A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of m...A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.展开更多
The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,whi...The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,which included stringent data preprocessing,differential gene expression analysis,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,provided valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of HCC.The comprehensive analysis of a dataset involving 370 HCC patients uncovered correlations between survival status and pathological characteristics,including tumor size,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis.The processed transcriptome dataset,comprising 420 samples and annotating 26,783 genes,served as a robust platform for identifying differential gene expression patterns.Among the significant differential expression genes,the key genes such as FBXO43,HAGLROS,CRISPLD1,LRRC3.DT,and ERN2,were pinpointed,which showed significant associations with patient survival outcomes,indicating their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers.This study can not only enhance the understanding of HCC’s genetic landscape but also establish a blueprint for a standardized process to discover prognostic biomarkers of various diseases using genetic big data.Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers through independent cohorts and exploring their utility in the development of personalized treatment strategies.展开更多
The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Com...The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multipli...[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.展开更多
Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But th...Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved, such as unequal distribution of resources, imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand. There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to, which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology. Hence, it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards, but are in accordance with national condi- tions in China. Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe, a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection, transport and storage of the end products, terminology, denomination and classification of molding equipment, as well as with technical conditions, testing methods, safety and environmental protection. The establishment of a stan- dard system is useful for the development of a healthy, orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.展开更多
It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for F...It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for Food (hereinafter Plan). According to the demand of thePlan, there will be great changes among the current national standards and the professionalstandards for processing food, in which some standards will be integrated with others, somestandards will be cancelled, and some will be brought into the new standards system after the reviewof standards. The standards after being changed and the new national standards and the professionalstandards that need to be developed compose the new standards system for processing food.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application value of standardized nursing process of PICC in patients with tumor undergoing chemotherapy and catheterization. Methods: cases were selected from January 2019 to December 2020. ...Objective: to explore the application value of standardized nursing process of PICC in patients with tumor undergoing chemotherapy and catheterization. Methods: cases were selected from January 2019 to December 2020. Case type: PICC catheter for tumor chemotherapy;Total cases: 82;Grouping method: random envelope method;Group: reference group and observation group;Number of groups: 41;Nursing methods: routine nursing and standardized nursing process of PICC;Comparative items: nursing satisfaction, complications and phlebitis. Results: the nursing satisfaction of the observation group and the reference group was 97.56% and 8.48% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.1157). The incidence of complications in the observation group and the reference group was 7.32% and 24.39% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 4.4794). The incidence of phlebitis in the observation group (grade 0: 73.17%, grade 1-2: 24.39%, grade 3-4: 2.44%) was lower than that in the reference group (grade 0: 34.15%, grade 1-2: 48.78%, grade 3-4: 17.07%). there was a significant difference between the groups (χ2 = 12.5550, 5.2564, 4.9865), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the implementation of PICC standardized nursing process for tumor chemotherapy patients can improve the incidence of phlebitis and reduce complications. The nursing effect is significant, which is worthy of clinical reference.展开更多
Objective: to effectively improve the standardized emergency care procedures for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: Seventy-two patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction ...Objective: to effectively improve the standardized emergency care procedures for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: Seventy-two patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the main subjects of this study. They were divided into the control group/observation group. Among them, the control group received routine emergency care while the observation group received standardized emergency care procedures based on the routine emergency care measures, so as to compare the differences in the care procedures and patient care quality of the two patients during the emergency treatment. The difference was large, and the condition of the observation group was better. Finally, through the analysis of two groups of patients after treatment, and then investigate the family members and patients' satisfaction with care. The clinical results showed that the efficacy of 88.9% in the observation group was significantly superior to 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: through analyzing the different nursing procedures of patients in two groups, it was found that the standardized emergency nursing procedures shortened the basic treatment time of patients and improved the success rate of rescue, providing a larger space for the treatment of patients, and the families were also satisfied with it.展开更多
Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body,and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour.However,at present,there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu,whereas...Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body,and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour.However,at present,there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu,whereas the quality of tofu prepared by different peanut varieties is quite different.This study established an industrial feasible production process of peanut tofu and optimized the key process that regulates its quality.Compared with the existing method,the production time is reduced by 53.80%,therefore the daily production output is increased by 183.33%.The chemical properties of 26 peanut varieties and the quality characteristics of tofu prepared from these 26 varieties were determined.The peanut varieties were classified based on the quality characteristics of tofu using the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)method,out of which 7 varieties were screened out which were suitable for preparing peanut tofu.An evaluation standard was founded based on peanut tofu qualities.Six chemical trait indexes were correlated with peanut tofu qualities(P<0.05).A logistic regressive model was developed to predict suitable peanut varieties and this prediction model was verified.This study may help broaden the peanut protein utilization,and provide guidance for breeding experts to select certain varieties for product specific cultivation of peanut.展开更多
In the course of network supported collaborative design, the data processing plays a very vital role. Much effort has been spent in this area, and many kinds of approaches have been proposed. Based on the correlative ...In the course of network supported collaborative design, the data processing plays a very vital role. Much effort has been spent in this area, and many kinds of approaches have been proposed. Based on the correlative materials, this paper presents extensible markup language （XML） based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design, such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP） with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database. The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language （SQL） queries. Finally, the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.展开更多
Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM...Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) methods are based on the assumption that the process has only one nominal mode. When the process data contain different distributions, they may not function as well as in single mode processes. To address this issue, an improved partial least squares (IPLS) method was proposed for multimode process monitoring. By utilizing a novel local standardization strategy, the normal data in multiple modes could be centralized after being standardized and the fundamental assumption of partial least squares (PLS) could be valid again in multimode process. In this way, PLS method was extended to be suitable for not only single mode processes but also multimode processes. The efficiency of the proposed method was illustrated by comparing the monitoring results of PLS and IPLS in Tennessee Eastman(TE) process.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used t...[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,ex...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.展开更多
The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycle...The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.展开更多
In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countr...In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced.According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China,the relevant suggestions are discussed,thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China.展开更多
Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantit...Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.展开更多
Background: The incidence of cancer pain in patients with malignant tumors is relatively high, and pain control is poor, which is closely related to many factors, especially the nursing way. Objective: To explore the ...Background: The incidence of cancer pain in patients with malignant tumors is relatively high, and pain control is poor, which is closely related to many factors, especially the nursing way. Objective: To explore the effect of standardized nursing model on pain control in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: 50 patients with malignant tumors treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from January to December in 2021 were randomly divided into 25 cases in the control group and 25 cases in the observation group. The pain control and medication compliance of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no difference in the corresponding score of admission pain between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P P Conclusion: Standardized cancer pain nursing can ease the pain of patients, and the medication compliance is better.展开更多
With the continuous development of society, the content of accounting standards will change accordingly. In this context, relevant personnel should also pay attention to the impact of accounting standards on accountin...With the continuous development of society, the content of accounting standards will change accordingly. In this context, relevant personnel should also pay attention to the impact of accounting standards on accounting supervision at all times, so as to effectively promote the continuous innovation of the accounting supervision system, better adapt to the changes in the content of accounting standards, and promote the further development of enterprises. Based on this, this paper first describes the positive impact of the new accounting standards on accounting supervision, and then describes the negative impact of the reform of accounting standards on accounting supervision from four aspects, which can be used as a reference for relevant people.展开更多
According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the form...According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.展开更多
基金funded by Hasanuddin University,grant number 00309/UN4.22/PT.01.03/2024.
文摘A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.
基金the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project with the start-up funding from Linyi Vocational College。
文摘The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,which included stringent data preprocessing,differential gene expression analysis,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,provided valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of HCC.The comprehensive analysis of a dataset involving 370 HCC patients uncovered correlations between survival status and pathological characteristics,including tumor size,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis.The processed transcriptome dataset,comprising 420 samples and annotating 26,783 genes,served as a robust platform for identifying differential gene expression patterns.Among the significant differential expression genes,the key genes such as FBXO43,HAGLROS,CRISPLD1,LRRC3.DT,and ERN2,were pinpointed,which showed significant associations with patient survival outcomes,indicating their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers.This study can not only enhance the understanding of HCC’s genetic landscape but also establish a blueprint for a standardized process to discover prognostic biomarkers of various diseases using genetic big data.Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers through independent cohorts and exploring their utility in the development of personalized treatment strategies.
基金Supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and First-class Discipline Construction Project of Jiangxi Province(JXSYLXK-ZHYAO009,JXSYLXK-ZHYAO010)。
文摘The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.
基金Supported by Guangxi Key R&D Programme Project(GK AB21196057)National Old Pharmacist Inheritance Studio Construction Project.
文摘[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.
基金supported by the Forestry Industrial Standard:Forest Biomass Briquetting Densification Fuel(No.2010-LY-125)the General Technical Specification of Forest Biomass Briquetting Densification Fuel Stove(No.2010-LY-124)the National Featured Major Construction Project(No.TS10040)
文摘Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved, such as unequal distribution of resources, imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand. There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to, which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology. Hence, it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards, but are in accordance with national condi- tions in China. Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe, a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection, transport and storage of the end products, terminology, denomination and classification of molding equipment, as well as with technical conditions, testing methods, safety and environmental protection. The establishment of a stan- dard system is useful for the development of a healthy, orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.
文摘It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for Food (hereinafter Plan). According to the demand of thePlan, there will be great changes among the current national standards and the professionalstandards for processing food, in which some standards will be integrated with others, somestandards will be cancelled, and some will be brought into the new standards system after the reviewof standards. The standards after being changed and the new national standards and the professionalstandards that need to be developed compose the new standards system for processing food.
文摘Objective: to explore the application value of standardized nursing process of PICC in patients with tumor undergoing chemotherapy and catheterization. Methods: cases were selected from January 2019 to December 2020. Case type: PICC catheter for tumor chemotherapy;Total cases: 82;Grouping method: random envelope method;Group: reference group and observation group;Number of groups: 41;Nursing methods: routine nursing and standardized nursing process of PICC;Comparative items: nursing satisfaction, complications and phlebitis. Results: the nursing satisfaction of the observation group and the reference group was 97.56% and 8.48% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.1157). The incidence of complications in the observation group and the reference group was 7.32% and 24.39% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 4.4794). The incidence of phlebitis in the observation group (grade 0: 73.17%, grade 1-2: 24.39%, grade 3-4: 2.44%) was lower than that in the reference group (grade 0: 34.15%, grade 1-2: 48.78%, grade 3-4: 17.07%). there was a significant difference between the groups (χ2 = 12.5550, 5.2564, 4.9865), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the implementation of PICC standardized nursing process for tumor chemotherapy patients can improve the incidence of phlebitis and reduce complications. The nursing effect is significant, which is worthy of clinical reference.
文摘Objective: to effectively improve the standardized emergency care procedures for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: Seventy-two patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the main subjects of this study. They were divided into the control group/observation group. Among them, the control group received routine emergency care while the observation group received standardized emergency care procedures based on the routine emergency care measures, so as to compare the differences in the care procedures and patient care quality of the two patients during the emergency treatment. The difference was large, and the condition of the observation group was better. Finally, through the analysis of two groups of patients after treatment, and then investigate the family members and patients' satisfaction with care. The clinical results showed that the efficacy of 88.9% in the observation group was significantly superior to 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: through analyzing the different nursing procedures of patients in two groups, it was found that the standardized emergency nursing procedures shortened the basic treatment time of patients and improved the success rate of rescue, providing a larger space for the treatment of patients, and the families were also satisfied with it.
基金This study was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13-03A)the Corps Science and Technology Development Special Promotion Achievement Transformation Guidance Plan,Xinjiang,China(2018BCO12)the TaiShan Industrial Experts Programme,China(LJNY201711).
文摘Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body,and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour.However,at present,there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu,whereas the quality of tofu prepared by different peanut varieties is quite different.This study established an industrial feasible production process of peanut tofu and optimized the key process that regulates its quality.Compared with the existing method,the production time is reduced by 53.80%,therefore the daily production output is increased by 183.33%.The chemical properties of 26 peanut varieties and the quality characteristics of tofu prepared from these 26 varieties were determined.The peanut varieties were classified based on the quality characteristics of tofu using the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)method,out of which 7 varieties were screened out which were suitable for preparing peanut tofu.An evaluation standard was founded based on peanut tofu qualities.Six chemical trait indexes were correlated with peanut tofu qualities(P<0.05).A logistic regressive model was developed to predict suitable peanut varieties and this prediction model was verified.This study may help broaden the peanut protein utilization,and provide guidance for breeding experts to select certain varieties for product specific cultivation of peanut.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. AA420060)
文摘In the course of network supported collaborative design, the data processing plays a very vital role. Much effort has been spent in this area, and many kinds of approaches have been proposed. Based on the correlative materials, this paper presents extensible markup language （XML） based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design, such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP） with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database. The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language （SQL） queries. Finally, the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 61074079) Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China ( No.B504)
文摘Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) methods are based on the assumption that the process has only one nominal mode. When the process data contain different distributions, they may not function as well as in single mode processes. To address this issue, an improved partial least squares (IPLS) method was proposed for multimode process monitoring. By utilizing a novel local standardization strategy, the normal data in multiple modes could be centralized after being standardized and the fundamental assumption of partial least squares (PLS) could be valid again in multimode process. In this way, PLS method was extended to be suitable for not only single mode processes but also multimode processes. The efficiency of the proposed method was illustrated by comparing the monitoring results of PLS and IPLS in Tennessee Eastman(TE) process.
基金Supported by Project of Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau(ZKHT[2020]-18-4).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.
基金Supported by Self-financed Scientific Research Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GXZYZ20210290)The First Batch of High-level Talent Research Project of Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities in 2019(Y20196311)Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities in 2020(2020KY13034).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.
基金The authors are grateful for support from the National Social Science Fund of China(21AJL015).
文摘The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.
基金Supported by Preparation Project of Science Popularization Materials for Publicity and Education of Soil Environmental Protection,Ministry of Environmental Protection(H201606)
文摘In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced.According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China,the relevant suggestions are discussed,thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China.
文摘Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.
文摘Background: The incidence of cancer pain in patients with malignant tumors is relatively high, and pain control is poor, which is closely related to many factors, especially the nursing way. Objective: To explore the effect of standardized nursing model on pain control in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: 50 patients with malignant tumors treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from January to December in 2021 were randomly divided into 25 cases in the control group and 25 cases in the observation group. The pain control and medication compliance of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no difference in the corresponding score of admission pain between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P P Conclusion: Standardized cancer pain nursing can ease the pain of patients, and the medication compliance is better.
文摘With the continuous development of society, the content of accounting standards will change accordingly. In this context, relevant personnel should also pay attention to the impact of accounting standards on accounting supervision at all times, so as to effectively promote the continuous innovation of the accounting supervision system, better adapt to the changes in the content of accounting standards, and promote the further development of enterprises. Based on this, this paper first describes the positive impact of the new accounting standards on accounting supervision, and then describes the negative impact of the reform of accounting standards on accounting supervision from four aspects, which can be used as a reference for relevant people.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2023J2034).
文摘According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.
