This review represents an updated scenario on the transmission cycle,epidemiology,clinical features and pathogenicity,diagnosis and treatment,and prevention and control measures of a cestode parasite Echincoccus granu...This review represents an updated scenario on the transmission cycle,epidemiology,clinical features and pathogenicity,diagnosis and treatment,and prevention and control measures of a cestode parasite Echincoccus granulosus(E.granulosus) infection causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans.Human CE is a serious life-threatening neglected zoonotic disease that occurs in both developing and developed countries,and is recognized as a major public health problem. The life cycle of E.granulosus involves a definitive host(dogs and other canids) for the adult E.granulosus that resides in the intestine,and an intermediate host(sheep and other herbivores) for the tissue-invading metacestode(larval) stage.Humans are only incidentally infected;since the completion of the life cycle of E.granulosus depends on carnivores feeding on herbivores bearing hydatid cysts with viable protoscoleces,humans represent usually the dead end for the parasite.On ingestion of E.granulosus eggs,hydatid cysts are formed mostly in liver and lungs, and occasionally in other organs of human body,which are considered as uncommon sites of localization of hydatid cysts.The diagnosis of extrahepatic echinococcal disease is more accurate today because of the availability of new imaging techniques,and the current treatments include surgery and percutaneous drainage,and chemotherapy(albendazole and mebendazole).But.the wild animals that involve in sylvatic cycle may overlap and interact with the domestic sheepdog cycle,and thus complicating the control efforts.The updated facts and phenomena regarding human and animal CE presented herein are due to the web search of SCI and non-SCI journals.展开更多
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the a...The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.展开更多
Objective: To predict the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis and assess the relationship between the disease trend and weather variables in south of Fars province using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(...Objective: To predict the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis and assess the relationship between the disease trend and weather variables in south of Fars province using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(SARIMA) model,Methods: The trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis was predicted using Mini tab software and SARIMA model,Besides,information about the disease and weather conditions was collected monthly based on time series design during January 2010 to March 2016,Moreover,various SARIMA models were assessed and the best one was selected,Then,the model's fitness was evaluated based on normality of the residuals' distribution,correspondence between the fitted and real amounts,and calculation of Akaike Information Criteria(AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria(BIC),Results: The study results indicated that SARIMA model(4,1,4)(0,1,0)(12) in general and SARIMA model(4,1,4)(0,1,1)(12) in below and above 15 years age groups could appropriately predict the disease trend in the study area,Moreover,temperature with a three-month delay(lag3) increased the disease trend,rainfall with a four-month delay(lag4) decreased the disease trend,and rainfall with a nine-month delay(lag9) increased the disease trend,Conclusions: Based on the results,leishmaniasis follows a descending trend in the study area in case drought condition continues,SARIMA models can suitably measure the disease trend,and the disease follows a seasonal trend.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus(CoV),has recently emerged as a significant pathogen for humans and the cause for the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus diseas...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus(CoV),has recently emerged as a significant pathogen for humans and the cause for the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)throughout the globe.For developing any preventive measure,an understanding of the zoonotic pattern for this virus is a necessity.We should have a clear knowledge of its reservoir host,its distribution pattern and spreading routes.Information about zoonotic reservoirs and its transmission among them can help to understand the COVID-19 outbreaks.In this article,we discuss about the bats as the zoonotic reservoir of several CoV strains,co-existence of bats and CoV/viruses,the sequence similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with bat SARS-like CoV,the probable source of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 strain and COVID-19 outbreak,intermediate host of CoVs and SARS-CoV-2,human to human transmission and the possibility to maintain the zoonotic barriers.Our knowledge about the zoonotic reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission ability may help develop the preventive measures and control for the future outbreak of CoV.展开更多
Raw poultry and poultry products are a significant source of zoonotic bacterial pathogen transmission;thus the sensitive detection of major zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monoc...Raw poultry and poultry products are a significant source of zoonotic bacterial pathogen transmission;thus the sensitive detection of major zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes) is a vital food safety issue. Recently, third generation PCR technology, known as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been developed to be more accurate and sensitive to detect genetic targets than current quantification methods, but this technology has not been tested within an industrial setting. There is an on-going study within our laboratory is investigating the effects of sampling times and sampling methods on the cultural and molecular (via qPCR) quantification of dominant zoonotic pathogens within a poultry processing facility. This presents a unique opportunity to compare the quantification resulted from this emerging, third generation technology to traditional quantification methods currently employed by the poultry industry. The results show that ddPCR detected pathogen-specific genes from more pathogen:sampling time combinations than either the qPCR or culturing methods from the final scalder and chiller tanks at three stages of processing (Start, Mid, and End). In fact, both ddPCR and qPCR substantially outperformed culture methods commonly used in poultry processing food safety-related studies, with Salmonella recovered only from the Mid and End sampling times from the scalder tank. While neither C. jejuni nor L. monocytogenes were recovered culturally, ddPCR was able to detect their respective genes commonly throughout the processing day in both the scalder and chiller water samples. Additionally, the use of unfiltered processing water provided significantly greater detection of bacterial and pathogen-specific gene abundances than did an analysis of larger volumes of filtered water. Considering the ddPCR-derived concentrations of the bacterial pathogens were consistent with what was previously found culturally in commercial poultry processing operations, ddPCR represented a significant advancement in poultry processing zoonotic pathogen quantification.展开更多
Objective:To estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis,cysticercosis,tuberculosis,leptospirosis,brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughtered bovine stock(aged≥3 years)at Tanga city abattoir,Tanzania.Methods:Prevalence e...Objective:To estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis,cysticercosis,tuberculosis,leptospirosis,brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughtered bovine stock(aged≥3 years)at Tanga city abattoir,Tanzania.Methods:Prevalence estimation of the five zoonotic diseases was undertaken through an active abattoir and sero-survey was carried out in Tanga city,during the period of January 2002and March 2004.Serum samples collected from a sub-sample(n=51)of the slaughter stock were serologically screened for antibodies against brucellosis,leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using Rose Bengal plate test,microscopic agglutination test(for 5 serovars of Leptospira interrogans)and Eiken latex agglutination test,respectively.The same animals were tested for tuberculosis using the single intradermal tuberculin test.Results:Post mortem examination of 12 444 slaughter cattle(10 790 short horn zebu and 1 654 graded)over a period of twenty two months,showed a prevalence of 1.56%(194)for hydatidosis,1.49%(185)for cysticercosis and 0.32%(40)for tuberculosis.In all three zoonoses,a statistically significant difference in infection rates was noted between the short horn zebu and graded breeds(P<0.05).The overall seroprevalences of animals with brucellosis,toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis antibodies were found to be 12%,12%and 51%,respectively.The most common leptospiral antibodies detected were those against antigens of serovars Leptospira hardjo(29%),Leptospira tarassovi(18%),Leptospira bataviae(4%)and Leptospira pomona(0%).With regard to tuberculosis,10%(n=5)of the animals tested were classified as non-specific reactors or inconclusive.Conclusions:The study findings suggest that brucellosis,toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis are prevalent in Tanga and provide definitive evidence of slaughtered stock exposure to these zoonotic agents with concurrent public health consequences.展开更多
Zoonotic diseases, transmitted between humans and animals, pose a substantial threat to global public health. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the fight against dis...Zoonotic diseases, transmitted between humans and animals, pose a substantial threat to global public health. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the fight against diseases. This comprehensive review discusses the innovative applications of AI in the management of zoonotic diseases, including disease prediction, early diagnosis, drug development, and future prospects. AI-driven predictive models leverage extensive datasets to predict disease outbreaks and transmission patterns, thereby facilitating proactive public health responses. Early diagnosis benefits from AI-powered diagnostic tools that expedite pathogen identification and containment. Furthermore, AI technologies have accelerated drug discovery by identifying potential drug targets and optimizing candidate drugs. This review addresses these advancements, while also examining the promising future of AI in zoonotic disease control. We emphasize the pivotal role of AI in revolutionizing our approach to managing zoonotic diseases and highlight its potential to safeguard the health of both humans and animals on a global scale.展开更多
Ohjective:To assess molecular characterization,distribution,seasonal activities of sandfly species and Leishmania parasites infecting them for this zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus.Methods:The collections were c...Ohjective:To assess molecular characterization,distribution,seasonal activities of sandfly species and Leishmania parasites infecting them for this zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus.Methods:The collections were carried out in 2009-2011 using CDC traps,Sticky Papers and manual aspirator in and around the villages in Abarkouh district.Individual sandflies were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.Leishmania parasite infections within sandflies were performed by targeting Cyt b,ITS-rDNA,k-DNA and microsatellite genes.Results:The PCR assays detected only Leishmania major(L.major).All infections(30)were found in the abundant and widespread vector Phlebolomus papalasi(P.papatasi).Small numbers of other sandfly species were also screened for infections,but none was found.Sergentomyia sinloni and P.papalasi were the predominant members in all locations of this district and in all habitats throughout the trapping season.Only five other sandfly species were found,namely Phlebolomus ansari,Phlebotomus caucasicus,Phlebotomus sergenti,Sergentomyia dentata and Sergentomyia merviney.Conclusions:In the current survey,the only infections detected are of L.major in females of P.papatasi(30 out of190).The rates of infection of P.papalasi by L.major are not significantly different in compare with other locations in Iran with no diversity of parasite strains.Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis may have emerged only recently in Abarkouh district,and the reason may well be the instability of the transmission cycles there.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is a rapidly evolving field that can impel research in communicable diseases with respect to climate projections,ecological indicators and environmental impact,at the same time revealing new...Artificial intelligence(AI)is a rapidly evolving field that can impel research in communicable diseases with respect to climate projections,ecological indicators and environmental impact,at the same time revealing new,previously overlooked events.A number of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases already show signs of expanding their northern geographical ranges and appropriate risk assessment and decision support are urgently needed.The deployment of AI-enabled monitoring systems tracking animal populations and environmental changes is of immense potential in the study of transmission under different climate scenarios.In addition,AI's capability to identify new treatments should not only accelerate drug and vaccine discovery but also help predicting their effectiveness,while its contribution to genetic pathogen speciation would assist the evaluation of spillover risks with regard to viral infections from animals to human.Close collaboration between AI experts,epidemiologists and other stakeholders is not only crucial for responding to challenges interconnected with a variety of variables effectively,but also necessary to warrant responsible AI use.Despite its wider successful implementation in many fields,AI should be seen as a complement to,rather than a replacement of,traditional public health measures.展开更多
Background:Zoonotic diseases originating in animals pose a significant threat to global public health.Recent outbreaks,such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),have caused widespread illness,death,and socioeconomic ...Background:Zoonotic diseases originating in animals pose a significant threat to global public health.Recent outbreaks,such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),have caused widespread illness,death,and socioeconomic disruptions worldwide.To cope with these diseases effectively,it is crucial to strengthen surveillance capabilities and establish rapid response systems.Aim:The aim of this review is to examine the modern technologies and solutions that have the potential to enhance zoonotic disease surveillance and outbreak responses and provide valuable insights into how cuttingedge innovations could be leveraged to prevent,detect,and control emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks.Herein,we discuss advanced tools including big data analytics,artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,geographic information systems,remote sensing,molecular diagnostics,point-of-care testing,telemedicine,digital contact tracing,and early warning systems.Results:These technologies enable real-time monitoring,the prediction of outbreak risks,early anomaly detection,rapid diagnosis,and targeted interventions during outbreaks.When integrated through collaborative partnerships,these strategies can significantly improve the speed and effectiveness of zoonotic disease control.However,several challenges persist,particularly in resource-limited settings,such as infrastructure limitations,costs,data integration and training requirements,and ethical implementation.Conclusion:With strategic planning and coordinated efforts,modern technologies and solutions offer immense potential to bolster surveillance and outbreak responses,and serve as a critical resource against emerging zoonotic disease threats worldwide.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extr...Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages.Methods:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,2014.Ketamine(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic bags.The tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN medium.Blood and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for microscopy.These tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania infection.Results:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal organs.The infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus respectively.Almost all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) skin.In all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar habitats.Conclusions:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini.Detailed studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.展开更多
Objective:To carry out the genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of three avian orthoavulavirus 1(AOAV-1)isolates from poultry workers with respiratory symptoms.Methods:Using Illumina Mi Seq,whole-genome ...Objective:To carry out the genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of three avian orthoavulavirus 1(AOAV-1)isolates from poultry workers with respiratory symptoms.Methods:Using Illumina Mi Seq,whole-genome sequencing was carried out to assess the evolutionary dynamics of three AOAV-1 isolates.A phylogenetic and comparative analysis of all coding genes was done using bioinformatics tools.Results:Phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance estimation suggested a close relationship among human-and avian-originated velogenic strains of genotypeⅩⅢ,sub-genotypeⅩⅢ.2.1.Several substitutions in the significant structural and biological motifs were exclusively identified in the human-originated strains.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this is the first report of a velogenic AOAV-1 isolate from natural infection of the human upper respiratory tract.Our findings highlight the evolution and zoonotic potential of velogenic AOAV-1 in a disease endemic setting.展开更多
More than 60% human infectious diseases have zoonotic origin. Cross species transmission of pathogens is a continuous, dynamic process that occurs throughout the world, giving rise to epizootic (temporary, limited inf...More than 60% human infectious diseases have zoonotic origin. Cross species transmission of pathogens is a continuous, dynamic process that occurs throughout the world, giving rise to epizootic (temporary, limited infection), endemic (on-going infection limited to a defined geographic region) and pandemic viral infections (infection spreading to every part of the world) like the current COVID-19 pandemic, which depends on the existing conditions on the ground. In Nov 2021, sudden mortality of numerous migrating demoiselle cranes was reported from their resting site near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The symptomatic cranes became gradually weak and were unable to fly. They eventually fell dead which caused concern locally, given the current prevailing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation the world over. By the end of Dec 2021, the number of cranes with mortality and morbidity reduced, making it a temporary “epizootic infection”. Molecular diagnosis carried out at a specialized laboratory identified the etiological agent to be the highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 (HPAIV), which has been responsible for morbidity of avian species from different parts of the world. There was no report of spreading the H5N1 AIV infection from the infected migratory cranes to nearby chicken farms or pig farms for now. In the absence of vaccines against the highly pathogenic H5N1 AIVs, and the inherent ability of influenza viruses, both avian AIV and human IAVs to constantly mutate its envelope gene or the surface antigens, resulting from the error-prone nature of the viral RNA Polymerase enzyme are the roadblocks for development of a universal, broad-spectrum influenza vaccine. Even when such a universal vaccine against H5N1 is available, vaccinating a large number of wild migratory cranes would be difficult. However, it is possible and indeed necessary to vaccinate chickens in poultry farms and pigs in farms that raise pigs for human consumption.展开更多
Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an al...Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an almost 50% death rate. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated subjects and infecting the human respiratory system. Ephrin B2 and B3, the surface glycoproteins on the host cell, have been the primary and the most effective route for viral entrance. Binding with viral surface G protein, the F protein triggers, enabling viral-host fusion. Until now, NiV vaccines are not yet available in the public market, however, preventions such as avoiding direct contact and masking are advised.展开更多
The authors regret the occurrence of errors in updating the article<1.Reference 5 should be"Y.Y.Zhu,H.Y.Wu,C.Z.Zhang,S.H.Mao,X.Zhou,Q.H.Zhang,et al.Preliminary investigation on infection of novel bunyavirus am...The authors regret the occurrence of errors in updating the article<1.Reference 5 should be"Y.Y.Zhu,H.Y.Wu,C.Z.Zhang,S.H.Mao,X.Zhou,Q.H.Zhang,et al.Preliminary investigation on infection of novel bunyavirus among animals and ticks in Shanghai,from 2012 to 2014,Chin.J.Zoonoses 33(08)(2017)700-704.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2017.08.007."展开更多
A recent study published in Science by Hyunjoon Kim and colleagues has established the world’s most comprehensive bat organoid platform,marking a significant advancement in comparative virology and pandemic preparedn...A recent study published in Science by Hyunjoon Kim and colleagues has established the world’s most comprehensive bat organoid platform,marking a significant advancement in comparative virology and pandemic preparedness research.1 This innovative research addresses critical knowledge gaps in zoonotic disease transmission by developing sophisticated laboratory models that closely mimic bat tissues.展开更多
Interactions among zoonotic pathogens play a critical role in shaping disease transmission,severity,and public health responses.However,the mechanisms and population-level consequences of these interactions remain und...Interactions among zoonotic pathogens play a critical role in shaping disease transmission,severity,and public health responses.However,the mechanisms and population-level consequences of these interactions remain underexplored in current modelling frameworks.This review aims to synthesize emerging evidence and address key scientific challenges in understanding how pathogen interactions influence transmission dynamics and mathematical modelling,with a focus on zoonotic and other cocirculating pathogens.In this review,we synthesize current evidence on synergistic,antagonistic,and neutral interactions between zoonotic and other cocirculating pathogens.We explore the underlying mechanisms of these interactions,such as transmission enhancement,immune modulation,and resource competition,at both the individual and population levels.We further review mathematical models to illustrate how these interaction features,such as transmission pathways,coinfection histories,cross-immunity,and superspreading potential,could be incorporated into epidemiological frameworks to increase our understanding of the community transmission of infections.Particular attention is given to the challenges of parameter estimation,incomplete surveillance data,and the difficulty of modelling interactions across scales and pathogen types.Understanding and modelling these interactions is essential for predicting outbreak trajectories,designing effective vaccination strategies,and improving early-warning systems.We conclude by calling for enhanced integration of empirical data and mechanistic modelling,especially in the context of emerging zoonoses and postpandemic preparedness.This review provides a structured perspective to support future interdisciplinary efforts aimed at managing cocirculating pathogens and mitigating their public health impact.展开更多
Background Zoonotic diseases remain a significant public health challenge in China.This study examines the temporal trends,disease burden,and demographic patterns of major zoonoses from 2010 to 2023.Methods This study...Background Zoonotic diseases remain a significant public health challenge in China.This study examines the temporal trends,disease burden,and demographic patterns of major zoonoses from 2010 to 2023.Methods This study analyzed data from China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System(NNIDRS,2010-2023)on nine major zoonoses,including echinococcosis,brucellosis,leptospirosis,anthrax,leishmaniasis,encephalitis(Japanese encephalitis),hemorrhagic fever,rabies,and schistosomiasis.Joinpoint regression was applied to assess annual trends in incidence rates,while autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)and exponential smoothing models were used to forecast incidence trends from 2024 to 2035.To assess the performance of the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 model in China,disease-specific multipliers—defined as the ratio of GBD estimates to national surveillance data—along with their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to quantify discrepancies and evaluate the consistency between modeled estimates and empirical observations.Results From 2010 to 2023,the incidence rates of leptospirosis[average annual percent change(AAPC)=-5.527%,95%CI:-11.054,-0.485],encephalitis(AAPC=-16.934%,95%CI:-23.690,-11.245),hemorrhagic fever(AAPC=-5.384%,95%CI:-7.754,-2.924),rabies(AAPC=-20.428%,95%CI:-21.076,-19.841),and schistosomiasis(AAPC=-28.378%,95%CI:-40.688,-15.656)showed a declining trend in China.In contrast,brucellosis exhibited a modest but statistically significant increase(AAPC=0.151%,95%CI:0.031,0.272).For most diseases,incidence rates were consistently higher in males than females.Children aged 0-5 years accounted for a substantial proportion of encephalitis and leishmaniasis cases,while adults aged 14-65 years represented the primary affected group across the majority of diseases.Occupationally,farmers and herders were the most affected populations.Compared to national surveillance data,the GBD 2021 model substantially overestimated the burden of zoonotic diseases in China,particularly for echinococcosis(by 3.611-7.409 times)and leishmaniasis(by 3.054-10.500 times).Conclusion The study revealed significant decline in several major zoonoses in China,while brucellosis showed a continued upward trend.These findings highlight the urgent need for a One Health-based prevention and control system to interrupt cross-species transmission and reduce long-term public health risks.展开更多
Introduction:Suidae-associated zoonotic viruses represent a significant global public health threat through cross-species transmission events.Current research remains limited to localized outbreak investigations and l...Introduction:Suidae-associated zoonotic viruses represent a significant global public health threat through cross-species transmission events.Current research remains limited to localized outbreak investigations and lacks comprehensive,systematic global analysis.Methods:We collected human-Suidae virus data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Virus Database,integrating viral characteristics,host information,and environmental and anthropogenic factors.Boosted Regression Trees(BRT)models were employed to evaluate cross-species transmission risk and identify key predictive factors.Results:A total of 43 human-Suidae zoonotic viruses reported durng 1882-2022 were evaluated.The Boosted Regression Trees(BRT)model achieved area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.924(training)and 0.804(testing).Host-human phylogenetic distance and viral genome size emerged as the primary predictors.Porcine circovirus 3(PCV3)demonstrated the highest predicted risk(>0.9).Conclusions:This study establishes a data-driven framework for assessing cross-species transmission risk,supporting early warning systems and targeted prevention strategies.The findings underscore the critical importance of One Health approaches and recommend enhanced surveillance and biosecurity measures for high-risk viruses such as PCV3.展开更多
Melioidosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei.It is predominantly endemic in Southeast Asia[1-3].Clinical manifestations are often non-specific,commonly presenting as pneumonia or...Melioidosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei.It is predominantly endemic in Southeast Asia[1-3].Clinical manifestations are often non-specific,commonly presenting as pneumonia or skin abscesses[4],and may progress to severe sepsis with a high case-fatality rate of 10%-50%[5].Due to its early flu-like symptoms,melioidosis is frequently misdiagnosed by clinicians in non-endemic regions.Beijing,located in the North Temperate Zone,rarely reports melioidosis cases;the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals may lead to misdiagnosis and fatal outcomes.展开更多
文摘This review represents an updated scenario on the transmission cycle,epidemiology,clinical features and pathogenicity,diagnosis and treatment,and prevention and control measures of a cestode parasite Echincoccus granulosus(E.granulosus) infection causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans.Human CE is a serious life-threatening neglected zoonotic disease that occurs in both developing and developed countries,and is recognized as a major public health problem. The life cycle of E.granulosus involves a definitive host(dogs and other canids) for the adult E.granulosus that resides in the intestine,and an intermediate host(sheep and other herbivores) for the tissue-invading metacestode(larval) stage.Humans are only incidentally infected;since the completion of the life cycle of E.granulosus depends on carnivores feeding on herbivores bearing hydatid cysts with viable protoscoleces,humans represent usually the dead end for the parasite.On ingestion of E.granulosus eggs,hydatid cysts are formed mostly in liver and lungs, and occasionally in other organs of human body,which are considered as uncommon sites of localization of hydatid cysts.The diagnosis of extrahepatic echinococcal disease is more accurate today because of the availability of new imaging techniques,and the current treatments include surgery and percutaneous drainage,and chemotherapy(albendazole and mebendazole).But.the wild animals that involve in sylvatic cycle may overlap and interact with the domestic sheepdog cycle,and thus complicating the control efforts.The updated facts and phenomena regarding human and animal CE presented herein are due to the web search of SCI and non-SCI journals.
文摘The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.
基金financially supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(grant No.94-01-04-10456)
文摘Objective: To predict the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis and assess the relationship between the disease trend and weather variables in south of Fars province using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(SARIMA) model,Methods: The trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis was predicted using Mini tab software and SARIMA model,Besides,information about the disease and weather conditions was collected monthly based on time series design during January 2010 to March 2016,Moreover,various SARIMA models were assessed and the best one was selected,Then,the model's fitness was evaluated based on normality of the residuals' distribution,correspondence between the fitted and real amounts,and calculation of Akaike Information Criteria(AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria(BIC),Results: The study results indicated that SARIMA model(4,1,4)(0,1,0)(12) in general and SARIMA model(4,1,4)(0,1,1)(12) in below and above 15 years age groups could appropriately predict the disease trend in the study area,Moreover,temperature with a three-month delay(lag3) increased the disease trend,rainfall with a four-month delay(lag4) decreased the disease trend,and rainfall with a nine-month delay(lag9) increased the disease trend,Conclusions: Based on the results,leishmaniasis follows a descending trend in the study area in case drought condition continues,SARIMA models can suitably measure the disease trend,and the disease follows a seasonal trend.
基金supported by Hallym University Research Fund and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2017R1A2B4012944&NRF-2020R1C1C1008694)
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus(CoV),has recently emerged as a significant pathogen for humans and the cause for the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)throughout the globe.For developing any preventive measure,an understanding of the zoonotic pattern for this virus is a necessity.We should have a clear knowledge of its reservoir host,its distribution pattern and spreading routes.Information about zoonotic reservoirs and its transmission among them can help to understand the COVID-19 outbreaks.In this article,we discuss about the bats as the zoonotic reservoir of several CoV strains,co-existence of bats and CoV/viruses,the sequence similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with bat SARS-like CoV,the probable source of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 strain and COVID-19 outbreak,intermediate host of CoVs and SARS-CoV-2,human to human transmission and the possibility to maintain the zoonotic barriers.Our knowledge about the zoonotic reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission ability may help develop the preventive measures and control for the future outbreak of CoV.
文摘Raw poultry and poultry products are a significant source of zoonotic bacterial pathogen transmission;thus the sensitive detection of major zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes) is a vital food safety issue. Recently, third generation PCR technology, known as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been developed to be more accurate and sensitive to detect genetic targets than current quantification methods, but this technology has not been tested within an industrial setting. There is an on-going study within our laboratory is investigating the effects of sampling times and sampling methods on the cultural and molecular (via qPCR) quantification of dominant zoonotic pathogens within a poultry processing facility. This presents a unique opportunity to compare the quantification resulted from this emerging, third generation technology to traditional quantification methods currently employed by the poultry industry. The results show that ddPCR detected pathogen-specific genes from more pathogen:sampling time combinations than either the qPCR or culturing methods from the final scalder and chiller tanks at three stages of processing (Start, Mid, and End). In fact, both ddPCR and qPCR substantially outperformed culture methods commonly used in poultry processing food safety-related studies, with Salmonella recovered only from the Mid and End sampling times from the scalder tank. While neither C. jejuni nor L. monocytogenes were recovered culturally, ddPCR was able to detect their respective genes commonly throughout the processing day in both the scalder and chiller water samples. Additionally, the use of unfiltered processing water provided significantly greater detection of bacterial and pathogen-specific gene abundances than did an analysis of larger volumes of filtered water. Considering the ddPCR-derived concentrations of the bacterial pathogens were consistent with what was previously found culturally in commercial poultry processing operations, ddPCR represented a significant advancement in poultry processing zoonotic pathogen quantification.
基金Supported by a grant from Royal Dutch Embassy,Dar-es-Salaam,Tanzania(grant No.RNE/T-032)
文摘Objective:To estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis,cysticercosis,tuberculosis,leptospirosis,brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughtered bovine stock(aged≥3 years)at Tanga city abattoir,Tanzania.Methods:Prevalence estimation of the five zoonotic diseases was undertaken through an active abattoir and sero-survey was carried out in Tanga city,during the period of January 2002and March 2004.Serum samples collected from a sub-sample(n=51)of the slaughter stock were serologically screened for antibodies against brucellosis,leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using Rose Bengal plate test,microscopic agglutination test(for 5 serovars of Leptospira interrogans)and Eiken latex agglutination test,respectively.The same animals were tested for tuberculosis using the single intradermal tuberculin test.Results:Post mortem examination of 12 444 slaughter cattle(10 790 short horn zebu and 1 654 graded)over a period of twenty two months,showed a prevalence of 1.56%(194)for hydatidosis,1.49%(185)for cysticercosis and 0.32%(40)for tuberculosis.In all three zoonoses,a statistically significant difference in infection rates was noted between the short horn zebu and graded breeds(P<0.05).The overall seroprevalences of animals with brucellosis,toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis antibodies were found to be 12%,12%and 51%,respectively.The most common leptospiral antibodies detected were those against antigens of serovars Leptospira hardjo(29%),Leptospira tarassovi(18%),Leptospira bataviae(4%)and Leptospira pomona(0%).With regard to tuberculosis,10%(n=5)of the animals tested were classified as non-specific reactors or inconclusive.Conclusions:The study findings suggest that brucellosis,toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis are prevalent in Tanga and provide definitive evidence of slaughtered stock exposure to these zoonotic agents with concurrent public health consequences.
文摘Zoonotic diseases, transmitted between humans and animals, pose a substantial threat to global public health. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the fight against diseases. This comprehensive review discusses the innovative applications of AI in the management of zoonotic diseases, including disease prediction, early diagnosis, drug development, and future prospects. AI-driven predictive models leverage extensive datasets to predict disease outbreaks and transmission patterns, thereby facilitating proactive public health responses. Early diagnosis benefits from AI-powered diagnostic tools that expedite pathogen identification and containment. Furthermore, AI technologies have accelerated drug discovery by identifying potential drug targets and optimizing candidate drugs. This review addresses these advancements, while also examining the promising future of AI in zoonotic disease control. We emphasize the pivotal role of AI in revolutionizing our approach to managing zoonotic diseases and highlight its potential to safeguard the health of both humans and animals on a global scale.
基金supported by the Pasteur Institute of Irangrant 501 awarded to Dr.Parviz Parvizi,Another part of this wok was funded by National Institute Of Health Research (NIHR) project No 63-9024
文摘Ohjective:To assess molecular characterization,distribution,seasonal activities of sandfly species and Leishmania parasites infecting them for this zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus.Methods:The collections were carried out in 2009-2011 using CDC traps,Sticky Papers and manual aspirator in and around the villages in Abarkouh district.Individual sandflies were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.Leishmania parasite infections within sandflies were performed by targeting Cyt b,ITS-rDNA,k-DNA and microsatellite genes.Results:The PCR assays detected only Leishmania major(L.major).All infections(30)were found in the abundant and widespread vector Phlebolomus papalasi(P.papatasi).Small numbers of other sandfly species were also screened for infections,but none was found.Sergentomyia sinloni and P.papalasi were the predominant members in all locations of this district and in all habitats throughout the trapping season.Only five other sandfly species were found,namely Phlebolomus ansari,Phlebotomus caucasicus,Phlebotomus sergenti,Sergentomyia dentata and Sergentomyia merviney.Conclusions:In the current survey,the only infections detected are of L.major in females of P.papatasi(30 out of190).The rates of infection of P.papalasi by L.major are not significantly different in compare with other locations in Iran with no diversity of parasite strains.Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis may have emerged only recently in Abarkouh district,and the reason may well be the instability of the transmission cycles there.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of People's Republic of China(grant no.2021YFC2300800 and 2021YFC2300804)the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion(no.21410750200)from Shanghai Municipality Government。
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is a rapidly evolving field that can impel research in communicable diseases with respect to climate projections,ecological indicators and environmental impact,at the same time revealing new,previously overlooked events.A number of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases already show signs of expanding their northern geographical ranges and appropriate risk assessment and decision support are urgently needed.The deployment of AI-enabled monitoring systems tracking animal populations and environmental changes is of immense potential in the study of transmission under different climate scenarios.In addition,AI's capability to identify new treatments should not only accelerate drug and vaccine discovery but also help predicting their effectiveness,while its contribution to genetic pathogen speciation would assist the evaluation of spillover risks with regard to viral infections from animals to human.Close collaboration between AI experts,epidemiologists and other stakeholders is not only crucial for responding to challenges interconnected with a variety of variables effectively,but also necessary to warrant responsible AI use.Despite its wider successful implementation in many fields,AI should be seen as a complement to,rather than a replacement of,traditional public health measures.
文摘Background:Zoonotic diseases originating in animals pose a significant threat to global public health.Recent outbreaks,such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),have caused widespread illness,death,and socioeconomic disruptions worldwide.To cope with these diseases effectively,it is crucial to strengthen surveillance capabilities and establish rapid response systems.Aim:The aim of this review is to examine the modern technologies and solutions that have the potential to enhance zoonotic disease surveillance and outbreak responses and provide valuable insights into how cuttingedge innovations could be leveraged to prevent,detect,and control emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks.Herein,we discuss advanced tools including big data analytics,artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,geographic information systems,remote sensing,molecular diagnostics,point-of-care testing,telemedicine,digital contact tracing,and early warning systems.Results:These technologies enable real-time monitoring,the prediction of outbreak risks,early anomaly detection,rapid diagnosis,and targeted interventions during outbreaks.When integrated through collaborative partnerships,these strategies can significantly improve the speed and effectiveness of zoonotic disease control.However,several challenges persist,particularly in resource-limited settings,such as infrastructure limitations,costs,data integration and training requirements,and ethical implementation.Conclusion:With strategic planning and coordinated efforts,modern technologies and solutions offer immense potential to bolster surveillance and outbreak responses,and serve as a critical resource against emerging zoonotic disease threats worldwide.
基金supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Program(Grant number OPPGH5336)Gondar University
文摘Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages.Methods:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,2014.Ketamine(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic bags.The tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN medium.Blood and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for microscopy.These tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania infection.Results:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal organs.The infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus respectively.Almost all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) skin.In all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar habitats.Conclusions:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini.Detailed studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.
基金supported by the startup research grant of the Pennsylvania State University(S.V.K.)
文摘Objective:To carry out the genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of three avian orthoavulavirus 1(AOAV-1)isolates from poultry workers with respiratory symptoms.Methods:Using Illumina Mi Seq,whole-genome sequencing was carried out to assess the evolutionary dynamics of three AOAV-1 isolates.A phylogenetic and comparative analysis of all coding genes was done using bioinformatics tools.Results:Phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance estimation suggested a close relationship among human-and avian-originated velogenic strains of genotypeⅩⅢ,sub-genotypeⅩⅢ.2.1.Several substitutions in the significant structural and biological motifs were exclusively identified in the human-originated strains.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this is the first report of a velogenic AOAV-1 isolate from natural infection of the human upper respiratory tract.Our findings highlight the evolution and zoonotic potential of velogenic AOAV-1 in a disease endemic setting.
文摘More than 60% human infectious diseases have zoonotic origin. Cross species transmission of pathogens is a continuous, dynamic process that occurs throughout the world, giving rise to epizootic (temporary, limited infection), endemic (on-going infection limited to a defined geographic region) and pandemic viral infections (infection spreading to every part of the world) like the current COVID-19 pandemic, which depends on the existing conditions on the ground. In Nov 2021, sudden mortality of numerous migrating demoiselle cranes was reported from their resting site near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The symptomatic cranes became gradually weak and were unable to fly. They eventually fell dead which caused concern locally, given the current prevailing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation the world over. By the end of Dec 2021, the number of cranes with mortality and morbidity reduced, making it a temporary “epizootic infection”. Molecular diagnosis carried out at a specialized laboratory identified the etiological agent to be the highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 (HPAIV), which has been responsible for morbidity of avian species from different parts of the world. There was no report of spreading the H5N1 AIV infection from the infected migratory cranes to nearby chicken farms or pig farms for now. In the absence of vaccines against the highly pathogenic H5N1 AIVs, and the inherent ability of influenza viruses, both avian AIV and human IAVs to constantly mutate its envelope gene or the surface antigens, resulting from the error-prone nature of the viral RNA Polymerase enzyme are the roadblocks for development of a universal, broad-spectrum influenza vaccine. Even when such a universal vaccine against H5N1 is available, vaccinating a large number of wild migratory cranes would be difficult. However, it is possible and indeed necessary to vaccinate chickens in poultry farms and pigs in farms that raise pigs for human consumption.
文摘Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an almost 50% death rate. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated subjects and infecting the human respiratory system. Ephrin B2 and B3, the surface glycoproteins on the host cell, have been the primary and the most effective route for viral entrance. Binding with viral surface G protein, the F protein triggers, enabling viral-host fusion. Until now, NiV vaccines are not yet available in the public market, however, preventions such as avoiding direct contact and masking are advised.
文摘The authors regret the occurrence of errors in updating the article<1.Reference 5 should be"Y.Y.Zhu,H.Y.Wu,C.Z.Zhang,S.H.Mao,X.Zhou,Q.H.Zhang,et al.Preliminary investigation on infection of novel bunyavirus among animals and ticks in Shanghai,from 2012 to 2014,Chin.J.Zoonoses 33(08)(2017)700-704.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2017.08.007."
基金supported by the KRIBB Research Initiative Program(KGM4252533,KGM5162524,KGM5362521)the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2021-NR057659)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.GTL24021-000).
文摘A recent study published in Science by Hyunjoon Kim and colleagues has established the world’s most comprehensive bat organoid platform,marking a significant advancement in comparative virology and pandemic preparedness research.1 This innovative research addresses critical knowledge gaps in zoonotic disease transmission by developing sophisticated laboratory models that closely mimic bat tissues.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82304207)Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region,China(XZ202501JD0012)+4 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L232014)Research on Key Technologies of Plague Prevention and Control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0006)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2233300001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2307500)supported by the Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases Project(BJRID2025-001).
文摘Interactions among zoonotic pathogens play a critical role in shaping disease transmission,severity,and public health responses.However,the mechanisms and population-level consequences of these interactions remain underexplored in current modelling frameworks.This review aims to synthesize emerging evidence and address key scientific challenges in understanding how pathogen interactions influence transmission dynamics and mathematical modelling,with a focus on zoonotic and other cocirculating pathogens.In this review,we synthesize current evidence on synergistic,antagonistic,and neutral interactions between zoonotic and other cocirculating pathogens.We explore the underlying mechanisms of these interactions,such as transmission enhancement,immune modulation,and resource competition,at both the individual and population levels.We further review mathematical models to illustrate how these interaction features,such as transmission pathways,coinfection histories,cross-immunity,and superspreading potential,could be incorporated into epidemiological frameworks to increase our understanding of the community transmission of infections.Particular attention is given to the challenges of parameter estimation,incomplete surveillance data,and the difficulty of modelling interactions across scales and pathogen types.Understanding and modelling these interactions is essential for predicting outbreak trajectories,designing effective vaccination strategies,and improving early-warning systems.We conclude by calling for enhanced integration of empirical data and mechanistic modelling,especially in the context of emerging zoonoses and postpandemic preparedness.This review provides a structured perspective to support future interdisciplinary efforts aimed at managing cocirculating pathogens and mitigating their public health impact.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC2310902)the Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)Key Discipline Project(No.GWVI-11.1-12)+7 种基金the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion from Shanghai Municipality Government(21410750200)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2022CX010)Talent Fund of Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(LH001.007)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(23ZR1464000,22Y11920200)Science and technology development project of Shanghai University of traditional Chinese medicine(24BZH07)Excellent Academic Leaders Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(22XD1423500)Multidisciplinary Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(ZYYCXTD-D-202208)the 2023 Xuhui District Project(23XHYD-25).
文摘Background Zoonotic diseases remain a significant public health challenge in China.This study examines the temporal trends,disease burden,and demographic patterns of major zoonoses from 2010 to 2023.Methods This study analyzed data from China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System(NNIDRS,2010-2023)on nine major zoonoses,including echinococcosis,brucellosis,leptospirosis,anthrax,leishmaniasis,encephalitis(Japanese encephalitis),hemorrhagic fever,rabies,and schistosomiasis.Joinpoint regression was applied to assess annual trends in incidence rates,while autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)and exponential smoothing models were used to forecast incidence trends from 2024 to 2035.To assess the performance of the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 model in China,disease-specific multipliers—defined as the ratio of GBD estimates to national surveillance data—along with their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to quantify discrepancies and evaluate the consistency between modeled estimates and empirical observations.Results From 2010 to 2023,the incidence rates of leptospirosis[average annual percent change(AAPC)=-5.527%,95%CI:-11.054,-0.485],encephalitis(AAPC=-16.934%,95%CI:-23.690,-11.245),hemorrhagic fever(AAPC=-5.384%,95%CI:-7.754,-2.924),rabies(AAPC=-20.428%,95%CI:-21.076,-19.841),and schistosomiasis(AAPC=-28.378%,95%CI:-40.688,-15.656)showed a declining trend in China.In contrast,brucellosis exhibited a modest but statistically significant increase(AAPC=0.151%,95%CI:0.031,0.272).For most diseases,incidence rates were consistently higher in males than females.Children aged 0-5 years accounted for a substantial proportion of encephalitis and leishmaniasis cases,while adults aged 14-65 years represented the primary affected group across the majority of diseases.Occupationally,farmers and herders were the most affected populations.Compared to national surveillance data,the GBD 2021 model substantially overestimated the burden of zoonotic diseases in China,particularly for echinococcosis(by 3.611-7.409 times)and leishmaniasis(by 3.054-10.500 times).Conclusion The study revealed significant decline in several major zoonoses in China,while brucellosis showed a continued upward trend.These findings highlight the urgent need for a One Health-based prevention and control system to interrupt cross-species transmission and reduce long-term public health risks.
文摘Introduction:Suidae-associated zoonotic viruses represent a significant global public health threat through cross-species transmission events.Current research remains limited to localized outbreak investigations and lacks comprehensive,systematic global analysis.Methods:We collected human-Suidae virus data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Virus Database,integrating viral characteristics,host information,and environmental and anthropogenic factors.Boosted Regression Trees(BRT)models were employed to evaluate cross-species transmission risk and identify key predictive factors.Results:A total of 43 human-Suidae zoonotic viruses reported durng 1882-2022 were evaluated.The Boosted Regression Trees(BRT)model achieved area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.924(training)and 0.804(testing).Host-human phylogenetic distance and viral genome size emerged as the primary predictors.Porcine circovirus 3(PCV3)demonstrated the highest predicted risk(>0.9).Conclusions:This study establishes a data-driven framework for assessing cross-species transmission risk,supporting early warning systems and targeted prevention strategies.The findings underscore the critical importance of One Health approaches and recommend enhanced surveillance and biosecurity measures for high-risk viruses such as PCV3.
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1G-4362)the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China(2018ZX10714002-003-002).
文摘Melioidosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Burkholderia(B.)pseudomallei.It is predominantly endemic in Southeast Asia[1-3].Clinical manifestations are often non-specific,commonly presenting as pneumonia or skin abscesses[4],and may progress to severe sepsis with a high case-fatality rate of 10%-50%[5].Due to its early flu-like symptoms,melioidosis is frequently misdiagnosed by clinicians in non-endemic regions.Beijing,located in the North Temperate Zone,rarely reports melioidosis cases;the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals may lead to misdiagnosis and fatal outcomes.
