目的了解1990—2019年中国人群白血病疾病负担变化趋势和危险因素分析,为白血病预防提供新思路。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)研究数据通过Joinpoint Regression Program进行回归分析,计算白血病发病率、...目的了解1990—2019年中国人群白血病疾病负担变化趋势和危险因素分析,为白血病预防提供新思路。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)研究数据通过Joinpoint Regression Program进行回归分析,计算白血病发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失健康寿命年(tears of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失健康寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及其相应的年龄标化率,并与全球和各级社会人口指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)国家对比;计算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage of change,AAPC)反映疾病负担变化趋势;计算归因于各危险因素所致疾病负担变化情况。结果1990—2019年中国白血病发病率由12.06/10万降低至10.87/10万,死亡率由5.65/10万降低至4.25/10万,DALY率由328.95/10万降低至162.36/10万;标化发病率、标化死亡率、标化DALY率均呈逐年下降趋势,AAPC分别为-0.6%、-1.8%、-2.4%;2019年中国白血病疾病负担高于全球平均水平,标化DALY率和标化YLL率在各级SDI国家中最高;青少年和儿童疾病负担指标下降幅度最大;吸烟在所收集的四种危险因素中占主要地位,身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)升高也是重要危险因素之一。结论1990—2019年中国白血病疾病负担总体呈下降趋势,吸烟是白血病的主要危险因素,目前中国白血病疾病负担仍处于较高水平,应针对重点人群加强干预。展开更多
Antigen presentation, as the initial step in inducing the activation of T lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in antitumor response. Studies concentrating on major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ(MHC Ⅱ) molecules a...Antigen presentation, as the initial step in inducing the activation of T lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in antitumor response. Studies concentrating on major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ(MHC Ⅱ) molecules and the activated CD4^(+)helper T(Th) cells have gained popularity in light of the past limited efficacy of MHC Ⅰ-activated CD8^(+)T cells alone. In general,MHC Ⅱ is canonically expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells(pAPCs), yet attempts to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cell(DC) activation have mostly been unsuccessful. In recent years, a number of studies have found that a variety of cells, including cancer cells,fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells(VECs), and lymphoid stromal cells(LSCs), are considered amateur APCs(aAPCs) and can express MHC Ⅱ molecules, which have piqued the interest of researchers. These groups vastly outnumber DCs or macrophages, and it has been confirmed that they also qualify as antigen-presenting complexes that are functionally related to conventional pAPCs. Herein, we will review current research regarding the antigen presentation process of MHC Ⅱ, its advances in APC surfaces,especially for aAPCs, the special mechanisms of regulation of MHC Ⅱ on aAPCs, and combination therapy targeting MHC Ⅱ as a possible treatment strategy in cancer.展开更多
文摘目的了解1990—2019年中国人群白血病疾病负担变化趋势和危险因素分析,为白血病预防提供新思路。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)研究数据通过Joinpoint Regression Program进行回归分析,计算白血病发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失健康寿命年(tears of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失健康寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及其相应的年龄标化率,并与全球和各级社会人口指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)国家对比;计算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage of change,AAPC)反映疾病负担变化趋势;计算归因于各危险因素所致疾病负担变化情况。结果1990—2019年中国白血病发病率由12.06/10万降低至10.87/10万,死亡率由5.65/10万降低至4.25/10万,DALY率由328.95/10万降低至162.36/10万;标化发病率、标化死亡率、标化DALY率均呈逐年下降趋势,AAPC分别为-0.6%、-1.8%、-2.4%;2019年中国白血病疾病负担高于全球平均水平,标化DALY率和标化YLL率在各级SDI国家中最高;青少年和儿童疾病负担指标下降幅度最大;吸烟在所收集的四种危险因素中占主要地位,身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)升高也是重要危险因素之一。结论1990—2019年中国白血病疾病负担总体呈下降趋势,吸烟是白血病的主要危险因素,目前中国白血病疾病负担仍处于较高水平,应针对重点人群加强干预。
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3401001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82025026 and 82230091 to H.H.)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang (2024C03160)
文摘Antigen presentation, as the initial step in inducing the activation of T lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in antitumor response. Studies concentrating on major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ(MHC Ⅱ) molecules and the activated CD4^(+)helper T(Th) cells have gained popularity in light of the past limited efficacy of MHC Ⅰ-activated CD8^(+)T cells alone. In general,MHC Ⅱ is canonically expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells(pAPCs), yet attempts to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cell(DC) activation have mostly been unsuccessful. In recent years, a number of studies have found that a variety of cells, including cancer cells,fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells(VECs), and lymphoid stromal cells(LSCs), are considered amateur APCs(aAPCs) and can express MHC Ⅱ molecules, which have piqued the interest of researchers. These groups vastly outnumber DCs or macrophages, and it has been confirmed that they also qualify as antigen-presenting complexes that are functionally related to conventional pAPCs. Herein, we will review current research regarding the antigen presentation process of MHC Ⅱ, its advances in APC surfaces,especially for aAPCs, the special mechanisms of regulation of MHC Ⅱ on aAPCs, and combination therapy targeting MHC Ⅱ as a possible treatment strategy in cancer.
