Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength w...Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen,southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients(σabs) and absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE) in the coastal city.Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabsat 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm-1,respectively. σabspresented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabswas low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabsof BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm-1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE(1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions(47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China.展开更多
Biomass burning is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influences the Earth's radiation balance.However,the spectral light absorption properties of biomass burning aerosols(BBAs),particularl...Biomass burning is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influences the Earth's radiation balance.However,the spectral light absorption properties of biomass burning aerosols(BBAs),particularly the contribution of brown carbon(BrC),remain poorly constrained due to reliance on laboratory measurements that may not accurately represent real-world atmospheric conditions.To address this limitation,we developed an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)based-platform for direct in-situ measurements of BBAs in the ambient atmosphere over the rural North China Plain.This approach reduces biases inherent to laboratory chamber experiments and enables a more realistic characterization of BBAs absorption properties.Our measurements revealed that the absorption?ngstr?m exponent(AAE)for typical residential biomass burning was 3.70±0.04 under smoldering conditions and 1.50±0.08 under flaming conditions.Variations in AAE were driven primarily by combustion conditions and smoke humidity rather than fuel type.Additionally,field-observed OC/EC ratios were up to ten times higher than those reported in laboratory chamber studies,resulting in systematically lower mass absorption cross-sections.This finding suggests that the BBAs light absorption and radiative forcing estimates in the North China Plain may be systematically overestimated by chamber-based studies.Notably,under smoldering conditions,BrC absorption at 375 nm was up to 6.6 times greater than that of black carbon(BC)once mass emissions are considered,emphasizing that strategies aiming at reducing smoldering combustion could be particularly effective in mitigating the ultraviolet radiative effects of BBAs.Our results demonstrate that ambient atmospheric measurements are essential for accurately constraining BBAs absorption properties and their climate impacts.展开更多
Black carbon(BC)aerosol can lead to adverse health effects and drive climate change;therefore,the characteristic research and identification of BC sources are essential for lowering emissions.In this study,equivalent ...Black carbon(BC)aerosol can lead to adverse health effects and drive climate change;therefore,the characteristic research and identification of BC sources are essential for lowering emissions.In this study,equivalent black carbon(eBC)measurement was performed using a seven-wavelength Aethalometer(AE33)at an urban site in a typical industrial city(Zibo)of Northern China for the first time.The monitoring was performed from February 2021 to January 2022.The mass absorption cross-section(MAC)of AE33 was optimised using the online elemental carbon(EC)data,and eBC was corrected using the MAC.The corrected annual BC concentration was 1.72±1.18μg/m^(3).The diurnal variation of BC depicted a bimodal distribution.Furthermore,the BC concentration on weekends was 18%lower than on weekdays.The diurnal variation and weekend effect reflect the critical contributions of traffic emission to BC concentration.The source apportionment of BC was calculated by a constraining Aethalometer model,which restricted theÅngstrom exponent using the online potassium ions.The results revealed that BC was not significantly affected by biomass burning(BC_(bb))in Zibo.The relative contribution of BC_(bb)was higher in winter than in other seasons.The daily morning peak of BC was primarily influenced by traffic sources,whereas the contribution of biomass burning increased after 17:00 in the evening peak.Our findings suggest that it is more important to control fossil fuel sources for BC emission reduction in Zibo,while it is necessary to strengthen the control of biomass combustion sources in winter.展开更多
CO2 和 CO 被称为燃烧效率指示性气体燃烧流场中 CO2 的精确测量对工业燃烧过程的节能减排和发动机燃烧状态诊断等都具有重要意义.研究 CO2 气体的高温光谱参数包括:线强、自加宽系数、温度系数可提高燃烧过程中 CO2 浓度的测量精度和...CO2 和 CO 被称为燃烧效率指示性气体燃烧流场中 CO2 的精确测量对工业燃烧过程的节能减排和发动机燃烧状态诊断等都具有重要意义.研究 CO2 气体的高温光谱参数包括:线强、自加宽系数、温度系数可提高燃烧过程中 CO2 浓度的测量精度和可靠性.为了获得可用于燃烧诊断的 CO2 吸收线的高温光谱参数基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术设计了一套最高温度可达2-0173 K 的精确控温控压气体光谱参数测量系统.采用该系统开展了CO2R(50e)吸收线(中心频率为5007.787cm )的高温光谱测量实验获得了温度范围1212~1873K内多个压强下的纯 CO2 气体的大量高温吸收光谱经热辐射背景扣除、基线拟合、时频转换、多线组合非线性最小二乘法拟合等数据处理过程得到温度范围1212~1873K内CO2R(50e)吸收线的线强、自加宽系数及温度系数其中线强不确定度<1.5%自加宽系数不确定度小于4.5%.这些参数是对现有数据库的补充和完善对燃烧诊断中的CO2浓度检测有很大帮助能够满足燃烧过程中 CO2 浓度精确反演的需求.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21607148, U1405235, 41575146, 21507127)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0200500)+2 种基金the Fujian Natural Science Foundation (2017J01082)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2016279)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Project
文摘Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen,southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients(σabs) and absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE) in the coastal city.Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabsat 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm-1,respectively. σabspresented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabswas low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabsof BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm-1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE(1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions(47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42205131)the China Scholarship Council。
文摘Biomass burning is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influences the Earth's radiation balance.However,the spectral light absorption properties of biomass burning aerosols(BBAs),particularly the contribution of brown carbon(BrC),remain poorly constrained due to reliance on laboratory measurements that may not accurately represent real-world atmospheric conditions.To address this limitation,we developed an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)based-platform for direct in-situ measurements of BBAs in the ambient atmosphere over the rural North China Plain.This approach reduces biases inherent to laboratory chamber experiments and enables a more realistic characterization of BBAs absorption properties.Our measurements revealed that the absorption?ngstr?m exponent(AAE)for typical residential biomass burning was 3.70±0.04 under smoldering conditions and 1.50±0.08 under flaming conditions.Variations in AAE were driven primarily by combustion conditions and smoke humidity rather than fuel type.Additionally,field-observed OC/EC ratios were up to ten times higher than those reported in laboratory chamber studies,resulting in systematically lower mass absorption cross-sections.This finding suggests that the BBAs light absorption and radiative forcing estimates in the North China Plain may be systematically overestimated by chamber-based studies.Notably,under smoldering conditions,BrC absorption at 375 nm was up to 6.6 times greater than that of black carbon(BC)once mass emissions are considered,emphasizing that strategies aiming at reducing smoldering combustion could be particularly effective in mitigating the ultraviolet radiative effects of BBAs.Our results demonstrate that ambient atmospheric measurements are essential for accurately constraining BBAs absorption properties and their climate impacts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0212501 and 2017YFC0212503).
文摘Black carbon(BC)aerosol can lead to adverse health effects and drive climate change;therefore,the characteristic research and identification of BC sources are essential for lowering emissions.In this study,equivalent black carbon(eBC)measurement was performed using a seven-wavelength Aethalometer(AE33)at an urban site in a typical industrial city(Zibo)of Northern China for the first time.The monitoring was performed from February 2021 to January 2022.The mass absorption cross-section(MAC)of AE33 was optimised using the online elemental carbon(EC)data,and eBC was corrected using the MAC.The corrected annual BC concentration was 1.72±1.18μg/m^(3).The diurnal variation of BC depicted a bimodal distribution.Furthermore,the BC concentration on weekends was 18%lower than on weekdays.The diurnal variation and weekend effect reflect the critical contributions of traffic emission to BC concentration.The source apportionment of BC was calculated by a constraining Aethalometer model,which restricted theÅngstrom exponent using the online potassium ions.The results revealed that BC was not significantly affected by biomass burning(BC_(bb))in Zibo.The relative contribution of BC_(bb)was higher in winter than in other seasons.The daily morning peak of BC was primarily influenced by traffic sources,whereas the contribution of biomass burning increased after 17:00 in the evening peak.Our findings suggest that it is more important to control fossil fuel sources for BC emission reduction in Zibo,while it is necessary to strengthen the control of biomass combustion sources in winter.
文摘CO2 和 CO 被称为燃烧效率指示性气体燃烧流场中 CO2 的精确测量对工业燃烧过程的节能减排和发动机燃烧状态诊断等都具有重要意义.研究 CO2 气体的高温光谱参数包括:线强、自加宽系数、温度系数可提高燃烧过程中 CO2 浓度的测量精度和可靠性.为了获得可用于燃烧诊断的 CO2 吸收线的高温光谱参数基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术设计了一套最高温度可达2-0173 K 的精确控温控压气体光谱参数测量系统.采用该系统开展了CO2R(50e)吸收线(中心频率为5007.787cm )的高温光谱测量实验获得了温度范围1212~1873K内多个压强下的纯 CO2 气体的大量高温吸收光谱经热辐射背景扣除、基线拟合、时频转换、多线组合非线性最小二乘法拟合等数据处理过程得到温度范围1212~1873K内CO2R(50e)吸收线的线强、自加宽系数及温度系数其中线强不确定度<1.5%自加宽系数不确定度小于4.5%.这些参数是对现有数据库的补充和完善对燃烧诊断中的CO2浓度检测有很大帮助能够满足燃烧过程中 CO2 浓度精确反演的需求.
