This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal h...This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
The integration of interfacial photothermal conversion and hydrovoltaic effect into bifunctional evaporators has emerged as a hopeful approach to address water and energy scarcities.However,developing low-cost bifunct...The integration of interfacial photothermal conversion and hydrovoltaic effect into bifunctional evaporators has emerged as a hopeful approach to address water and energy scarcities.However,developing low-cost bifunctional evaporators and elucidating the freshwater-electricity co-generation mechanism remain challenging.In this work,we prepare porous carbon from waste polyester through a metalorganic framework(MOF)-assisted carbonization strategy and subsequently fabricate a bifunctional evaporator for freshwater-hydroelectricity co-generation.The porous carbon contains rich oxygen-containing groups and shows hierarchical micro-and mesopores with a high specific surface area of 904 m^(2)g^(-1).The porous carbon-based evaporator shows broadband and high light absorption,localized thermal management,good hydrophilicity,and high flexibility.Benefiting from these merits,it achieves high-performance freshwater and hydroelectricity co-generation,with the opencircuit voltage of 250 mV,the short-circuit current of 14μA,and the evaporation rate of 2.34 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Hence,it is ranked among the most efficient freshwater-hydroelectricity co-generator.Additionally,the weakened hydrogen-bonding network reduces water evaporation enthalpy to 1.7 kJ g^(-1).Mechanistic investigations reveal that selective Na+interaction induces differential ion migration rate to generate streaming potential,as evidenced by molecular dynamics simulations.Meanwhile,the photothermal effect enhances voltage output by promoting interfacial ion concentration gradients.During the outdoor freshwater-electricity co-generation,it shows the voltage output of 250 mV and freshwater production of 2.34 kg m-2.This work not only puts forward a new platform to fabricate advanced evaporators from low-cost waste plastics but also unravels the freshwater-electricity co-generation mechanism,offering scalable strategies to tackle freshwater and energy crises.展开更多
Chitosan(CS),a natural polymer derived from chitin found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans,has garnered significant interest in the pharmaceutical field due to its unique properties,including biocompatibility and bio...Chitosan(CS),a natural polymer derived from chitin found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans,has garnered significant interest in the pharmaceutical field due to its unique properties,including biocompatibility and biodegradability.In recent years,various studies have reported that CS can affect drug bioavailability,and interestingly,it works as an oral absorption enhancer and inhibitor.This review offers an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon and supports its application as a pharmaceutical excipient.CS enhances oral drug absorption through various mechanisms,such as interaction with the intestinal mucosa,tight junction modulation,inhibition of efflux transporters,enzyme inhibition,solubility and stability enhancement,and complexation.On the other side,CS exhibits the ability to inhibit the absorption of certain drugs by adsorbing to lipids and sterols,modulating bile acids and gut microbiota,altering drug-cell interaction at the polar interface,and mucus-mediated entrapment and interference.Future potential pharmaceutical research in this field includes elucidating the underneath absorption relevant mechanisms,rational use in formulations as excipient,exploring functional CS derivatives,and developing CS-based drug delivery systems.This comprehensive review highlights CS's versatile and significant role in enhancing and inhibiting oral drug absorption,providing insights into the complexities of drug delivery and the potential of CS to improve therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the...Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the shielding effectiveness of the composite structure.Firstly,the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the shielding effectiveness of biochar was investigated.Secondly,biochars combined with YIG nanocrystals with different contents and shielding effectiveness of the composites were investigated.The electromagnetic effectiveness of the samples was investigated within the X band(8-12 GHz).The findings indicate that biochar demonstrates enhanced absorption properties with elevated pyrolysis temperatures.Biochars demonstrated an approximate 40 d B shielding effectiveness,while YIG exhibited approximately 7 d B,corresponding to absorption at 8 GHz.However,the combination of biochar and YIG exhibited exceptional absorption,reaching 67.12 d B at 8 GHz.展开更多
The global energy crisis and electricity shortage pose unprecedented challenges.Bio-based solar-driven ionic power generation devices with flexibility,photothermal self-healing and scalability hold great promise for s...The global energy crisis and electricity shortage pose unprecedented challenges.Bio-based solar-driven ionic power generation devices with flexibility,photothermal self-healing and scalability hold great promise for sustainable electricity and alleviating energy crisis.Here,inspired by plant transpiration,a multifunctional bio-based ion conductive elastomer with solar power generation capability was designed by engineered synergy among epoxy natural rubber,cellulose nanofibrils,lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and eumelanin.The film exhibits an outstanding stretchability(1072%)and toughness(22.7 MJ m^(-3)).The favorable synergy of low thermal conductivity,high hygroscopicity and photothermal conversion performance endowed the film with a large thermal gradient under light illumination,driving efficient water transpiration.Furthermore,the excellent interfacial compatibility between eumelanin and matrix facilitates the formation of space charge regions,which further enhances Li^(+)transport.The film demonstrates excellent evaporation rate(2.83 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)),output voltage(0.47 V)and conductivity(5.11×10^(-2)S m^(-1)).Notably,the film exhibits remarkable photothermal self-healing performance even in saline environment,achieving 99.6%healing efficiency of output voltage.Therefore,the film demonstrates significant prospects for applications in photo-thermoelectric generation and solar-driven ionic power generation.展开更多
The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location re...The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location reidentification and correlation attacks.To address these challenges,privacy-preserving trajectory generation methods are critical for applications relying on sensitive location data.This paper introduces DPIL-Traj,an advanced framework designed to generate synthetic trajectories while achieving a superior balance between data utility and privacy preservation.Firstly,the framework incorporates Differential Privacy Clustering,which anonymizes trajectory data by applying differential privacy techniques that add noise,ensuring the protection of sensitive user information.Secondly,Imitation Learning is used to replicate decision-making behaviors observed in real-world trajectories.By learning from expert trajectories,this component generates synthetic data that closely mimics real-world decision-making processes while optimizing the quality of the generated trajectories.Finally,Markov-based Trajectory Generation is employed to capture and maintain the inherent temporal dynamics of movement patterns.Extensive experiments conducted on the GeoLife trajectory dataset show that DPIL-Traj improves utility performance by an average of 19.85%,and in terms of privacy performance by an average of 12.51%,compared to state-of-the-art approaches.Ablation studies further reveal that DP clustering effectively safeguards privacy,imitation learning enhances utility under noise,and the Markov module strengthens temporal coherence.展开更多
With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the pres...With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the present study explores the implications of integrating image-generative AI into Landscape Architecture courses from three perspectives: stimulating students creative design potential, expanding approaches to form and concept generation, and enhancing the visualization of spatial scenes. Furthermore, it discusses application strategies from three dimensions: AI-assisted conceptual generation, human-machine collaboration for design refinement, and optimization of scheme presentation and evaluation. This paper aims to provide relevant educators with insights and references.展开更多
Small datasets are often challenging due to their limited sample size.This research introduces a novel solution to these problems:average linkage virtual sample generation(ALVSG).ALVSG leverages the underlying data st...Small datasets are often challenging due to their limited sample size.This research introduces a novel solution to these problems:average linkage virtual sample generation(ALVSG).ALVSG leverages the underlying data structure to create virtual samples,which can be used to augment the original dataset.The ALVSG process consists of two steps.First,an average-linkage clustering technique is applied to the dataset to create a dendrogram.The dendrogram represents the hierarchical structure of the dataset,with each merging operation regarded as a linkage.Next,the linkages are combined into an average-based dataset,which serves as a new representation of the dataset.The second step in the ALVSG process involves generating virtual samples using the average-based dataset.The research project generates a set of 100 virtual samples by uniformly distributing them within the provided boundary.These virtual samples are then added to the original dataset,creating a more extensive dataset with improved generalization performance.The efficacy of the ALVSG approach is validated through resampling experiments and t-tests conducted on two small real-world datasets.The experiments are conducted on three forecasting models:the support vector machine for regression(SVR),the deep learning model(DL),and XGBoost.The results show that the ALVSG approach outperforms the baseline methods in terms of mean square error(MSE),root mean square error(RMSE),and mean absolute error(MAE).展开更多
High-precision optical frequency measurement serves as a cornerstone of modern science and technology,enabling advancements in fields ranging from fundamental physics to quantum information technologies.Obtaining prec...High-precision optical frequency measurement serves as a cornerstone of modern science and technology,enabling advancements in fields ranging from fundamental physics to quantum information technologies.Obtaining precise photon frequencies,especially in the ultraviolet or even extreme ultraviolet regimes,is a key goal in both light–matter interaction experiments and engineering applications.High-order harmonic generation(HHG)is an ideal light source for producing such photons.In this work,we propose an optical temporal interference model(OTIM)that establishes an analogy with multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction(MSFD)to manipulate fine-frequency photon generation by exploiting the temporal coherence of HHG processes.Our model provides a unified physical framework for three distinct non-integer HHG generation schemes:single-pulse,shaped-pulse,and laser pulse train approaches,which correspond to single-MSFD-like,double-MSFD-like,and multi-MSFD-like processes,respectively.Arbitrary non-integer HHG photons can be obtained using our scheme.Our approach provides a new perspective for accurately measuring and controlling photon frequencies in fields such as frequency comb technology,interferometry,and atomic clocks.展开更多
Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step...Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step generation processes are often inefficient and difficult to control.To address these challenges,we propose CAFE-GAN,a CLIP-Projected GAN with Attention-Aware Generation and Multi-Scale Discrimination,which incorporates a pretrained CLIP model along with several key architectural innovations.First,we embed a coordinate attention mechanism into the generator to capture long-range dependencies and enhance feature representation.Second,we introduce a trainable linear projection layer after the CLIP text encoder,which aligns textual embeddings with the generator’s semantic space.Third,we design a multi-scale discriminator that leverages pre-trained visual features and integrates a feature regularization strategy,thereby improving training stability and discrimination performance.Experiments on the CUB and COCO datasets demonstrate that CAFE-GAN outperforms existing text-to-image generation methods,achieving lower Fréchet Inception Distance(FID)scores and generating images with superior visual quality and semantic fidelity,with FID scores of 9.84 and 5.62 on the CUB and COCO datasets,respectively,surpassing current state-of-the-art text-to-image models by varying degrees.These findings offer valuable insights for future research on efficient,controllable text-to-image synthesis.展开更多
The rapid advancement of 5G/6G communication and radar technology has exacerbated issues of electromagnetic wave(EMW)leakage,interference,and thermal management.Therefore,developing lightweight EMW absorbers that inte...The rapid advancement of 5G/6G communication and radar technology has exacerbated issues of electromagnetic wave(EMW)leakage,interference,and thermal management.Therefore,developing lightweight EMW absorbers that integrate strong absorption,broad bandwidth,and thermal stability is crucial.Herein,a 3D MXene sponge/NiFe@NC heterostructure with tunable pore architecture is constructed by pyrolyzing a polyurethane(PU)foam template uniformly coated with NiFe-decorated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanosheets.The resulting porous dielectric-magnetic network integrates interconnected MXene pathways with uniformly dispersed NiFe@NC nanoparticles,enabling a synergistic effect of dielectric-magnetic loss through conduction loss,dipole/interface polarization,and magnetic loss.Precise pore structure design enhances impedance matching and promotes multi-scattering and internal reflection of EMWs.Notably,an“EMW-pore matching”mechanism is proposed,whereby pore size governs the impedance matching at specific frequencies,enabling tunable absorption performance.The optimized absorber achieves a reflection loss(RL)of-67.84 dB,while radar cross-section(RCS)simulations confirm its exceptional attenuation and stealth potential.Additionally,the 3D skeleton derived from PU foam confers remarkable thermal resistance and flame retardancy.This pore-regulation strategy provides a scalable route to designing lightweight,broadband,and thermally stable EMW absorbers for next-generation communication and stealth applications.展开更多
The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbi...The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.展开更多
Sandwich structures are widely favored for their lightweight,high strength and superior impact mitigation capabilities in blast mitigation and transportation safety applications.Their application in large-scale,high-e...Sandwich structures are widely favored for their lightweight,high strength and superior impact mitigation capabilities in blast mitigation and transportation safety applications.Their application in large-scale,high-energy rockfall protection remains limited due to their relatively low volumetric energy absorption efficiency and the complex fabrication processes of key energy-absorbing components.To address these limitations,this study proposes a novel sandwich structure incorporating mild steel tubes as core energy absorbers to efficiently mitigate highenergy rockfall impacts.A finite element model was developed in LS-DYNA to systematically investigate the deformation and energy absorption behaviors.Comprehensive parametric analyses were conducted to quantify the effects of key design variables,including tube wall thickness,tube spacing(number of tubes),and infill materials.The results demonstrate that increasing tube wall thickness significantly enhances ultimate energy absorption,with 12-mm-thick tubes absorbing 2.2 times more energy than 6-mm-thick tubes.Lateral constraints induced by adjacent tubes improve specific energy absorption per unit displacement by approximately 30%-45%.Furthermore,incorporating infill materials considerably enhances energy absorption,with aluminum foam infills achieving an 81%increase compared to empty tubes.Nevertheless,higher energy absorption capacity typically leads to greater peak impact forces,increasing the number of tubes offers a better balance between energy absorption and impact force,optimizing the structural performance.These findings provide valuable theoretical insights and practical guidelines for designing sandwich structures in civil and infrastructure engineering applications for effective rockfall protection.展开更多
Thermomagnetic generation(TMG),a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect,offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources.By exploiting the temperature-depend...Thermomagnetic generation(TMG),a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect,offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources.By exploiting the temperature-dependent magnetization of thermomagnetic materials,TMG converts thermal energy into electrical energy through cyclic changes in magnetic flux based on Faraday's law.The performance of TMG systems is largely governed by the intrinsic properties of the working materials and the design of device architecture.Ideal TMG materials exhibit sharp and reversible magnetization transitions near the operating temperature,low thermal hysteresis,and high thermal conductivity.Device configurations can be broadly categorized into active and passive systems:active TMG devices rely on controlled thermal cycling and optimized magnetic circuits for enhanced output,whereas passive devices utilize self-actuated mechanical motion to generate electricity.In this topical review,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TMG materials and device configurations.Furthermore,we discuss future development trends and offer perspectives on experimental strategies to advance this field.展开更多
It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This stu...It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.展开更多
Low-velocity impact tests are carried out to explore the energy absorption characteristics of bio-inspired lattices,mimicking the architecture of the marine sponge organism Euplectella aspergillum.These sea sponge-ins...Low-velocity impact tests are carried out to explore the energy absorption characteristics of bio-inspired lattices,mimicking the architecture of the marine sponge organism Euplectella aspergillum.These sea sponge-inspired lattice structures feature a square-grid 2D lattice with double diagonal bracings and are additively manufactured via digital light processing(DLP).The collapse strength and energy absorption capacity of sea sponge lattice structures are evaluated under various impact conditions and are compared to those of their constituent square-grid and double diagonal lattices.This study demonstrates that sea sponge lattices can achieve an 11-fold increase in energy absorption compared to the square-grid lattice,due to the stabilizing effect of the double diagonal bracings prompting the structure to collapse layer-bylayer under impact.By adjusting the thickness ratio in the sea sponge lattice,up to 76.7%increment in energy absorption is attained.It is also shown that sea-sponge lattices outperform well-established energy-absorbing materials of equal weight,such as hexagonal honeycombs,confirming their significant potential for impact mitigation.Additionally,this research highlights the enhancements in energy absorption achieved by adding a small amount(0.015 phr)of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes(MWCNTs)to the photocurable resin,thus unlocking new possibilities for the design of innovative lightweight structures with multifunctional attributes.展开更多
Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined ...Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of ma...Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.展开更多
Due to the digital transformation tendency among cultural institutions and the substantial influence of the social media platform,the demands of visual communication keep increasing for promoting traditional cultural ...Due to the digital transformation tendency among cultural institutions and the substantial influence of the social media platform,the demands of visual communication keep increasing for promoting traditional cultural artifacts online.As an effective medium,posters serve to attract public attention and facilitate broader engagement with cultural artifacts.However,existing poster generation methods mainly rely on fixed templates and manual design,which limits their scalability and adaptability to the diverse visual and semantic features of the artifacts.Therefore,we propose CAPGen,an automated aesthetic Cultural Artifacts Poster Generation framework built on a Multimodal Large Language Model(MLLM)with integrated iterative optimization.During our research,we collaborated with designers to define principles of graphic design for cultural artifact posters,to guide the MLLM in generating layout parameters.Later,we generated these parameters into posters.Finally,we refined the posters using an MLLM integrated with a multi-round iterative optimization mechanism.Qualitative results show that CAPGen consistently outperforms baseline methods in both visual quality and aesthetic performance.Furthermore,ablation studies indicate that the prompt,iterative optimization mechanism,and design principles significantly enhance the effectiveness of poster generation.展开更多
Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combin...Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)foam protective sandwich structure(UFPSS)under low-velocity impact(LVI).A finite element(FE)model,accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior,was developed for a woven-UFPSS(featuring a plain-woven fabric structure)subjected to a 50 J impact.Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force(error<5%),maximum displacement(error<6%),and buffer time(error<8%).The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials(~50%),viscous dissipation in the foam core(12%-15%),frictional work at the contact interfaces(5%-6%),and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force(~38%).This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers,offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373099)Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(5003013161)+1 种基金Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(B21003)Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials(XC202502)。
文摘The integration of interfacial photothermal conversion and hydrovoltaic effect into bifunctional evaporators has emerged as a hopeful approach to address water and energy scarcities.However,developing low-cost bifunctional evaporators and elucidating the freshwater-electricity co-generation mechanism remain challenging.In this work,we prepare porous carbon from waste polyester through a metalorganic framework(MOF)-assisted carbonization strategy and subsequently fabricate a bifunctional evaporator for freshwater-hydroelectricity co-generation.The porous carbon contains rich oxygen-containing groups and shows hierarchical micro-and mesopores with a high specific surface area of 904 m^(2)g^(-1).The porous carbon-based evaporator shows broadband and high light absorption,localized thermal management,good hydrophilicity,and high flexibility.Benefiting from these merits,it achieves high-performance freshwater and hydroelectricity co-generation,with the opencircuit voltage of 250 mV,the short-circuit current of 14μA,and the evaporation rate of 2.34 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Hence,it is ranked among the most efficient freshwater-hydroelectricity co-generator.Additionally,the weakened hydrogen-bonding network reduces water evaporation enthalpy to 1.7 kJ g^(-1).Mechanistic investigations reveal that selective Na+interaction induces differential ion migration rate to generate streaming potential,as evidenced by molecular dynamics simulations.Meanwhile,the photothermal effect enhances voltage output by promoting interfacial ion concentration gradients.During the outdoor freshwater-electricity co-generation,it shows the voltage output of 250 mV and freshwater production of 2.34 kg m-2.This work not only puts forward a new platform to fabricate advanced evaporators from low-cost waste plastics but also unravels the freshwater-electricity co-generation mechanism,offering scalable strategies to tackle freshwater and energy crises.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFD1800900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82073790)+2 种基金Special Fund for Youth Team of Southwest University (No.SWUXJLJ202306)Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (Nos.CSTB2022TIAD-LUX0001,CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0002)Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University (No.SWUXDPY22007)。
文摘Chitosan(CS),a natural polymer derived from chitin found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans,has garnered significant interest in the pharmaceutical field due to its unique properties,including biocompatibility and biodegradability.In recent years,various studies have reported that CS can affect drug bioavailability,and interestingly,it works as an oral absorption enhancer and inhibitor.This review offers an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon and supports its application as a pharmaceutical excipient.CS enhances oral drug absorption through various mechanisms,such as interaction with the intestinal mucosa,tight junction modulation,inhibition of efflux transporters,enzyme inhibition,solubility and stability enhancement,and complexation.On the other side,CS exhibits the ability to inhibit the absorption of certain drugs by adsorbing to lipids and sterols,modulating bile acids and gut microbiota,altering drug-cell interaction at the polar interface,and mucus-mediated entrapment and interference.Future potential pharmaceutical research in this field includes elucidating the underneath absorption relevant mechanisms,rational use in formulations as excipient,exploring functional CS derivatives,and developing CS-based drug delivery systems.This comprehensive review highlights CS's versatile and significant role in enhancing and inhibiting oral drug absorption,providing insights into the complexities of drug delivery and the potential of CS to improve therapeutic outcomes.
基金support provided by the Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials at Dokuz Eylül University,Türkiye。
文摘Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the shielding effectiveness of the composite structure.Firstly,the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the shielding effectiveness of biochar was investigated.Secondly,biochars combined with YIG nanocrystals with different contents and shielding effectiveness of the composites were investigated.The electromagnetic effectiveness of the samples was investigated within the X band(8-12 GHz).The findings indicate that biochar demonstrates enhanced absorption properties with elevated pyrolysis temperatures.Biochars demonstrated an approximate 40 d B shielding effectiveness,while YIG exhibited approximately 7 d B,corresponding to absorption at 8 GHz.However,the combination of biochar and YIG exhibited exceptional absorption,reaching 67.12 d B at 8 GHz.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175044)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2023GXNSFDA026049)the Guangxi Major Talents Program(GXR-1BGQ2424023)。
文摘The global energy crisis and electricity shortage pose unprecedented challenges.Bio-based solar-driven ionic power generation devices with flexibility,photothermal self-healing and scalability hold great promise for sustainable electricity and alleviating energy crisis.Here,inspired by plant transpiration,a multifunctional bio-based ion conductive elastomer with solar power generation capability was designed by engineered synergy among epoxy natural rubber,cellulose nanofibrils,lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and eumelanin.The film exhibits an outstanding stretchability(1072%)and toughness(22.7 MJ m^(-3)).The favorable synergy of low thermal conductivity,high hygroscopicity and photothermal conversion performance endowed the film with a large thermal gradient under light illumination,driving efficient water transpiration.Furthermore,the excellent interfacial compatibility between eumelanin and matrix facilitates the formation of space charge regions,which further enhances Li^(+)transport.The film demonstrates excellent evaporation rate(2.83 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)),output voltage(0.47 V)and conductivity(5.11×10^(-2)S m^(-1)).Notably,the film exhibits remarkable photothermal self-healing performance even in saline environment,achieving 99.6%healing efficiency of output voltage.Therefore,the film demonstrates significant prospects for applications in photo-thermoelectric generation and solar-driven ionic power generation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2025J01380)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471139)+3 种基金the Major Health Research Project of Fujian Province(2021ZD01001)Fujian Provincial Units Special Funds for Education and Research(2022639)Fujian University of Technology Research Start-up Fund(GY-S24002)Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare(GY-H-24179).
文摘The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location reidentification and correlation attacks.To address these challenges,privacy-preserving trajectory generation methods are critical for applications relying on sensitive location data.This paper introduces DPIL-Traj,an advanced framework designed to generate synthetic trajectories while achieving a superior balance between data utility and privacy preservation.Firstly,the framework incorporates Differential Privacy Clustering,which anonymizes trajectory data by applying differential privacy techniques that add noise,ensuring the protection of sensitive user information.Secondly,Imitation Learning is used to replicate decision-making behaviors observed in real-world trajectories.By learning from expert trajectories,this component generates synthetic data that closely mimics real-world decision-making processes while optimizing the quality of the generated trajectories.Finally,Markov-based Trajectory Generation is employed to capture and maintain the inherent temporal dynamics of movement patterns.Extensive experiments conducted on the GeoLife trajectory dataset show that DPIL-Traj improves utility performance by an average of 19.85%,and in terms of privacy performance by an average of 12.51%,compared to state-of-the-art approaches.Ablation studies further reveal that DP clustering effectively safeguards privacy,imitation learning enhances utility under noise,and the Markov module strengthens temporal coherence.
基金Supported by Applied Brand Course of Mianyang Teacher's College(Investigation and Monitoring of Natural Resources).
文摘With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the present study explores the implications of integrating image-generative AI into Landscape Architecture courses from three perspectives: stimulating students creative design potential, expanding approaches to form and concept generation, and enhancing the visualization of spatial scenes. Furthermore, it discusses application strategies from three dimensions: AI-assisted conceptual generation, human-machine collaboration for design refinement, and optimization of scheme presentation and evaluation. This paper aims to provide relevant educators with insights and references.
基金funding support from the National Science and Technology Council(NSTC),under Grant No.114-2410-H-011-026-MY3.
文摘Small datasets are often challenging due to their limited sample size.This research introduces a novel solution to these problems:average linkage virtual sample generation(ALVSG).ALVSG leverages the underlying data structure to create virtual samples,which can be used to augment the original dataset.The ALVSG process consists of two steps.First,an average-linkage clustering technique is applied to the dataset to create a dendrogram.The dendrogram represents the hierarchical structure of the dataset,with each merging operation regarded as a linkage.Next,the linkages are combined into an average-based dataset,which serves as a new representation of the dataset.The second step in the ALVSG process involves generating virtual samples using the average-based dataset.The research project generates a set of 100 virtual samples by uniformly distributing them within the provided boundary.These virtual samples are then added to the original dataset,creating a more extensive dataset with improved generalization performance.The efficacy of the ALVSG approach is validated through resampling experiments and t-tests conducted on two small real-world datasets.The experiments are conducted on three forecasting models:the support vector machine for regression(SVR),the deep learning model(DL),and XGBoost.The results show that the ALVSG approach outperforms the baseline methods in terms of mean square error(MSE),root mean square error(RMSE),and mean absolute error(MAE).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304379)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2024BS-269)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.025A1515011117)。
文摘High-precision optical frequency measurement serves as a cornerstone of modern science and technology,enabling advancements in fields ranging from fundamental physics to quantum information technologies.Obtaining precise photon frequencies,especially in the ultraviolet or even extreme ultraviolet regimes,is a key goal in both light–matter interaction experiments and engineering applications.High-order harmonic generation(HHG)is an ideal light source for producing such photons.In this work,we propose an optical temporal interference model(OTIM)that establishes an analogy with multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction(MSFD)to manipulate fine-frequency photon generation by exploiting the temporal coherence of HHG processes.Our model provides a unified physical framework for three distinct non-integer HHG generation schemes:single-pulse,shaped-pulse,and laser pulse train approaches,which correspond to single-MSFD-like,double-MSFD-like,and multi-MSFD-like processes,respectively.Arbitrary non-integer HHG photons can be obtained using our scheme.Our approach provides a new perspective for accurately measuring and controlling photon frequencies in fields such as frequency comb technology,interferometry,and atomic clocks.
文摘Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step generation processes are often inefficient and difficult to control.To address these challenges,we propose CAFE-GAN,a CLIP-Projected GAN with Attention-Aware Generation and Multi-Scale Discrimination,which incorporates a pretrained CLIP model along with several key architectural innovations.First,we embed a coordinate attention mechanism into the generator to capture long-range dependencies and enhance feature representation.Second,we introduce a trainable linear projection layer after the CLIP text encoder,which aligns textual embeddings with the generator’s semantic space.Third,we design a multi-scale discriminator that leverages pre-trained visual features and integrates a feature regularization strategy,thereby improving training stability and discrimination performance.Experiments on the CUB and COCO datasets demonstrate that CAFE-GAN outperforms existing text-to-image generation methods,achieving lower Fréchet Inception Distance(FID)scores and generating images with superior visual quality and semantic fidelity,with FID scores of 9.84 and 5.62 on the CUB and COCO datasets,respectively,surpassing current state-of-the-art text-to-image models by varying degrees.These findings offer valuable insights for future research on efficient,controllable text-to-image synthesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52562043)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20244BAB28050)。
文摘The rapid advancement of 5G/6G communication and radar technology has exacerbated issues of electromagnetic wave(EMW)leakage,interference,and thermal management.Therefore,developing lightweight EMW absorbers that integrate strong absorption,broad bandwidth,and thermal stability is crucial.Herein,a 3D MXene sponge/NiFe@NC heterostructure with tunable pore architecture is constructed by pyrolyzing a polyurethane(PU)foam template uniformly coated with NiFe-decorated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanosheets.The resulting porous dielectric-magnetic network integrates interconnected MXene pathways with uniformly dispersed NiFe@NC nanoparticles,enabling a synergistic effect of dielectric-magnetic loss through conduction loss,dipole/interface polarization,and magnetic loss.Precise pore structure design enhances impedance matching and promotes multi-scattering and internal reflection of EMWs.Notably,an“EMW-pore matching”mechanism is proposed,whereby pore size governs the impedance matching at specific frequencies,enabling tunable absorption performance.The optimized absorber achieves a reflection loss(RL)of-67.84 dB,while radar cross-section(RCS)simulations confirm its exceptional attenuation and stealth potential.Additionally,the 3D skeleton derived from PU foam confers remarkable thermal resistance and flame retardancy.This pore-regulation strategy provides a scalable route to designing lightweight,broadband,and thermally stable EMW absorbers for next-generation communication and stealth applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52436008)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Projects,China(Nos.JMRHZX20210003 and 2023YFCY0009)+3 种基金the Huaneng Group Co Ltd.,China(No.HNKJ23-H50)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408044)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761877)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2024YFD2200039)。
文摘The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1509703)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program Project(Grant No.23YFYSHZ00130)。
文摘Sandwich structures are widely favored for their lightweight,high strength and superior impact mitigation capabilities in blast mitigation and transportation safety applications.Their application in large-scale,high-energy rockfall protection remains limited due to their relatively low volumetric energy absorption efficiency and the complex fabrication processes of key energy-absorbing components.To address these limitations,this study proposes a novel sandwich structure incorporating mild steel tubes as core energy absorbers to efficiently mitigate highenergy rockfall impacts.A finite element model was developed in LS-DYNA to systematically investigate the deformation and energy absorption behaviors.Comprehensive parametric analyses were conducted to quantify the effects of key design variables,including tube wall thickness,tube spacing(number of tubes),and infill materials.The results demonstrate that increasing tube wall thickness significantly enhances ultimate energy absorption,with 12-mm-thick tubes absorbing 2.2 times more energy than 6-mm-thick tubes.Lateral constraints induced by adjacent tubes improve specific energy absorption per unit displacement by approximately 30%-45%.Furthermore,incorporating infill materials considerably enhances energy absorption,with aluminum foam infills achieving an 81%increase compared to empty tubes.Nevertheless,higher energy absorption capacity typically leads to greater peak impact forces,increasing the number of tubes offers a better balance between energy absorption and impact force,optimizing the structural performance.These findings provide valuable theoretical insights and practical guidelines for designing sandwich structures in civil and infrastructure engineering applications for effective rockfall protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52171169 and 52101210)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501204)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(Grant No.2023-ZD01)USTB Concept Verification Funding Project(Grant No.GNYZ-2024-6)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.FRF-TP-24-004A)USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science,Technology and Civilization(Grant Nos.2024KFZD001 and 2024KFYB004)。
文摘Thermomagnetic generation(TMG),a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect,offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources.By exploiting the temperature-dependent magnetization of thermomagnetic materials,TMG converts thermal energy into electrical energy through cyclic changes in magnetic flux based on Faraday's law.The performance of TMG systems is largely governed by the intrinsic properties of the working materials and the design of device architecture.Ideal TMG materials exhibit sharp and reversible magnetization transitions near the operating temperature,low thermal hysteresis,and high thermal conductivity.Device configurations can be broadly categorized into active and passive systems:active TMG devices rely on controlled thermal cycling and optimized magnetic circuits for enhanced output,whereas passive devices utilize self-actuated mechanical motion to generate electricity.In this topical review,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TMG materials and device configurations.Furthermore,we discuss future development trends and offer perspectives on experimental strategies to advance this field.
基金supported by the DH2025-TN07-07 project conducted at the Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology,Thai Nguyen,Vietnam,with additional support from the AI in Software Engineering Lab.
文摘It remains difficult to automate the creation and validation of Unified Modeling Language(UML)dia-grams due to unstructured requirements,limited automated pipelines,and the lack of reliable evaluation methods.This study introduces a cohesive architecture that amalgamates requirement development,UML synthesis,and multimodal validation.First,LLaMA-3.2-1B-Instruct was utilized to generate user-focused requirements.Then,DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B applies its reasoning skills to transform these requirements into PlantUML code.Using this dual-LLM pipeline,we constructed a synthetic dataset of 11,997 UML diagrams spanning six major diagram families.Rendering analysis showed that 89.5%of the generated diagrams compile correctly,while invalid cases were detected automatically.To assess quality,we employed a multimodal scoring method that combines Qwen2.5-VL-3B,LLaMA-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Aya-Vision-8B,with weights based on MMMU performance.A study with 94 experts revealed strong alignment between automatic and manual evaluations,yielding a Pearson correlation of r=0.82 and a Fleiss’Kappa of 0.78.This indicates a high degree of concordance between automated metrics and human judgment.Overall,the results demonstrated that our scoring system is effective and that the proposed generation pipeline produces UML diagrams that are both syntactically correct and semantically coherent.More broadly,the system provides a scalable and reproducible foundation for future work in AI-driven software modeling and multimodal verification.
基金supported by the Khalifa University of Science and Technology internal grants(Nos.2021-CIRA-109,2020-CIRA-007,and 2020-CIRA-024).
文摘Low-velocity impact tests are carried out to explore the energy absorption characteristics of bio-inspired lattices,mimicking the architecture of the marine sponge organism Euplectella aspergillum.These sea sponge-inspired lattice structures feature a square-grid 2D lattice with double diagonal bracings and are additively manufactured via digital light processing(DLP).The collapse strength and energy absorption capacity of sea sponge lattice structures are evaluated under various impact conditions and are compared to those of their constituent square-grid and double diagonal lattices.This study demonstrates that sea sponge lattices can achieve an 11-fold increase in energy absorption compared to the square-grid lattice,due to the stabilizing effect of the double diagonal bracings prompting the structure to collapse layer-bylayer under impact.By adjusting the thickness ratio in the sea sponge lattice,up to 76.7%increment in energy absorption is attained.It is also shown that sea-sponge lattices outperform well-established energy-absorbing materials of equal weight,such as hexagonal honeycombs,confirming their significant potential for impact mitigation.Additionally,this research highlights the enhancements in energy absorption achieved by adding a small amount(0.015 phr)of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes(MWCNTs)to the photocurable resin,thus unlocking new possibilities for the design of innovative lightweight structures with multifunctional attributes.
基金Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam for supporting this study。
文摘Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.
基金supported by ZJNSF LZ25E030006Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2024C01157)+2 种基金NSFC under Grant Nos.52473267 and 52401249the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB3501504Zhejiang University Ningbo“Five in One”Campus Project(K-20213539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0906502)the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Hunan Province under Grant(CX20240473).
文摘Due to the digital transformation tendency among cultural institutions and the substantial influence of the social media platform,the demands of visual communication keep increasing for promoting traditional cultural artifacts online.As an effective medium,posters serve to attract public attention and facilitate broader engagement with cultural artifacts.However,existing poster generation methods mainly rely on fixed templates and manual design,which limits their scalability and adaptability to the diverse visual and semantic features of the artifacts.Therefore,we propose CAPGen,an automated aesthetic Cultural Artifacts Poster Generation framework built on a Multimodal Large Language Model(MLLM)with integrated iterative optimization.During our research,we collaborated with designers to define principles of graphic design for cultural artifact posters,to guide the MLLM in generating layout parameters.Later,we generated these parameters into posters.Finally,we refined the posters using an MLLM integrated with a multi-round iterative optimization mechanism.Qualitative results show that CAPGen consistently outperforms baseline methods in both visual quality and aesthetic performance.Furthermore,ablation studies indicate that the prompt,iterative optimization mechanism,and design principles significantly enhance the effectiveness of poster generation.
基金supported by the Zhenjiang Key R&D Plan(GY2021009)Lianyungang City Major Technology Breakthrough(CGJBGS2104)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(12302456)National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact under Grant(6142902241601)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grants(2025M774217)。
文摘Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)foam protective sandwich structure(UFPSS)under low-velocity impact(LVI).A finite element(FE)model,accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior,was developed for a woven-UFPSS(featuring a plain-woven fabric structure)subjected to a 50 J impact.Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force(error<5%),maximum displacement(error<6%),and buffer time(error<8%).The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials(~50%),viscous dissipation in the foam core(12%-15%),frictional work at the contact interfaces(5%-6%),and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force(~38%).This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers,offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.
