The heat content(HC)of water masses on the Ross Sea continental shelf plays an important role in regulating the circulations and the basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf(RIS).Yet,the evolution of the HC on the Ross Sea...The heat content(HC)of water masses on the Ross Sea continental shelf plays an important role in regulating the circulations and the basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf(RIS).Yet,the evolution of the HC on the Ross Sea continental shelf is still not clear due to the sparsity of observations.By employing a coupled regional ocean-sea ice-ice shelf model for the Ross Sea,this study analyzes the heat budget of water masses over the continental shelf and in the RIS cavity.According to the topographic features and the HC density,the continental shelf region is divided into 17 subdomains.The heat budget of the middle layer for every subdomain is analyzed.In addition,the heat budget for the RIS cavity is assessed for the first time.Owing to Modified Circumpolar Deep Water intrusion,water masses over the eastern shelf are warmer than over the western shelf,with the coldest water identified in the southwestern inner shelf.The horizontal heat flux mainly provides heat to the continental shelf,while the atmospheric forcing tends to warm up the ocean during the ice-melting period and cool down the ocean during the ice-freezing period.The vertical heat flux is generally upward and transports heat from the deep layer to the upper layer.In the RIS cavity,the seasonal cycle of the HC is dominated by the horizontal flux across the RIS front rather than the basal thermal forcing of the RIS.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss the concept of travel with a small budget.The concept of Qiongyou-travelling on a tight budget-has gained si...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss the concept of travel with a small budget.The concept of Qiongyou-travelling on a tight budget-has gained significant traction among young travellers in China.展开更多
With the developing and rapidly changing technology,marketing strategies have necessarily changed in order to meet the demands and needs of consumers.The inability of businesses to keep up with this changing system pu...With the developing and rapidly changing technology,marketing strategies have necessarily changed in order to meet the demands and needs of consumers.The inability of businesses to keep up with this changing system pushes them out of the process.In daily life,where consumption never ends,marketing strategies are also consumed very quickly.Although the name changes according to age,the main goal is always more profitability.Digitalization of sales and marketing has made shopping in virtual environments widespread.Most customer services are performed by chatbots.It is seen that these studies are also carried out in the field of health services.From Siri to augmented reality applications,they are in our lives.These intelligent systems date back to the 1970s.So,where are the artificial intelligence and intelligent robots that have taken their place in almost every sector,from health to defense,which has been the favorite of recent years?Although the answer to this question has only recently begun to be researched,it seems that it will be one of the most important issues in the near future.In this study,which seeks a definitive answer to this question,the place and future of artificial intelligence in marketing strategies are discussed.In addition to contributing to the academic world,the study is thought to be useful in artificial intelligence studies.展开更多
This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that ...This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed.The correct Fig.3 has been provided in this orrection.展开更多
An idealized artificial general intelligence(AGI)system is expected to be smart enough to balance competing needs for caution and urgency via the management of limited time resources.However,mainstream Large Language ...An idealized artificial general intelligence(AGI)system is expected to be smart enough to balance competing needs for caution and urgency via the management of limited time resources.However,mainstream Large Language Models(LLMs),due to its working principle requiring operating resources of a tremendous magnitude,cannot be sensitive to the limitation of time resources,hence,it cannot adjust its time-distributions vis-à-vis the combinations of different internal and external conditions.Hence,a new AGI approach to the time-management is needed.By integrating the psychological notion of Need-For-Closure(NFC)and Nagel’s(2008)intellectual invariantism as well as Stanley’s(2005)stake-based epistemology,we will present a unified and computable framework for time-management,namely,a framework intended to handle both the system’s own estimation of the complexity of the task and its perception of the degree of stakes triggered by the task.In addition,in ourmodel,the computable notion of“budget deficit”plays a pivotal role in explaining how the NFC-value is fine-tuned to guide epistemic shifts.展开更多
Daytime activity budgets of feral goats （ Capra hircus ） were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables （temperature and rainf...Daytime activity budgets of feral goats （ Capra hircus ） were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables （temperature and rainfall） and seasonal variations in daylength on daytime activity budgets. This study showed that the percentage of daytime spent in feeding by feral goats on Rum Island decreased with average monthly temperature, while the percentage of daytime spent in lying increased and rainfall had no significant effects on the percentage daytime spent in feeding or lying. The daylength varied greatly from January to December with the longest daylength being in June and July, and the shortest one in December and January. The amount of daytime spent feeding decreased from summer to winter, although the percentage of daytime spent feeding increased greatly from summer to winter. The seasonal variations in daylength seem to be an important factor in constraining feral goats＇ activity, especially in the cold and wet winters when forage biomass and quality are both at their lowest level. We discuss the influence of such constraining effects on the forage intake of these goats and their winter survival rate, as well as its implication for population regulation of these goats.展开更多
The interannual variation characteristics of NPP and carbon emission of Liaoning forest in recent 50 years (from 1961 to 2008) were analyzed based on the hydrothermal optimized NPP model and soil respiration Q10 model...The interannual variation characteristics of NPP and carbon emission of Liaoning forest in recent 50 years (from 1961 to 2008) were analyzed based on the hydrothermal optimized NPP model and soil respiration Q10 model.The results showed that the total amount of annual NPP was increased in recent 50 years,in which the amount of NPP (83.9 Mt) in 2008 was 2.8 times as high as that in 1961.Amount of NPP per unit area changed with different years,and the maximum value was 36.5% more than the minimum one.The net carbon budget of Liaoning forest was carbon sink,with annual 2.1 t CO2/hm2.展开更多
In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00...In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00 am to 4：00 pm in July）. The behavioral ethnogram was identified through observation at the sampling site, with the behaviors of golden takin recorded at 5 min interval using instantaneous scannable sampling method. The results indicated that the resting of golden takin took an important part in the daylight activities. Meanwhile, drinking and urinating and defecating were 1.92 and 0.54 and 0.92 times per head per day. Ambient temperature had a strong effect on the diurnal activity rhythms of golden takin. The diurnal activity rhymes were affected by ages of the animals effectively, which was expressed through differentiation of the time budgets. Moreover, different individuals in the same population showed some non-synchronously activity rhythms.展开更多
The fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems is studied by stochastic programming to assign limited funds to different applications reasonably. Under the constraints of a gross fund, models of chance-con...The fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems is studied by stochastic programming to assign limited funds to different applications reasonably. Under the constraints of a gross fund, models of chance-constrained and dependentchance for the fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems are established with application scale and social demand as random variables, respectively aiming to maximize earnings and satisfy the service requirements the furthest; and the genetic algorithm based on stochastic simulation is adopted for model solution. The calculation results show that the fund budget differs greatly with different system objectives which can cause the systems to have distinct expansibilities, and the application scales of some applications may not satisfy user demands with limited funds. The analysis results indicate that the forecast of application scales and application future demands should be done first, and then the system objective is determined according to the system mission, which can help reduce the risks of fund budgets.展开更多
With rapid development, the agriculture in the European Union （EU） is al- ways in the wodd＇s leading ranks, and with relatively complete systems, the devel- opment of agricultural budget in EU also has achieved a l...With rapid development, the agriculture in the European Union （EU） is al- ways in the wodd＇s leading ranks, and with relatively complete systems, the devel- opment of agricultural budget in EU also has achieved a lot. China＇s agricultural budget has been improved gradually with the rapid economic development, but also has exposed a series of problems. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed through the comparative analysis on the agriculture budgeting, budget en- forcement, budget supervision between Europe and China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFF0506603)the Independent Research Foundation of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant Nos. SML2023SP201 and SML2021SP306)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2024A1515012717)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant Nos. 313021004, 313022009 and 313022001)the Program of Innovation 2030 on Smart Ocean, Zhejiang University
文摘The heat content(HC)of water masses on the Ross Sea continental shelf plays an important role in regulating the circulations and the basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf(RIS).Yet,the evolution of the HC on the Ross Sea continental shelf is still not clear due to the sparsity of observations.By employing a coupled regional ocean-sea ice-ice shelf model for the Ross Sea,this study analyzes the heat budget of water masses over the continental shelf and in the RIS cavity.According to the topographic features and the HC density,the continental shelf region is divided into 17 subdomains.The heat budget of the middle layer for every subdomain is analyzed.In addition,the heat budget for the RIS cavity is assessed for the first time.Owing to Modified Circumpolar Deep Water intrusion,water masses over the eastern shelf are warmer than over the western shelf,with the coldest water identified in the southwestern inner shelf.The horizontal heat flux mainly provides heat to the continental shelf,while the atmospheric forcing tends to warm up the ocean during the ice-melting period and cool down the ocean during the ice-freezing period.The vertical heat flux is generally upward and transports heat from the deep layer to the upper layer.In the RIS cavity,the seasonal cycle of the HC is dominated by the horizontal flux across the RIS front rather than the basal thermal forcing of the RIS.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss the concept of travel with a small budget.The concept of Qiongyou-travelling on a tight budget-has gained significant traction among young travellers in China.
文摘With the developing and rapidly changing technology,marketing strategies have necessarily changed in order to meet the demands and needs of consumers.The inability of businesses to keep up with this changing system pushes them out of the process.In daily life,where consumption never ends,marketing strategies are also consumed very quickly.Although the name changes according to age,the main goal is always more profitability.Digitalization of sales and marketing has made shopping in virtual environments widespread.Most customer services are performed by chatbots.It is seen that these studies are also carried out in the field of health services.From Siri to augmented reality applications,they are in our lives.These intelligent systems date back to the 1970s.So,where are the artificial intelligence and intelligent robots that have taken their place in almost every sector,from health to defense,which has been the favorite of recent years?Although the answer to this question has only recently begun to be researched,it seems that it will be one of the most important issues in the near future.In this study,which seeks a definitive answer to this question,the place and future of artificial intelligence in marketing strategies are discussed.In addition to contributing to the academic world,the study is thought to be useful in artificial intelligence studies.
文摘This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects under Grant 2022ZD0209200in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund (L233009)+4 种基金in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 62374099in part by the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fundin part by the Daikin Tsinghua Union Programin part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua Universitysponsored by CIE-Tencent Robotics X Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed.The correct Fig.3 has been provided in this orrection.
文摘An idealized artificial general intelligence(AGI)system is expected to be smart enough to balance competing needs for caution and urgency via the management of limited time resources.However,mainstream Large Language Models(LLMs),due to its working principle requiring operating resources of a tremendous magnitude,cannot be sensitive to the limitation of time resources,hence,it cannot adjust its time-distributions vis-à-vis the combinations of different internal and external conditions.Hence,a new AGI approach to the time-management is needed.By integrating the psychological notion of Need-For-Closure(NFC)and Nagel’s(2008)intellectual invariantism as well as Stanley’s(2005)stake-based epistemology,we will present a unified and computable framework for time-management,namely,a framework intended to handle both the system’s own estimation of the complexity of the task and its perception of the degree of stakes triggered by the task.In addition,in ourmodel,the computable notion of“budget deficit”plays a pivotal role in explaining how the NFC-value is fine-tuned to guide epistemic shifts.
文摘Daytime activity budgets of feral goats （ Capra hircus ） were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables （temperature and rainfall） and seasonal variations in daylength on daytime activity budgets. This study showed that the percentage of daytime spent in feeding by feral goats on Rum Island decreased with average monthly temperature, while the percentage of daytime spent in lying increased and rainfall had no significant effects on the percentage daytime spent in feeding or lying. The daylength varied greatly from January to December with the longest daylength being in June and July, and the shortest one in December and January. The amount of daytime spent feeding decreased from summer to winter, although the percentage of daytime spent feeding increased greatly from summer to winter. The seasonal variations in daylength seem to be an important factor in constraining feral goats＇ activity, especially in the cold and wet winters when forage biomass and quality are both at their lowest level. We discuss the influence of such constraining effects on the forage intake of these goats and their winter survival rate, as well as its implication for population regulation of these goats.
基金Supported by Public Industry of Science and Technology Ministry (SYKYYW200903)National Natural Science Foundation (40605007)
文摘The interannual variation characteristics of NPP and carbon emission of Liaoning forest in recent 50 years (from 1961 to 2008) were analyzed based on the hydrothermal optimized NPP model and soil respiration Q10 model.The results showed that the total amount of annual NPP was increased in recent 50 years,in which the amount of NPP (83.9 Mt) in 2008 was 2.8 times as high as that in 1961.Amount of NPP per unit area changed with different years,and the maximum value was 36.5% more than the minimum one.The net carbon budget of Liaoning forest was carbon sink,with annual 2.1 t CO2/hm2.
基金The project was sponsored by the Scientific Re-search Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (1999-363).
文摘In July 2006, the diurnal activity rhythms of 13 heads of captive Qinling golden takin were observed in Shaanxi Provincial Centre for the Breeding and Conservation of Rare Wildlife （SPCBCRW） at daylight （from 9：00 am to 4：00 pm in July）. The behavioral ethnogram was identified through observation at the sampling site, with the behaviors of golden takin recorded at 5 min interval using instantaneous scannable sampling method. The results indicated that the resting of golden takin took an important part in the daylight activities. Meanwhile, drinking and urinating and defecating were 1.92 and 0.54 and 0.92 times per head per day. Ambient temperature had a strong effect on the diurnal activity rhythms of golden takin. The diurnal activity rhymes were affected by ages of the animals effectively, which was expressed through differentiation of the time budgets. Moreover, different individuals in the same population showed some non-synchronously activity rhythms.
基金The Key Technology R& D Program of Jiangsu Scienceand Technology Department(No.BE2006010)the Key Technology R& DProgram of Nanjing Science and Technology Bureau(No.200601001)Sci-ence and Technology Research Projects of Nanjing Metro Headquarters(No.8550143007).
文摘The fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems is studied by stochastic programming to assign limited funds to different applications reasonably. Under the constraints of a gross fund, models of chance-constrained and dependentchance for the fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems are established with application scale and social demand as random variables, respectively aiming to maximize earnings and satisfy the service requirements the furthest; and the genetic algorithm based on stochastic simulation is adopted for model solution. The calculation results show that the fund budget differs greatly with different system objectives which can cause the systems to have distinct expansibilities, and the application scales of some applications may not satisfy user demands with limited funds. The analysis results indicate that the forecast of application scales and application future demands should be done first, and then the system objective is determined according to the system mission, which can help reduce the risks of fund budgets.
基金Supported by the Soft Science Project of the Ministry of Agriculture(201603-2)~~
文摘With rapid development, the agriculture in the European Union （EU） is al- ways in the wodd＇s leading ranks, and with relatively complete systems, the devel- opment of agricultural budget in EU also has achieved a lot. China＇s agricultural budget has been improved gradually with the rapid economic development, but also has exposed a series of problems. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed through the comparative analysis on the agriculture budgeting, budget en- forcement, budget supervision between Europe and China.
