A thorough understanding of the growth behaviors of Zn anode at various temperatures is essential for improving the lifespan of Zn-based flow batteries(ZFBs).However,the impact of temperature on Zn deposition in ZFBs ...A thorough understanding of the growth behaviors of Zn anode at various temperatures is essential for improving the lifespan of Zn-based flow batteries(ZFBs).However,the impact of temperature on Zn deposition in ZFBs has not been thoroughly investigated.In this work,we find that at low temperatures(0–40°C)Zn deposit presents a dense and smooth morphology with minimal side reactions,such as hydrogen evolution and aqueous corrosion.Above 60°C,Zn begins to grow vertically on the substrate,forming larger particles and intensifying side reactions.These differences in Zn growth behaviors at varying temperatures are closely linked to changes in Zn nucleation,as observed through in situ atomic force microscopy.Consequently,elevated temperature in a ZFB promotes preferentially vertical deposition of Zn at the membrane/electrode interface,extending into the membrane.As a result,this significantly hinders ion transport across the membrane and substantially increases the risk of short-circuiting.This process is the primary factor contributing to the reduced lifespan of ZFBs at high temperatures.展开更多
Following the footsteps of biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based alloys,biodegradable Zn-based alloy is a newcomer and rising star in the family of biodegradable metals and alloys.The combined superior mechanical proper...Following the footsteps of biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based alloys,biodegradable Zn-based alloy is a newcomer and rising star in the family of biodegradable metals and alloys.The combined superior mechanical properties,appropriate degradation rates,excellent biocompatibility of biodegradable Zn-based alloys have brought worldwide research interest on the design,development and clinical translation of Zn-based alloys.The present perspective has summarized opportunities and challenges in the development of biodegradable Zn-based alloys.展开更多
Due to its high theoretical capacity(820 mAh g^(−1)),low standard electrode potential(−0.76 V vs.SHE),excellent stability in aqueous solutions,low cost,environmental friendliness and intrinsically high safety,zinc(Zn)...Due to its high theoretical capacity(820 mAh g^(−1)),low standard electrode potential(−0.76 V vs.SHE),excellent stability in aqueous solutions,low cost,environmental friendliness and intrinsically high safety,zinc(Zn)-based batteries have attracted much attention in developing new energy storage devices.In Zn battery system,the battery performance is significantly affected by the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which is controlled by electrode and electrolyte,and attracts dendrite growth,electrochemical stability window range,metallic Zn anode corrosion and passivation,and electrolyte mutations.Therefore,the design of SEI is decisive for the overall performance of Zn battery systems.This paper summarizes the formation mechanism,the types and characteristics,and the characterization techniques associated with SEI.Meanwhile,we analyze the influence of SEI on battery performance,and put forward the design strategies of SEI.Finally,the future research of SEI in Zn battery system is prospected to seize the nature of SEI,improve the battery performance and promote the large-scale application.展开更多
Two Zn-based sorbents, L-991 and L-992 used for hot gas desulfurization (HGD) were introduced. Zn/Ti ratio of the two sorbent was 1:1 and 2:3 resptively and a certain proportion of Cu and Mn metal oxide were added int...Two Zn-based sorbents, L-991 and L-992 used for hot gas desulfurization (HGD) were introduced. Zn/Ti ratio of the two sorbent was 1:1 and 2:3 resptively and a certain proportion of Cu and Mn metal oxide were added into L-992, which provided better performance than L-991 in aspects of suitable work temperature, sulfur capacity and agglomeration on the surface of sorbent particles. The evaluation tests were done on both sorbents include multi cycles tests. ARD and SEM analysis were done on fresh and post tests sorbent. During continuous sulfidation/regeneration, the H2S concentra- tion can be reduced from about 10 g/m3 to less than 20 mg/m3, the H2S removal effi- ciency >99 %.展开更多
Supercapacitor is considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems because of its high power density, long life and low production cost. Electrode materials play important roles in the performance of Sup...Supercapacitor is considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems because of its high power density, long life and low production cost. Electrode materials play important roles in the performance of Supercapacitor (SC). In this study, Zn-based hydrotalcite structure materials are prepared by hydrothermal method. The influence of Zn/Al ratio in precursors on electrochemical properties of electrode materials is investigated. The results show that Al(III) promotes the formation of relatively ordered active substances and participates in redox reaction on electrode surface. Specific capacitance of Zn-based electrode reaches 2557 F<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup> (1.0 A<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup>) at Zn/Al molar ratio of 1:1 in precursors. This method is simple and environmentally friendly. The electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and stability, showing this material application prospect for supercapacitor.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stabil...Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stability of Zn anode and a narrow operating voltage window of aqueous electrolyte.Zwitterions are typically organic salts in which cations and anions are covalently bonded.Zwitterionic materials have garnered considerable research attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their solubility in polar solvents,strong hydration ability,and dipole formation for the transfer of carriers.Zwitterionic materials have been shown to achieve excellent effects on addressing the issues in AZES devices,yet the explorations with limited understanding of the functional mechanism and design basis of the zwitterionic materials.Accordingly,this review discusses the unique structure and characteristics of zwitterionic materials and summaries the applications and mechanisms of zwitterionic materials in AZES devices.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of zwitterionic materials working in the AZES devices optimization are offered for future research.展开更多
Developing environmentalyl friendly and energy-efficient CO_(2)adsorbents for post-combustion capture is a critical step toward achieving toward carbon neutrality.While aqueous amines and metal oxides have play pivota...Developing environmentalyl friendly and energy-efficient CO_(2)adsorbents for post-combustion capture is a critical step toward achieving toward carbon neutrality.While aqueous amines and metal oxides have play pivotal roles in CO_(2)capture,their application is limited by issues such as secondary pollution and high energy consumption.In contrast,Zn-based metal-organic frameworks(Zn-based MOFs)have emerged as a green alternative,offering low toxicity reduced regeneration temperatures,and high efficiency in both CO_(2)adsorption and catalytic conversion into valuable fuels and chemicals.This mini review begins with a general introduction to MOFs in CO_(2)capture and conversion,followed by an overview of early studies on Zn-based MOFs for CO_(2)capture.It then summarizes recent research advancements in Zn-based MOFs for integrated CO_(2)capture and conversion.Finally,it discusses key challenges and future research directions for post-combustion CO_(2)capture and conversion using Zn-based MOFs.展开更多
Low-dimensional lead-free metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for anti-counterfeiting applications,characterized by their low toxicity,diverse crystal structures,and exceptional optical properties.Conve...Low-dimensional lead-free metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for anti-counterfeiting applications,characterized by their low toxicity,diverse crystal structures,and exceptional optical properties.Conventional anti-counterfeiting technologies based on low-dimensional metal halides are often constrained by complex and time-consuming heating and solvent treatments that may insufficiently modify the luminescent characteristics of emitters,thus hindering their practical implementation in effective anti-counterfeiting strategies.In this study,we employ an innovative alloying strategy in low-dimensional zinc halides Cs_(2)ZnCl_(4) to enhance their luminescent performance.By introducing self-trapped exciton(STE)states through the alloying of Cu^(+)and Sb^(3+)ions in Cs_(2)ZnCl_(4),we achieve bright blue and red photoluminescence(PL)centered at 492 nm and 744 nm,respectively,under 266 nm excitation,with only red emission observed under 365 nm excitation.This approach enables instant and reliable anti-counterfeiting applications.This work presents new opportunities for developing robust anti-counterfeiting and information encryption/decryption technologies.展开更多
Solar energy is clean,green,and virtually limitless.Yet its intermittent nature necessitates the use of efficient energy storage systems to achieve effective harnessing and utilization of solar energy.Solar-to-electro...Solar energy is clean,green,and virtually limitless.Yet its intermittent nature necessitates the use of efficient energy storage systems to achieve effective harnessing and utilization of solar energy.Solar-to-electrochemical energy storage represents an important solar utilization pathway.Photo-rechargeable electrochemical energy storage technologies,that are directly charged by light,can offer a novel approach in addressing the unpredictable energy surpluses and deficits associated with solar energy.Recent researches in the direct use of solar light to charge bat-teries and supercapacitors have demonstrated significant potentials.In this review,we will provide a comprehensive overview of the direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage technologies.We will also highlight the significant research advancements in electrode design,materials chemistry,performance,application prospects in direct photo-rechargeable Zn-ion capacitors,Zn-ion batteries,and Zn-air batteries.Lastly,we will provide insights into the opportunities and future directions in achieving high-performing direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage systems.展开更多
Recently,zinc and its alloys have been proposed as promising candidates for biodegradable metals(BMs),owning to their preferable corrosion behavior and acceptable biocompatibility in cardiovascular,bone and gastrointe...Recently,zinc and its alloys have been proposed as promising candidates for biodegradable metals(BMs),owning to their preferable corrosion behavior and acceptable biocompatibility in cardiovascular,bone and gastrointestinal environments,together with Mg-based and Fe-based BMs.However,there is the desire for surface treatment for Zn-based BMs to better control their biodegradation behavior.Firstly,the implantation of some Zn-based BMs in cardiovascular environment exhibited intimal activation with mild inflammation.Secondly,for orthopedic applications,the biodegradation rates of Zn-based BMs are relatively slow,resulting in a long-term retention after fulfilling their mission.Meanwhile,excessive Zn2+release during degradation will cause in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo delayed osseointegration.In this review,we firstly summarized the current surface modification methods of Zn-based alloys for the industrial applications.Then we comprehensively summarized the recent progress of biomedical bulk Zn-based BMs as well as the corresponding surface modification strategies.Last but not least,the future perspectives towards the design of surface bio-functionalized coatings on Zn-based BMs for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications were also briefly proposed.展开更多
Benefiting from the advantageous features of high safety,abundant reserves,low cost,and high energy density,aqueous Zn-based rechargeable batteries(AZBs)have received extensive attention as promising candidates for en...Benefiting from the advantageous features of high safety,abundant reserves,low cost,and high energy density,aqueous Zn-based rechargeable batteries(AZBs)have received extensive attention as promising candidates for energy storage.To achieve high-performance AZBs with high reversibility and energy density,great efforts have been devoted to overcoming their drawbacks by focusing on the modification of electrode materials and electrolytes.Based on different cathode materials and aqueous electrolytes,the development of aqueous AZBs with different redox mechanisms are discussed in this review,including insertion/extraction chemistries(e.g.,Zn^(2+),alkali metal ion,H^(+),NH_(4)^(+),and so forth dissolution/deposition reactions(e.g.,MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)),redox couples in flow batteries(e.g.,I_(3)/3I,Br_(2)/Br,and so forth),oxygen electrochemistry(e.g.,O_(2)/OH,O_(2)/O_(2)2),and carbon dioxide electrochemistry(e.g.,CO_(2)/CO,CO_(2)/HCOOH).In particular,the basic reaction mechanisms,issues with the Zn electrode,aqueous electrolytes,and cathode materials as well as their design strategies are systematically reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges faced by AZBs are summarized,and perspectives for further investigations are proposed.展开更多
Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appl...Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appli-cations.Among them,aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZBs)are highly valued because of their inherent safety and low cost.One class of emerging materials favorably employed in these devices are organic cathodes,featuring resource renewability,cost-effectiveness,and adjustable electrochemical properties via facile structural modi-fication compared to the conventional inorganic cathodes.To date,various types of organic compounds have been developed and applied to AZBs.This paper comprehensively reviews the mechanisms involved in organic electrode material reactions,highlighting the structural modifications,including morphological,molecular,func-tional group,crystal,and electronic structures,affecting the final device performance.Conclusively,the prospects of practical applications of zinc/organic aqueous battery are delineated.展开更多
Zhuzhou Group well follows corporate development plan to continue brand strategy.Beside the 300000-ton zinc smelting project in Shuikoushan Economic Development Zone Industrial Park in Changning,Hengyang,Hunan,the com...Zhuzhou Group well follows corporate development plan to continue brand strategy.Beside the 300000-ton zinc smelting project in Shuikoushan Economic Development Zone Industrial Park in Changning,Hengyang,Hunan,the company plans to co-establish holdings subsidiary in Nanzhou Industrial Park in Lukou,Zhuzhou,Hunan,to launch a 300000-ton Zn-based material project,with an estimated total investment of RMB 338 million.展开更多
Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its prac...Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)gradually occupied the energy storage market due to their long cycling life;high working voltage;as well as energy density.However;LIBs have high costs due to the limited lithium resource an...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)gradually occupied the energy storage market due to their long cycling life;high working voltage;as well as energy density.However;LIBs have high costs due to the limited lithium resource and difficulty to exploit.Potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have aroused extensive attention over the past few years since they possess considerable potassium salt resources while exhibiting similar electrochemical properties to LIBs.The electrode material takes on great significance in determining the properties exhibited by the batteries.Zinc-based chalcogenides have served as the most suitable anode materials for their numerous raw material resources;low prices;and environmental friendliness.Nevertheless;the application of Zinc-based chalcogenides has been continuously hindered by sluggish diffusion kinetics;low electrical conductivity;as well as huge volume vari-ation.Several effective strategies have been explored to settle the above matters(e.g.;designing nanostructures;constructing carbon composite structures;as well as doping anions or cations to construct heterojunction).In this review;the recent advance of zinc-based chalcogenides(e.g.;electrochemical mechanisms;challenges;and perspectives)are summarized.This review can provide novel insights into the development of transition metal chalcogenides for PIBs.展开更多
The microstructures and properties of the Zn-Cu-Bi-Sn(ZCBS) high-temperature solders with various Sn contents were studied using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffr...The microstructures and properties of the Zn-Cu-Bi-Sn(ZCBS) high-temperature solders with various Sn contents were studied using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the increase of Sn content can both decrease the melting temperature and melting range of ZCBS solders and it can also effectively improve the wettability on Cu substrate.The shear strength of solder joints reaches a maximum value with the Sn addition of 5%(mass fraction),which is attributed to the formation of refined β-Sn and primary ε-CuZn_5 phases in η-Zn matrix.However,when the content of Sn exceeds 5%,the shear strength decreases due to the formation of coarse β-Sn phase,which is net-shaped presented at the grain boundary.展开更多
Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes tha...Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes that originates from dendrite growth,surface passivation and corrosion,severely hinders the further development of ZBs.To tackle these issues,here we report a Janus separator based on a Zn-ion conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which is able to regulate uniform Zn2+flux and electron conduction simultaneously during battery operation.Facilitated by the MOF/rGO bifunctional interlayers,the Zn anodes demonstrate stable plating/stripping behavior(over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2)),high Coulombic efficiency(99.2%at 2 mA cm^(−2) after 100 cycles)and reduced redox barrier.Moreover,it is also found that the Zn corrosion can be effectively retarded through diminishing the potential discrepancy on Zn surface.Such a separator engineering also saliently promotes the overall performance of Zn|MnO2 full cells,which deliver nearly 100%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 4 A g^(−1) and high power density over 10 kW kg^(−1).This work provides a feasible route to the high-performance Zn anodes for ZBs.展开更多
Zn-based sorbent （Z20SC） prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearl...Zn-based sorbent （Z20SC） prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearly detected in the outlet gas before 20 h breakthrough time.The effects of the main operational conditions and the particle size of Z20SC sorbent on its desulfurization performances sorbent were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the desulfurization kinetics of Z20SC sorbent removing H2 S from hot coal gas was calculated based on experimental data.Results showed that the conversion of Z20SC sorbent desulfurization reaction increased with the decrease of the particle size of the sorbent and the increases of gas volumetric flow rate,reaction temperature and H 2 S content in inlet gas.Z20SC sorbent obtained from hydrothermal synthesis by high-pressure impregnation possessed much larger surface area and pore volume than semi-coke support,and they were significantly reduced after the desulfurization reaction.The equivalent grain model was reasonably used to analyze experimental data,in which k s=4.382×10-3 exp（-8.270×103/RgT） and Dep=1.262×10-4exp（1.522×104/RgT）.It suggests that the desulfurization reaction of the Z20SC sorbent is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction in the initial stage and later by the diffusion through the reacted sorbent layer.展开更多
Zn-based electrochemical energy storage(EES)systems have received tremendous attention in recent years,but their zinc anodes are seriously plagued by the issues of zinc dendrite and side reactions(e.g.,corrosion and h...Zn-based electrochemical energy storage(EES)systems have received tremendous attention in recent years,but their zinc anodes are seriously plagued by the issues of zinc dendrite and side reactions(e.g.,corrosion and hydrogen evolution).Herein,we report a novel strategy of employing zincophilic Cu nanowire networks to stabilize zinc anodes from multiple aspects.According to experimental results,COMSOL simulation and density functional theory calculations,the Cu nanowire networks covering on zinc anode surface not only homogenize the surface electric field and Zn^(2+)concentration field,but also inhibit side reactions through their hydrophobic feature.Meanwhile,facets and edge sites of the Cu nanowires,especially the latter ones,are revealed to be highly zincophilic to induce uniform zinc nucleation/deposition.Consequently,the Cu nanowire networks-protected zinc anodes exhibit an ultralong cycle life of over 2800 h and also can continuously operate for hundreds of hours even at very large charge/discharge currents and areal capacities(e.g.,10 mA cm^(-2)and 5 mAh cm^(-2)),remarkably superior to bare zinc anodes and most of currently reported zinc anodes,thereby enabling Zn-based EES devices to possess high capacity,16,000-cycle lifespan and rapid charge/discharge ability.This work provides new thoughts to realize long-life and high-rate zinc anodes.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1504500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22372158, 21825203, 22332006, 22288201, 22209179, 22478379 and 22379142)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0600300)
文摘A thorough understanding of the growth behaviors of Zn anode at various temperatures is essential for improving the lifespan of Zn-based flow batteries(ZFBs).However,the impact of temperature on Zn deposition in ZFBs has not been thoroughly investigated.In this work,we find that at low temperatures(0–40°C)Zn deposit presents a dense and smooth morphology with minimal side reactions,such as hydrogen evolution and aqueous corrosion.Above 60°C,Zn begins to grow vertically on the substrate,forming larger particles and intensifying side reactions.These differences in Zn growth behaviors at varying temperatures are closely linked to changes in Zn nucleation,as observed through in situ atomic force microscopy.Consequently,elevated temperature in a ZFB promotes preferentially vertical deposition of Zn at the membrane/electrode interface,extending into the membrane.As a result,this significantly hinders ion transport across the membrane and substantially increases the risk of short-circuiting.This process is the primary factor contributing to the reduced lifespan of ZFBs at high temperatures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31700819 and 51871020)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS,No2018QNRC001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500098)。
文摘Following the footsteps of biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based alloys,biodegradable Zn-based alloy is a newcomer and rising star in the family of biodegradable metals and alloys.The combined superior mechanical properties,appropriate degradation rates,excellent biocompatibility of biodegradable Zn-based alloys have brought worldwide research interest on the design,development and clinical translation of Zn-based alloys.The present perspective has summarized opportunities and challenges in the development of biodegradable Zn-based alloys.
基金This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(0515022GH0202253 and 0515022SH0201253).
文摘Due to its high theoretical capacity(820 mAh g^(−1)),low standard electrode potential(−0.76 V vs.SHE),excellent stability in aqueous solutions,low cost,environmental friendliness and intrinsically high safety,zinc(Zn)-based batteries have attracted much attention in developing new energy storage devices.In Zn battery system,the battery performance is significantly affected by the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which is controlled by electrode and electrolyte,and attracts dendrite growth,electrochemical stability window range,metallic Zn anode corrosion and passivation,and electrolyte mutations.Therefore,the design of SEI is decisive for the overall performance of Zn battery systems.This paper summarizes the formation mechanism,the types and characteristics,and the characterization techniques associated with SEI.Meanwhile,we analyze the influence of SEI on battery performance,and put forward the design strategies of SEI.Finally,the future research of SEI in Zn battery system is prospected to seize the nature of SEI,improve the battery performance and promote the large-scale application.
基金Supported by China National "95" Project (96-A26-03-02-01) China National "863" Project (2002AA529080) and China-UK, BRICC, CCRI
文摘Two Zn-based sorbents, L-991 and L-992 used for hot gas desulfurization (HGD) were introduced. Zn/Ti ratio of the two sorbent was 1:1 and 2:3 resptively and a certain proportion of Cu and Mn metal oxide were added into L-992, which provided better performance than L-991 in aspects of suitable work temperature, sulfur capacity and agglomeration on the surface of sorbent particles. The evaluation tests were done on both sorbents include multi cycles tests. ARD and SEM analysis were done on fresh and post tests sorbent. During continuous sulfidation/regeneration, the H2S concentra- tion can be reduced from about 10 g/m3 to less than 20 mg/m3, the H2S removal effi- ciency >99 %.
文摘Supercapacitor is considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems because of its high power density, long life and low production cost. Electrode materials play important roles in the performance of Supercapacitor (SC). In this study, Zn-based hydrotalcite structure materials are prepared by hydrothermal method. The influence of Zn/Al ratio in precursors on electrochemical properties of electrode materials is investigated. The results show that Al(III) promotes the formation of relatively ordered active substances and participates in redox reaction on electrode surface. Specific capacitance of Zn-based electrode reaches 2557 F<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup> (1.0 A<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup>) at Zn/Al molar ratio of 1:1 in precursors. This method is simple and environmentally friendly. The electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and stability, showing this material application prospect for supercapacitor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064).
文摘Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stability of Zn anode and a narrow operating voltage window of aqueous electrolyte.Zwitterions are typically organic salts in which cations and anions are covalently bonded.Zwitterionic materials have garnered considerable research attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their solubility in polar solvents,strong hydration ability,and dipole formation for the transfer of carriers.Zwitterionic materials have been shown to achieve excellent effects on addressing the issues in AZES devices,yet the explorations with limited understanding of the functional mechanism and design basis of the zwitterionic materials.Accordingly,this review discusses the unique structure and characteristics of zwitterionic materials and summaries the applications and mechanisms of zwitterionic materials in AZES devices.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of zwitterionic materials working in the AZES devices optimization are offered for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Pilot Group Program of the Research Fund for International Senior Scientists(Grant No.22250710676)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2024J01261)+3 种基金the Educational Research Projects for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Province,China(JZ230002)Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus,China(2024T010)the Nuclear Energy Development Project(HNKF202307(60))the Super 100 Talents Program of Fujian Province,the 100 Talents Program of Fujian Province,China,the Minjiang Scholar Program of Fujian Province,and the First-Class Discipline Training Project of the Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Fuzhou University,China.
文摘Developing environmentalyl friendly and energy-efficient CO_(2)adsorbents for post-combustion capture is a critical step toward achieving toward carbon neutrality.While aqueous amines and metal oxides have play pivotal roles in CO_(2)capture,their application is limited by issues such as secondary pollution and high energy consumption.In contrast,Zn-based metal-organic frameworks(Zn-based MOFs)have emerged as a green alternative,offering low toxicity reduced regeneration temperatures,and high efficiency in both CO_(2)adsorption and catalytic conversion into valuable fuels and chemicals.This mini review begins with a general introduction to MOFs in CO_(2)capture and conversion,followed by an overview of early studies on Zn-based MOFs for CO_(2)capture.It then summarizes recent research advancements in Zn-based MOFs for integrated CO_(2)capture and conversion.Finally,it discusses key challenges and future research directions for post-combustion CO_(2)capture and conversion using Zn-based MOFs.
基金supported by Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(CSTB2025NSCQ-LZX0001)Ongoing Research Funding Program,(ORF-2025-762)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,National Natural Science Foundationof China(11974063).
文摘Low-dimensional lead-free metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for anti-counterfeiting applications,characterized by their low toxicity,diverse crystal structures,and exceptional optical properties.Conventional anti-counterfeiting technologies based on low-dimensional metal halides are often constrained by complex and time-consuming heating and solvent treatments that may insufficiently modify the luminescent characteristics of emitters,thus hindering their practical implementation in effective anti-counterfeiting strategies.In this study,we employ an innovative alloying strategy in low-dimensional zinc halides Cs_(2)ZnCl_(4) to enhance their luminescent performance.By introducing self-trapped exciton(STE)states through the alloying of Cu^(+)and Sb^(3+)ions in Cs_(2)ZnCl_(4),we achieve bright blue and red photoluminescence(PL)centered at 492 nm and 744 nm,respectively,under 266 nm excitation,with only red emission observed under 365 nm excitation.This approach enables instant and reliable anti-counterfeiting applications.This work presents new opportunities for developing robust anti-counterfeiting and information encryption/decryption technologies.
文摘Solar energy is clean,green,and virtually limitless.Yet its intermittent nature necessitates the use of efficient energy storage systems to achieve effective harnessing and utilization of solar energy.Solar-to-electrochemical energy storage represents an important solar utilization pathway.Photo-rechargeable electrochemical energy storage technologies,that are directly charged by light,can offer a novel approach in addressing the unpredictable energy surpluses and deficits associated with solar energy.Recent researches in the direct use of solar light to charge bat-teries and supercapacitors have demonstrated significant potentials.In this review,we will provide a comprehensive overview of the direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage technologies.We will also highlight the significant research advancements in electrode design,materials chemistry,performance,application prospects in direct photo-rechargeable Zn-ion capacitors,Zn-ion batteries,and Zn-air batteries.Lastly,we will provide insights into the opportunities and future directions in achieving high-performing direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51931001,51901003)the International Cooperation and Exchange project between NSFC(China)and CNR(Italy)(NSFC-CNR Grant No.52011530392)the Open Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials(Grant No.PKUSS20200401).
文摘Recently,zinc and its alloys have been proposed as promising candidates for biodegradable metals(BMs),owning to their preferable corrosion behavior and acceptable biocompatibility in cardiovascular,bone and gastrointestinal environments,together with Mg-based and Fe-based BMs.However,there is the desire for surface treatment for Zn-based BMs to better control their biodegradation behavior.Firstly,the implantation of some Zn-based BMs in cardiovascular environment exhibited intimal activation with mild inflammation.Secondly,for orthopedic applications,the biodegradation rates of Zn-based BMs are relatively slow,resulting in a long-term retention after fulfilling their mission.Meanwhile,excessive Zn2+release during degradation will cause in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo delayed osseointegration.In this review,we firstly summarized the current surface modification methods of Zn-based alloys for the industrial applications.Then we comprehensively summarized the recent progress of biomedical bulk Zn-based BMs as well as the corresponding surface modification strategies.Last but not least,the future perspectives towards the design of surface bio-functionalized coatings on Zn-based BMs for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications were also briefly proposed.
基金Centre Québéco is sur les Materiaux FonctionnelsChina Scholarship Council+5 种基金Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et TechnologiesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaClermont Auvergne MétropoleUniversitéClermont AuvergneI-Site CAP2025Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique。
文摘Benefiting from the advantageous features of high safety,abundant reserves,low cost,and high energy density,aqueous Zn-based rechargeable batteries(AZBs)have received extensive attention as promising candidates for energy storage.To achieve high-performance AZBs with high reversibility and energy density,great efforts have been devoted to overcoming their drawbacks by focusing on the modification of electrode materials and electrolytes.Based on different cathode materials and aqueous electrolytes,the development of aqueous AZBs with different redox mechanisms are discussed in this review,including insertion/extraction chemistries(e.g.,Zn^(2+),alkali metal ion,H^(+),NH_(4)^(+),and so forth dissolution/deposition reactions(e.g.,MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)),redox couples in flow batteries(e.g.,I_(3)/3I,Br_(2)/Br,and so forth),oxygen electrochemistry(e.g.,O_(2)/OH,O_(2)/O_(2)2),and carbon dioxide electrochemistry(e.g.,CO_(2)/CO,CO_(2)/HCOOH).In particular,the basic reaction mechanisms,issues with the Zn electrode,aqueous electrolytes,and cathode materials as well as their design strategies are systematically reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges faced by AZBs are summarized,and perspectives for further investigations are proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822509 and U1810110)Guangdong Province Innovation and Strong School Project(2020ZDZX2004)+2 种基金Wuyi University(2019WGALH14)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project in China(202102020134)Youth Innovation Talents Project of Guangdong Universities(natural science)in China(2019KQNCX098).
文摘Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appli-cations.Among them,aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZBs)are highly valued because of their inherent safety and low cost.One class of emerging materials favorably employed in these devices are organic cathodes,featuring resource renewability,cost-effectiveness,and adjustable electrochemical properties via facile structural modi-fication compared to the conventional inorganic cathodes.To date,various types of organic compounds have been developed and applied to AZBs.This paper comprehensively reviews the mechanisms involved in organic electrode material reactions,highlighting the structural modifications,including morphological,molecular,func-tional group,crystal,and electronic structures,affecting the final device performance.Conclusively,the prospects of practical applications of zinc/organic aqueous battery are delineated.
文摘Zhuzhou Group well follows corporate development plan to continue brand strategy.Beside the 300000-ton zinc smelting project in Shuikoushan Economic Development Zone Industrial Park in Changning,Hengyang,Hunan,the company plans to co-establish holdings subsidiary in Nanzhou Industrial Park in Lukou,Zhuzhou,Hunan,to launch a 300000-ton Zn-based material project,with an estimated total investment of RMB 338 million.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52202253,52072173)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220914)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ILA22061,ILA22075)Large Instrument and Equipment Sharing Fund of NUAA.
文摘Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(no.2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.U21A2033251771076)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(nos.2020B1515120049,2021A1515010332 and 2021A1515010153)R&D Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(no.2020B0101030005).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)gradually occupied the energy storage market due to their long cycling life;high working voltage;as well as energy density.However;LIBs have high costs due to the limited lithium resource and difficulty to exploit.Potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have aroused extensive attention over the past few years since they possess considerable potassium salt resources while exhibiting similar electrochemical properties to LIBs.The electrode material takes on great significance in determining the properties exhibited by the batteries.Zinc-based chalcogenides have served as the most suitable anode materials for their numerous raw material resources;low prices;and environmental friendliness.Nevertheless;the application of Zinc-based chalcogenides has been continuously hindered by sluggish diffusion kinetics;low electrical conductivity;as well as huge volume vari-ation.Several effective strategies have been explored to settle the above matters(e.g.;designing nanostructures;constructing carbon composite structures;as well as doping anions or cations to construct heterojunction).In this review;the recent advance of zinc-based chalcogenides(e.g.;electrochemical mechanisms;challenges;and perspectives)are summarized.This review can provide novel insights into the development of transition metal chalcogenides for PIBs.
基金Project(20115003)supported by the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China
文摘The microstructures and properties of the Zn-Cu-Bi-Sn(ZCBS) high-temperature solders with various Sn contents were studied using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the increase of Sn content can both decrease the melting temperature and melting range of ZCBS solders and it can also effectively improve the wettability on Cu substrate.The shear strength of solder joints reaches a maximum value with the Sn addition of 5%(mass fraction),which is attributed to the formation of refined β-Sn and primary ε-CuZn_5 phases in η-Zn matrix.However,when the content of Sn exceeds 5%,the shear strength decreases due to the formation of coarse β-Sn phase,which is net-shaped presented at the grain boundary.
基金This work was financially supported by Hong Kong Innovation&Technology Fund(ITS/031/18)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0700600)+1 种基金Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province(2017B030301013)Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant(ZDSYS201707281026184).
文摘Owing to the merits of low cost,high safety and environmental benignity,rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries(ZBs)have gained tremendous attention in recent years.Nevertheless,the poor reversibility of Zn anodes that originates from dendrite growth,surface passivation and corrosion,severely hinders the further development of ZBs.To tackle these issues,here we report a Janus separator based on a Zn-ion conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which is able to regulate uniform Zn2+flux and electron conduction simultaneously during battery operation.Facilitated by the MOF/rGO bifunctional interlayers,the Zn anodes demonstrate stable plating/stripping behavior(over 500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2)),high Coulombic efficiency(99.2%at 2 mA cm^(−2) after 100 cycles)and reduced redox barrier.Moreover,it is also found that the Zn corrosion can be effectively retarded through diminishing the potential discrepancy on Zn surface.Such a separator engineering also saliently promotes the overall performance of Zn|MnO2 full cells,which deliver nearly 100%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 4 A g^(−1) and high power density over 10 kW kg^(−1).This work provides a feasible route to the high-performance Zn anodes for ZBs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB723105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976117)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation (2010011014-3)Shanxi Province Basic Conditions Platform for Science and Technology Project(2010091015)
文摘Zn-based sorbent （Z20SC） prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearly detected in the outlet gas before 20 h breakthrough time.The effects of the main operational conditions and the particle size of Z20SC sorbent on its desulfurization performances sorbent were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the desulfurization kinetics of Z20SC sorbent removing H2 S from hot coal gas was calculated based on experimental data.Results showed that the conversion of Z20SC sorbent desulfurization reaction increased with the decrease of the particle size of the sorbent and the increases of gas volumetric flow rate,reaction temperature and H 2 S content in inlet gas.Z20SC sorbent obtained from hydrothermal synthesis by high-pressure impregnation possessed much larger surface area and pore volume than semi-coke support,and they were significantly reduced after the desulfurization reaction.The equivalent grain model was reasonably used to analyze experimental data,in which k s=4.382×10-3 exp（-8.270×103/RgT） and Dep=1.262×10-4exp（1.522×104/RgT）.It suggests that the desulfurization reaction of the Z20SC sorbent is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction in the initial stage and later by the diffusion through the reacted sorbent layer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002149)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515111202)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683186)。
文摘Zn-based electrochemical energy storage(EES)systems have received tremendous attention in recent years,but their zinc anodes are seriously plagued by the issues of zinc dendrite and side reactions(e.g.,corrosion and hydrogen evolution).Herein,we report a novel strategy of employing zincophilic Cu nanowire networks to stabilize zinc anodes from multiple aspects.According to experimental results,COMSOL simulation and density functional theory calculations,the Cu nanowire networks covering on zinc anode surface not only homogenize the surface electric field and Zn^(2+)concentration field,but also inhibit side reactions through their hydrophobic feature.Meanwhile,facets and edge sites of the Cu nanowires,especially the latter ones,are revealed to be highly zincophilic to induce uniform zinc nucleation/deposition.Consequently,the Cu nanowire networks-protected zinc anodes exhibit an ultralong cycle life of over 2800 h and also can continuously operate for hundreds of hours even at very large charge/discharge currents and areal capacities(e.g.,10 mA cm^(-2)and 5 mAh cm^(-2)),remarkably superior to bare zinc anodes and most of currently reported zinc anodes,thereby enabling Zn-based EES devices to possess high capacity,16,000-cycle lifespan and rapid charge/discharge ability.This work provides new thoughts to realize long-life and high-rate zinc anodes.
