A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a topic of significant interest within the scientific community. It is well understood that Rb-87 and Yb2Si2O7 have been utilized in experiments to explore this phenomenon. These st...A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a topic of significant interest within the scientific community. It is well understood that Rb-87 and Yb2Si2O7 have been utilized in experiments to explore this phenomenon. These studies have demonstrated that these materials can achieve the BEC phase, a state that has been experimentally validated. In this paper, we further establish, from the perspective of theoretical physics, that silicon is also capable of exhibiting BEC properties. Our approach differs from prior studies in that it uses innovatively certain boundary conditions. Specifically, we employed Yb-70 as a gamma-ray radiation source and a 1 nm linewidth (as the half-width of a 2 nm line). Additionally, we utilized the concept of half-value thickness from nuclear physics absorption models to optimize the semiconductor process. This method effectively removes ytterbium (Yb) during the process, leaving only silicon, silicon-based materials, or silicon topological superconductors on the wafer. This technical procedure results in the creation of “BEC silicon” at absolute zero temperature (0 K), introducing a novel material for BEC realization.展开更多
It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the hea...It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy,temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultralow temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.展开更多
文摘A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a topic of significant interest within the scientific community. It is well understood that Rb-87 and Yb2Si2O7 have been utilized in experiments to explore this phenomenon. These studies have demonstrated that these materials can achieve the BEC phase, a state that has been experimentally validated. In this paper, we further establish, from the perspective of theoretical physics, that silicon is also capable of exhibiting BEC properties. Our approach differs from prior studies in that it uses innovatively certain boundary conditions. Specifically, we employed Yb-70 as a gamma-ray radiation source and a 1 nm linewidth (as the half-width of a 2 nm line). Additionally, we utilized the concept of half-value thickness from nuclear physics absorption models to optimize the semiconductor process. This method effectively removes ytterbium (Yb) during the process, leaving only silicon, silicon-based materials, or silicon topological superconductors on the wafer. This technical procedure results in the creation of “BEC silicon” at absolute zero temperature (0 K), introducing a novel material for BEC realization.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075197)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 20720210020)。
文摘It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy,temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultralow temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.
