Carbon mitigation of buildings is critical to promote a net-zero society.The international society has vigorously promoted“Net Zero Carbon Buildings”across the globe,and accounting for building carbon emissions is c...Carbon mitigation of buildings is critical to promote a net-zero society.The international society has vigorously promoted“Net Zero Carbon Buildings”across the globe,and accounting for building carbon emissions is critical to support this initiative.Embodied carbon,which represents carbon emissions from the entire lifecycle of the buildings,is fundamental for realizing the idea of zero carbon.However,only limited studies have been conducted so far that take into account the city scale.This paper aimed to act as a first try to account for the embodied carbon emissions in buildings in 2020 for the Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area in China(GBA).We integrated remote sensing techniques such as night-time light data(NLT)and building material flows analysis to calculate and spatialize the newly generated building material stocks(MS).Based on the MS data,we further applied life cycle assessment(LCA)to assess the embodied carbon in the buildings.The results highlighted that over 163 million tons of embodied carbon in buildings of GBA are expected to be generated,from 497 million tons of newly generated building MS in 2020.The embodied carbon in each life cycle stage is valuable for further lifecyclebased policy designs for:(i)supporting the updating of the green building certification system with consideration of the embodied carbon;(ii)promoting the green building material application and certification;and(iii)reducing the embodied carbon intensity from compact urban planning policy,such as the urban agglomeration policies in GBA.The goal of this paper was to shed a light on reducing carbon emissions from the perspective of the entire lifecycle and promote the development of net zero carbon buildings in China and Asia-Pacific.展开更多
Optimal scheduling of renewable energy sources and building energy systems serves as a pivotal strategy for achieving zero carbon emission.However,the coordination of zero carbon building energy systems(ZCBS)is still ...Optimal scheduling of renewable energy sources and building energy systems serves as a pivotal strategy for achieving zero carbon emission.However,the coordination of zero carbon building energy systems(ZCBS)is still challenging due to the complicated interactions among multi-energy hybrid storage and the complex coordination between seasonal and daily scheduling.Therefore,this study develops a coordination scheduling approach for ZCBS.An operation model and a seasonal-daily scheduling approach are developed to optimize the operation of hydrogen,geothermal,and water storage devices.The performance of the developed method is demonstrated using numerical case studies.The results show that the ZCBS can be achieved by using renewable energy sources with the system flexibility provided by hydrogen,geothermal,and water storage devices.It is also found that the developed scheduling approach reduces operation costs by more than 43.4%under the same device capacity,compared with existing scheduling approaches.展开更多
The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,inclu...The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,including high construction costs,uncertain returns,and limited investment incentives.This study explores the factors influencing real estate developers’decisions to pursue Net Zero Carbon Buildings in Thailand,with a focus on physical,financial,and policy-related elements.Data collection was done with 388 respondents who are stakeholders,including developers,consultants,designers,and sustainability experts,through an online questionnaire,and analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis.The independent variables in the analytical model consist of three groups of factors:physical buildings,climate finance,and climate policy.The results indicate that physical building factors,including building age,engineering systems,and design;climate finance factors,such as project cost increases,financial returns,and investment incentives;and climate policy factors,including government policies,international climate agreements,and carbon taxes,significantly influence development decisions.Government policies,building engineering systems,and financial incentives were identified as key positive drivers for investment,while carbon taxes and energy efficiency-focused designs were found to potentially discourage investment due to higher costs.The study concludes that substantial government support such as tax incentives,grants,and low-interest financing is critical to fostering investment in Net Zero Carbon Buildings.Additionally,raising awareness among developers and the private sector about the long-term benefits of these projects is essential to strengthening investment incentives.展开更多
In recent years,large high efficiency and Net-Zero Energy Buildings(NZEB)are becoming a reality that are setting construction and energy benchmarks for the industry.As part of this significant effort,in 2018,Mohawk Co...In recent years,large high efficiency and Net-Zero Energy Buildings(NZEB)are becoming a reality that are setting construction and energy benchmarks for the industry.As part of this significant effort,in 2018,Mohawk College opened the 8,981 m^(2)(96,670 ft2)Joyce Centre for Partnership and Innovation(JCPI)building in Hamilton,Ontario;becoming Canada’s largest NZEB and zero-carbon institutional facility.The building integrated a high-efficiency design,construction materials,and technologies;as well as renewable energy technologies to significantly reduce its annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore,the JCPI building was also designed as a living lab where students,faculty,researchers and industry are able to monitor and validate the performance of this state-of-the-art facility.The building was designed to have an energy use intensity of 73 kWh/m^(2)·year(0.26 GJ/m^(2)·year);hence,potentially consuming approximately 80%less energy than the average educational service building in Ontario.This paper gives an overview of the design criteria and technologies that were considered to achieve this innova-tive building.展开更多
Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic w...Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,China(NSFC)[Grant Nos.42001240,72061137071]the Dutch Research Council(NWO)[Grant No.482.19.608]the research grant for the young scientists of NSFC[Grant No.41701636].
文摘Carbon mitigation of buildings is critical to promote a net-zero society.The international society has vigorously promoted“Net Zero Carbon Buildings”across the globe,and accounting for building carbon emissions is critical to support this initiative.Embodied carbon,which represents carbon emissions from the entire lifecycle of the buildings,is fundamental for realizing the idea of zero carbon.However,only limited studies have been conducted so far that take into account the city scale.This paper aimed to act as a first try to account for the embodied carbon emissions in buildings in 2020 for the Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area in China(GBA).We integrated remote sensing techniques such as night-time light data(NLT)and building material flows analysis to calculate and spatialize the newly generated building material stocks(MS).Based on the MS data,we further applied life cycle assessment(LCA)to assess the embodied carbon in the buildings.The results highlighted that over 163 million tons of embodied carbon in buildings of GBA are expected to be generated,from 497 million tons of newly generated building MS in 2020.The embodied carbon in each life cycle stage is valuable for further lifecyclebased policy designs for:(i)supporting the updating of the green building certification system with consideration of the embodied carbon;(ii)promoting the green building material application and certification;and(iii)reducing the embodied carbon intensity from compact urban planning policy,such as the urban agglomeration policies in GBA.The goal of this paper was to shed a light on reducing carbon emissions from the perspective of the entire lifecycle and promote the development of net zero carbon buildings in China and Asia-Pacific.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122062,62192755,62192750 and 62192752)
文摘Optimal scheduling of renewable energy sources and building energy systems serves as a pivotal strategy for achieving zero carbon emission.However,the coordination of zero carbon building energy systems(ZCBS)is still challenging due to the complicated interactions among multi-energy hybrid storage and the complex coordination between seasonal and daily scheduling.Therefore,this study develops a coordination scheduling approach for ZCBS.An operation model and a seasonal-daily scheduling approach are developed to optimize the operation of hydrogen,geothermal,and water storage devices.The performance of the developed method is demonstrated using numerical case studies.The results show that the ZCBS can be achieved by using renewable energy sources with the system flexibility provided by hydrogen,geothermal,and water storage devices.It is also found that the developed scheduling approach reduces operation costs by more than 43.4%under the same device capacity,compared with existing scheduling approaches.
文摘The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,including high construction costs,uncertain returns,and limited investment incentives.This study explores the factors influencing real estate developers’decisions to pursue Net Zero Carbon Buildings in Thailand,with a focus on physical,financial,and policy-related elements.Data collection was done with 388 respondents who are stakeholders,including developers,consultants,designers,and sustainability experts,through an online questionnaire,and analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis.The independent variables in the analytical model consist of three groups of factors:physical buildings,climate finance,and climate policy.The results indicate that physical building factors,including building age,engineering systems,and design;climate finance factors,such as project cost increases,financial returns,and investment incentives;and climate policy factors,including government policies,international climate agreements,and carbon taxes,significantly influence development decisions.Government policies,building engineering systems,and financial incentives were identified as key positive drivers for investment,while carbon taxes and energy efficiency-focused designs were found to potentially discourage investment due to higher costs.The study concludes that substantial government support such as tax incentives,grants,and low-interest financing is critical to fostering investment in Net Zero Carbon Buildings.Additionally,raising awareness among developers and the private sector about the long-term benefits of these projects is essential to strengthening investment incentives.
文摘In recent years,large high efficiency and Net-Zero Energy Buildings(NZEB)are becoming a reality that are setting construction and energy benchmarks for the industry.As part of this significant effort,in 2018,Mohawk College opened the 8,981 m^(2)(96,670 ft2)Joyce Centre for Partnership and Innovation(JCPI)building in Hamilton,Ontario;becoming Canada’s largest NZEB and zero-carbon institutional facility.The building integrated a high-efficiency design,construction materials,and technologies;as well as renewable energy technologies to significantly reduce its annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore,the JCPI building was also designed as a living lab where students,faculty,researchers and industry are able to monitor and validate the performance of this state-of-the-art facility.The building was designed to have an energy use intensity of 73 kWh/m^(2)·year(0.26 GJ/m^(2)·year);hence,potentially consuming approximately 80%less energy than the average educational service building in Ontario.This paper gives an overview of the design criteria and technologies that were considered to achieve this innova-tive building.
文摘Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.
