompanied by an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) in her right axilla that was also incidentally identified.The patient was surgically treated after three doses of cyclophosphamide epirubicin docetaxel(CET) neoadjuvant chemotherapy,followed by adjuvant chemotherapy of the same regimen.展开更多
We have previously demonstrated a high frequency of premature ejaculation （PE） among patients with male accessory gland infection （MAGI）. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound （US） features of pat...We have previously demonstrated a high frequency of premature ejaculation （PE） among patients with male accessory gland infection （MAGI）. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound （US） features of patients with MAGI and acquired premature ejaculation （APE） associated （MAGI-APEpos）. US evaluation of 50 MAGI-APEpos patients compared to 50 patients with MAGI without PE （MAGI-PEneg） which represent the control group. The diagnosis of APE was made through the evaluation of Intravaginal ejaculation latency time （IELT） and confirmed with the questionnaire PEDT （Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool）. The main outcome measure was represented by the frequency of US criteria suggestive of P （prostatitis）, V （vesiculitis）, and E （epididymitis） in MAGI-APEpos and MAGI-PEneg patients. MAGI-APEpos patients showed a total number of US criteria significantly higher compared to MAGI-PEneg patients. MAGI-APEpos showed a higher frequency of US criteria of V and E （complicated forms of MAGI）. Finally, in MAGI-APEpos group, it was found a positive relationship between the anteroposterior diameter （APD） of the caudal tract of the epididymis and the APD of the seminal vesicles, as well as between both diameters and the PEDT score. MAGI-APEpos patients have a peculiar US characterization compared to MAGI-PEneg patients. According to these results, US evaluation of the epididymal and of the prostato vesicular tract should be considered in the practical clinical approach of patients with MAGI and APE. In particular, it could be a SUDDort for a possible Dathoahysiological interpretation of this clinical problem in these patients.展开更多
Male accessory gland inflammation or infection （MAGI） is a potentially underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes （DM2）; specifically, we reported in a recent study that the frequency of MAGI was 43% among DM2...Male accessory gland inflammation or infection （MAGI） is a potentially underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes （DM2）; specifically, we reported in a recent study that the frequency of MAGI was 43% among DM2 patients. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that diabetic autonomic neuropathy （DAN） is associated with a peculiar ultrasound characterization of the seminal vesicles （SVs） in DM2 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of MAGI in two different categories of DM2 patients （i.e. patients with and without symptoms that possibly reflect DAN） and the respective ultrasound characterizations. Sixty DM2 patients with a mean （± s.e.m.） age of 42.0 ± 6.0 years （range： 34-47 years） were classified according to the presence or the absence of symptoms that could possibly reflect DAN （group A： DM2 with symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 28 patients and group B： DM2 without symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 32 patients）. The patients in Group A exhibited a significantly higher frequency of MAGI compared with those in group B patients （P 〈 0.05）; moreover, the Group A patients exhibited a significantly higher frequency of ultrasound signs suggestive of vesiculitis （P 〈 0.05）. Finally, the concentrations of lymphocytes but not the concentrations of the leukocytes in the semen were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） in group A compared with group B.展开更多
Bile duct injuries(BDIs)are difficult to avoid absolutely when the biliary tract has a malformation,such as accessory hepatic duct.Here,we investigated the management strategies for BDI combined with accessory hepatic...Bile duct injuries(BDIs)are difficult to avoid absolutely when the biliary tract has a malformation,such as accessory hepatic duct.Here,we investigated the management strategies for BDI combined with accessory hepatic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.展开更多
A 62-year-old man presented with upper abdominal discomfort underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a submucosal tumor (SMT) with homogenous echogenicity origina...A 62-year-old man presented with upper abdominal discomfort underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a submucosal tumor (SMT) with homogenous echogenicity originated from extragastric organs. An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed that the well-marginated ovoid mass, approximately 6 cm in diameter, enhanced homogenously to a similar degree as splenic parenchyma. 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid scintigraphy revealed the splenic nature of the mass. A diagnosis of accessory spleen mimicking gastric SMT was made. Subsequent follow-up was uneventful without performing splenectomy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accessory and cavitated uterine mass(ACUM)is an uncommon form of connate Müllerian anomaly seen in young and nulliparous women,which presents as chronic periodic pelvic pain and severe dysmenorrhea.The...BACKGROUND Accessory and cavitated uterine mass(ACUM)is an uncommon form of connate Müllerian anomaly seen in young and nulliparous women,which presents as chronic periodic pelvic pain and severe dysmenorrhea.The entity is often underdiagnosed due to a broad differential diagnosis,including rudimentary uterine horn,true cavitated adenomyosis and degenerating fibroids.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old woman who presented with severe dysmenorrhea and was initially misdiagnosed with cystic adenomyosis.Gynecological examination and ultrasonography were performed.The patient underwent laparoscopic excision of the mass and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.Postoperatively,the patient did well,with no further dysmenorrhea.CONCLUSION ACUM is difficult to diagnose.A correct diagnosis can be made only after excision and histopathological evaluation.Surgical excision is necessary and can be carried out by laparoscopy.展开更多
The accessory pancreatic duct (APD) is the main drainage duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud in the embryo,entering the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla (MIP).With the growth,the duct of the dorsal bud undergoes v...The accessory pancreatic duct (APD) is the main drainage duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud in the embryo,entering the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla (MIP).With the growth,the duct of the dorsal bud undergoes varying degrees of atrophy at the duodenal end.Patency of the APD in 291 control cases was 43% as determined by dye-injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.Patency of the APD in 46 patients with acute pancreatitis was only 17%,which was significantly lower than in control cases (P < 0.01).The terminal shape of the APD was correlated with APD patency.Based on the data about correlation between the terminal shape of the APD and its patency,the estimated APD patency in 167 patients with acute pancreatitis was 21%,which was signif icantly lower than in control cases (P < 0.01).A patent APD may function as a second drainage system for the main pancreatic duct to reduce the pressure in the main pancreatic duct and prevent acute pancreatitis.Pancreatographic f indings of 91 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) were divided into a normal duct group (80 patients) and a dorsal pancreatic duct (DPD) dominant group (11 patients).While 48 patients (60%) with biliary carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma,n=42;bile duct carcinoma,n=6) were identified in PBM with a normal pancreatic duct system,only two cases of gallbladder carcinoma (18%) occurred in DPD-dominant patients (P < 0.05).Concentration of amylase in the bile of DPD dominance was signifi cantly lower than that of normal pancreatic duct system (75 403.5 ± 82 015.4 IU/L vs 278 157.0 ± 207 395.0 IU/L,P < 0.05).In PBM with DPD dominance,most pancreatic juice in the upper DPD is drained into the duodenum via the MIP,and reflux of pancreatic juice to the biliary tract might be reduced,resulting in less frequency of associated biliary carcinoma.展开更多
Accessory gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in 1 in 4000 births, that is not associated with any specific symptoms. Usually this cannot be diagnosed on ultrasonography and hence they are usually not d...Accessory gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in 1 in 4000 births, that is not associated with any specific symptoms. Usually this cannot be diagnosed on ultrasonography and hence they are usually not diagnosed preoperatively. Removal of the accessory gallbladder is necessary to avoid recurrence of symptoms. H-type accessory gallbladder is a rare anomaly. Once identified intra-operatively during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgery is usually converted to open. By using the main gallbladder for liver traction and doing a dome down technique for the accessory gallbladder, we were able to perform the double cholecystectomy with intra-operative cholangiogram laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 27-year-old male for biliary colic. Prior imaging with computer tomography-scan and ultrasound did not show a duplicated gallbladder. Intraoperatively after ligation of cystic artery and duct an additional structure was seen on its medial aspect. Intraoperative cholangiogram confirmed the patency of intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic biliary ducts. Subsequent dissection around this structure revealed a second gallbladder with cystic duct(H-type). Pathological analysis confirmed the presence of two gallbladders with features of chronic cholecystitis. It is important to use cholangiogram to identify structural anomalies and avoid complications.展开更多
Here,we report a case of intrapancreatic accessory spleen confirmed by pathologic diagnosis and discuss its differential diagnosis and surgical management with a review of the literature.
To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Mi...To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus and reed voles Microtus fortis were compared in the present research.Mandarin voles spent significantly more time attacking and sniffing their opponents and sniffing sawdust than reed voles.During same sex encounters,mandarin voles attacked their opponents for a significantly longer time and sniffed its opponent for shorter time compared with male-female interactions.However,no significant behavioral differences were found during encounters of two individual reed voles,regardless of gender composition of the pair.Using c-Fos as an indicator of neural activation,we observed that neural activation was significantly higher in almost all sub-regions of the main olfactory bulb(MOB)and the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)of mandarin voles compared with reed voles.Numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons in almost all sub-regions of the AOB and the MOB during male-female interactions were also higher than those in interactions of the same sex.Anterior-posterior ratios of Fos-ir neurons in the AOBM(AOBMR)and the AOBG(AOBGR)in male-female interaction were significantly higher than those in interaction of the same sex.The AOBMR of male mandarin voles and reed voles were larger than those of females in male-female interactions.Behavioral patterns are consistent with cellular activity patterns.Consistent level of neural activation in MOB and AOB suggests important roles of both the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb in social interaction in two species.展开更多
In order to investigate the neuroendocrine mechanism of the mating behavior in the adult male mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus,the radioimmunoassay(RIA)and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate the d...In order to investigate the neuroendocrine mechanism of the mating behavior in the adult male mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus,the radioimmunoassay(RIA)and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate the differences in plasma testosterone(T)concentrations and distribution of T immunoreactive neurons(T-IRs),androgen receptor immunoreactive neurons(AR-IRs)and Fos protein immunoreactive neurons(Fos-IRs)in the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)and the main olfactory bulb(MOB)following exposure to clean hard-wood shavings(control group),soiled bedding(exposure group)or contact with an estrous female(mating group).Results showed that plasma T concentration was significantly higher in the mating group than that in the exposure group,and both the mating group and the exposure group displayed significantly higher plasma T concentration than the control group.T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs were investigated with the immunohistochemistry method in granule cell(GC)and mitral cell(MC)of the MOB and the AOB in the three groups.There were significantly more T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs in MC and GC of the AOB in the mating group than that in the exposure group or the control group.T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs did not show significant differences between the exposure group and the control group.Furthermore,obvious differences in MC and GC of the MOB were not found among the three groups.The results confirm that both changes of T and AR in the AOB might be underlying mating behavior in the adult male mandarin voles.展开更多
文摘A mathematical model for system life and reliability of a multiple power takeoffs aeroengine accessory gearbox transmission is presented.The geometry model of gear train is distributed into several subsystems by different transmitted powers.The lives of each component are combined to determine the units,subsystems and entire system lives sequentially according to a strict series probability model.The unit and subsystem interface models are defined to dispose the loads of common components.The algorithm verification is presented and a numerical example is given to illustrate the use of this program.The initial design could not fulfill the life requirement.A design modification shows that the gear train has a more balanced life distribution by strengthening the weak parts,and the overall life of entire system is increased above the design requirement.This program can help the designer to approach an optimal accessory gearbox transmission design efficiently.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with gallstones.However,bile duct injury is one of the most serious complications of this surgery,with an incidence rate of 0.3%-0.7%.Variations in anatomical structures are one of the main reasons for such injuries.CASE SUMMARY We report a 26-year-old male patient who presented with repeated upper abdominal pain for 1 year.Ultrasound examination and blood tests indicated gallstones accompanied by chronic cholecystitis.The patient underwent laparo-scopic cholecystectomy.During the surgery,a communicating bile duct connec-ting the gallbladder neck and the right hepatic duct was discovered and injured.Meticulous dissection identified it as a communicating accessory hepatic duct,which was then definitively ligated.Postoperatively,the patient recovered well,magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed no intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct strictures.The pathology report showed chronic cholecystitis with gallstones.CONCLUSION Carefully manage communicating accessory bile ducts in cholecystectomy using cholangiography or meticulous separation,followed by ligation is effective.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82002127,81971500,82025001,82172240)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2301700,2022YFC2604100)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515020059,2021B1515130005)R&D Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(EKPG21-30-2).
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the causative agent of COVID-19,encodes several accessory proteins that have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response.However,their expressions in infected cells and immunogenicity in infected humans and mice are still not fully understood.This study utilized various techniques such as luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS),immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and western blot(WB)to detect accessory protein-specific antibodies in sera of COVID-19 patients.Specific antibodies to proteins 3a,3b,7b,8 and 9c can be detected by LIPS,but only protein 3a antibody was detected by IFA or WB.Antibodies against proteins 3a and 7b were only detected in ICU patients,which may serve as a marker for predicting disease progression.Further,we investigated the expression of accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and identified the expressions of proteins 3a,6,7a,8,and 9b.We also analyzed their ability to induce antibodies in immunized mice and found that only proteins 3a,6,7a,8,9b and 9c were able to induce measurable antibody productions,but these antibodies lacked neutralizing activities and did not protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection.Our findings validate the expression of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins and elucidate their humoral immune response,providing a basis for protein detection assays and their role in pathogenesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177354)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Scheme(No.2024A04J6358)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC0214402).
文摘The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant generation.The present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from WSPF,but also reused the stripped polyacrylate(PAA)adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste generation.When the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 90°C,the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol,weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of them.Further bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2%of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF(200 g for each)without supplement of NaOH and generation of wastewater.Meanwhile,the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647%for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and input.Additionally,the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent,which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH solution.This study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry.
文摘BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius function.AIM To hypothesize that the lower trapezius muscle remains functional after this neve transfer.METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study,patients with BPBI who underwent nerve transfer from accessory nerve to supraclavicular were followed for at least six months following the operation and demographic data were extracted from the database.To assess the lower trapezius function,shoulder abduction and external rotation were examined,and electromyography and nerve conduction velocity(EMG-NCV)was performed.RESULTS A total of 19 patients with a mean age of 2.69±1.40 years and a mean follow-up of 10.5 months were included in the study.Shoulder abduction was disabled completely only in one patient(5.26%);10(52.63%)had good,3(15.78%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)had poor shoulder abduction.Regarding external rotation,one(5.26%)was unable to externally rotate the shoulder;among 18(94.73%)patients who had satisfactory results,8(42.10%)were evaluated to be good,5(26.31%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)poor.EMG-NCV showed functional lower trapezius in all patients;its function was evaluated to be good in 11(57.89%),moderate in 6(31.57%),and poor in 2(10.52%)cases.CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that the lower trapezius muscle has a dual motor innervation which provides the possibility of further trapezius tendon transfer to restore a better shoulder function.
文摘Jinmao Tex(short for Chongqing Jinmao Textile Accessories Co.,Ltd.),founded in 1960,is the largest manufacturer of ring traveller and steel ring in China,and its ring traveller delivery tops in China market for more than 30 consecutive years.In recent years,in order to serve the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry,Jinmao Tex invested"China Ring Traveller and Steel Ring R&D center",focused on the technological innovation of key textile accessories,developed high-performance and long-life textile accessories to assist textile mills save energy,reduce consumption,improve quality and increase efficiency.Jinmao Tex has now become a“steel ring+ring traveller”solution provider for high-speed spinning and differential fiber spinning.
文摘In the workshop of Guangshan White Shark Card Clothing Co.,Ltd.,precision machines are meticulously crafting the tips of card clothing with millimeter-level accuracy.These seemingly tiny textile accessories play a crucial role in the global cotton and chemical fiber industry chains.As China's textile industry encounters trade barriers in the process of globalization,this company specializing in card clothing manufacturing is striving to explore a differentiated path in overseas markets.
文摘The development of diagnostic imaging technology, such as multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), has made it possible to obtain detailed images of the bile duct. Recent reports have indicated that a 3-dimensional(3D) reconstructed imaging system would be useful for understanding the liver anatomy before surgery. We have investigated a novel method that fuses MDCT and MRCP images. This novel system easily made it possible to detect the anatomical relationship between the vessels and bile duct in the portal hepatis. In this report, we describe a very rare case of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with an accessory bile duct from the caudate lobe connecting with the intrapancreatic bile duct. We were unable to preoperatively detect this accessory bile duct using MDCT and MRCP. However, prior to the second operation, we were able to clearly visualise the injured accessory bile duct using our novel 3D imaging modality. In thisreport, we suggest that this imaging technique can be considered a novel and useful modality for understanding the anatomy of the portal hepatis, including the hilar bile duct.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30930038)National"973"Program of China(No.2009CB521700+1 种基金2009CB918903)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT0743)
文摘The development of accessory breast tissue,which is found anywhere along the milk line,is attributed to the failure of milk line remnants to regress during embryogenesis.Primary tumors may arise from any ectopic breast tissue.Accessory breast cancer occurring concurrently with primary invasive breast cancer is extremely rare.Two such cases were reported in this article.One was a 43-year-old Chinese female who exhibited bilateral breast cancer(invasive ductal carcinoma,not otherwise specified,IDC-NOS) and an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) incidentally identified in her left axilla.The ectopic breast tissue in her right axilla presented with adenosis.The patient was surgically treated,followed by postoperative docetaxel epirubicin(TE) chemotherapy.The second case was a 53-year-old Chinese female with bilateral breast cancer(apocrine carcinoma) accompanied by an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) in her right axilla that was also incidentally identified.The patient was surgically treated after three doses of cyclophosphamide epirubicin docetaxel(CET) neoadjuvant chemotherapy,followed by adjuvant chemotherapy of the same regimen.
文摘We have previously demonstrated a high frequency of premature ejaculation （PE） among patients with male accessory gland infection （MAGI）. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound （US） features of patients with MAGI and acquired premature ejaculation （APE） associated （MAGI-APEpos）. US evaluation of 50 MAGI-APEpos patients compared to 50 patients with MAGI without PE （MAGI-PEneg） which represent the control group. The diagnosis of APE was made through the evaluation of Intravaginal ejaculation latency time （IELT） and confirmed with the questionnaire PEDT （Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool）. The main outcome measure was represented by the frequency of US criteria suggestive of P （prostatitis）, V （vesiculitis）, and E （epididymitis） in MAGI-APEpos and MAGI-PEneg patients. MAGI-APEpos patients showed a total number of US criteria significantly higher compared to MAGI-PEneg patients. MAGI-APEpos showed a higher frequency of US criteria of V and E （complicated forms of MAGI）. Finally, in MAGI-APEpos group, it was found a positive relationship between the anteroposterior diameter （APD） of the caudal tract of the epididymis and the APD of the seminal vesicles, as well as between both diameters and the PEDT score. MAGI-APEpos patients have a peculiar US characterization compared to MAGI-PEneg patients. According to these results, US evaluation of the epididymal and of the prostato vesicular tract should be considered in the practical clinical approach of patients with MAGI and APE. In particular, it could be a SUDDort for a possible Dathoahysiological interpretation of this clinical problem in these patients.
文摘Male accessory gland inflammation or infection （MAGI） is a potentially underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes （DM2）; specifically, we reported in a recent study that the frequency of MAGI was 43% among DM2 patients. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that diabetic autonomic neuropathy （DAN） is associated with a peculiar ultrasound characterization of the seminal vesicles （SVs） in DM2 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of MAGI in two different categories of DM2 patients （i.e. patients with and without symptoms that possibly reflect DAN） and the respective ultrasound characterizations. Sixty DM2 patients with a mean （± s.e.m.） age of 42.0 ± 6.0 years （range： 34-47 years） were classified according to the presence or the absence of symptoms that could possibly reflect DAN （group A： DM2 with symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 28 patients and group B： DM2 without symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 32 patients）. The patients in Group A exhibited a significantly higher frequency of MAGI compared with those in group B patients （P 〈 0.05）; moreover, the Group A patients exhibited a significantly higher frequency of ultrasound signs suggestive of vesiculitis （P 〈 0.05）. Finally, the concentrations of lymphocytes but not the concentrations of the leukocytes in the semen were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） in group A compared with group B.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Projects under Grant,No.2013C33214Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant,No.LQ14H160001
文摘Bile duct injuries(BDIs)are difficult to avoid absolutely when the biliary tract has a malformation,such as accessory hepatic duct.Here,we investigated the management strategies for BDI combined with accessory hepatic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
文摘A 62-year-old man presented with upper abdominal discomfort underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a submucosal tumor (SMT) with homogenous echogenicity originated from extragastric organs. An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed that the well-marginated ovoid mass, approximately 6 cm in diameter, enhanced homogenously to a similar degree as splenic parenchyma. 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid scintigraphy revealed the splenic nature of the mass. A diagnosis of accessory spleen mimicking gastric SMT was made. Subsequent follow-up was uneventful without performing splenectomy.
文摘BACKGROUND Accessory and cavitated uterine mass(ACUM)is an uncommon form of connate Müllerian anomaly seen in young and nulliparous women,which presents as chronic periodic pelvic pain and severe dysmenorrhea.The entity is often underdiagnosed due to a broad differential diagnosis,including rudimentary uterine horn,true cavitated adenomyosis and degenerating fibroids.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old woman who presented with severe dysmenorrhea and was initially misdiagnosed with cystic adenomyosis.Gynecological examination and ultrasonography were performed.The patient underwent laparoscopic excision of the mass and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.Postoperatively,the patient did well,with no further dysmenorrhea.CONCLUSION ACUM is difficult to diagnose.A correct diagnosis can be made only after excision and histopathological evaluation.Surgical excision is necessary and can be carried out by laparoscopy.
文摘The accessory pancreatic duct (APD) is the main drainage duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud in the embryo,entering the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla (MIP).With the growth,the duct of the dorsal bud undergoes varying degrees of atrophy at the duodenal end.Patency of the APD in 291 control cases was 43% as determined by dye-injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.Patency of the APD in 46 patients with acute pancreatitis was only 17%,which was significantly lower than in control cases (P < 0.01).The terminal shape of the APD was correlated with APD patency.Based on the data about correlation between the terminal shape of the APD and its patency,the estimated APD patency in 167 patients with acute pancreatitis was 21%,which was signif icantly lower than in control cases (P < 0.01).A patent APD may function as a second drainage system for the main pancreatic duct to reduce the pressure in the main pancreatic duct and prevent acute pancreatitis.Pancreatographic f indings of 91 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) were divided into a normal duct group (80 patients) and a dorsal pancreatic duct (DPD) dominant group (11 patients).While 48 patients (60%) with biliary carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma,n=42;bile duct carcinoma,n=6) were identified in PBM with a normal pancreatic duct system,only two cases of gallbladder carcinoma (18%) occurred in DPD-dominant patients (P < 0.05).Concentration of amylase in the bile of DPD dominance was signifi cantly lower than that of normal pancreatic duct system (75 403.5 ± 82 015.4 IU/L vs 278 157.0 ± 207 395.0 IU/L,P < 0.05).In PBM with DPD dominance,most pancreatic juice in the upper DPD is drained into the duodenum via the MIP,and reflux of pancreatic juice to the biliary tract might be reduced,resulting in less frequency of associated biliary carcinoma.
文摘Accessory gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in 1 in 4000 births, that is not associated with any specific symptoms. Usually this cannot be diagnosed on ultrasonography and hence they are usually not diagnosed preoperatively. Removal of the accessory gallbladder is necessary to avoid recurrence of symptoms. H-type accessory gallbladder is a rare anomaly. Once identified intra-operatively during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgery is usually converted to open. By using the main gallbladder for liver traction and doing a dome down technique for the accessory gallbladder, we were able to perform the double cholecystectomy with intra-operative cholangiogram laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 27-year-old male for biliary colic. Prior imaging with computer tomography-scan and ultrasound did not show a duplicated gallbladder. Intraoperatively after ligation of cystic artery and duct an additional structure was seen on its medial aspect. Intraoperative cholangiogram confirmed the patency of intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic biliary ducts. Subsequent dissection around this structure revealed a second gallbladder with cystic duct(H-type). Pathological analysis confirmed the presence of two gallbladders with features of chronic cholecystitis. It is important to use cholangiogram to identify structural anomalies and avoid complications.
文摘Here,we report a case of intrapancreatic accessory spleen confirmed by pathologic diagnosis and discuss its differential diagnosis and surgical management with a review of the literature.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670273No.30200026)Ministry of Education Key Project of Peoples Republic of China(20060718)
文摘To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus and reed voles Microtus fortis were compared in the present research.Mandarin voles spent significantly more time attacking and sniffing their opponents and sniffing sawdust than reed voles.During same sex encounters,mandarin voles attacked their opponents for a significantly longer time and sniffed its opponent for shorter time compared with male-female interactions.However,no significant behavioral differences were found during encounters of two individual reed voles,regardless of gender composition of the pair.Using c-Fos as an indicator of neural activation,we observed that neural activation was significantly higher in almost all sub-regions of the main olfactory bulb(MOB)and the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)of mandarin voles compared with reed voles.Numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons in almost all sub-regions of the AOB and the MOB during male-female interactions were also higher than those in interactions of the same sex.Anterior-posterior ratios of Fos-ir neurons in the AOBM(AOBMR)and the AOBG(AOBGR)in male-female interaction were significantly higher than those in interaction of the same sex.The AOBMR of male mandarin voles and reed voles were larger than those of females in male-female interactions.Behavioral patterns are consistent with cellular activity patterns.Consistent level of neural activation in MOB and AOB suggests important roles of both the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb in social interaction in two species.
基金funded by theNatural Science Foundation of China(30670273)Natural Science Foundation of ShaanXi(2008C269)+1 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an Burea of Science and Technology(YF07194)Special Science Research Fund for Xi'an University of Arts and Science(KY200520)
文摘In order to investigate the neuroendocrine mechanism of the mating behavior in the adult male mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus,the radioimmunoassay(RIA)and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate the differences in plasma testosterone(T)concentrations and distribution of T immunoreactive neurons(T-IRs),androgen receptor immunoreactive neurons(AR-IRs)and Fos protein immunoreactive neurons(Fos-IRs)in the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)and the main olfactory bulb(MOB)following exposure to clean hard-wood shavings(control group),soiled bedding(exposure group)or contact with an estrous female(mating group).Results showed that plasma T concentration was significantly higher in the mating group than that in the exposure group,and both the mating group and the exposure group displayed significantly higher plasma T concentration than the control group.T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs were investigated with the immunohistochemistry method in granule cell(GC)and mitral cell(MC)of the MOB and the AOB in the three groups.There were significantly more T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs in MC and GC of the AOB in the mating group than that in the exposure group or the control group.T-IRs,AR-IRs and Fos-IRs did not show significant differences between the exposure group and the control group.Furthermore,obvious differences in MC and GC of the MOB were not found among the three groups.The results confirm that both changes of T and AR in the AOB might be underlying mating behavior in the adult male mandarin voles.
