Watermarking is a widely used solution to the problems of authentication and copyright protection of digital media especially for images,videos,and audio data.Chaos is one of the emerging techniques adopted in image w...Watermarking is a widely used solution to the problems of authentication and copyright protection of digital media especially for images,videos,and audio data.Chaos is one of the emerging techniques adopted in image watermarking schemes due to its intrinsic cryptographic properties.This paper proposes a new chaotic hybrid watermarking method combining Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT),Z-transform(ZT)and Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition(BSVD).The original image is decomposed into 3-level DWT,and then,ZT is applied on the HH3 and HL3 sub-bands.The watermark image is encrypted using Arnold Cat Map.BSVD for the watermark and transformed original image were computed,and the watermark was embedded by modifying singular values of the host image with the singular values of the watermark image.Robustness of the proposed scheme was examined using standard test images and assessed against common signal processing and geometric attacks.Experiments indicated that the proposed method is transparent and highly robust.展开更多
Present study emphasizes the applicability of linear theory concept onto hilly watersheds. For this purpose, Z-transform technique was used to derive the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) from the transfer function ...Present study emphasizes the applicability of linear theory concept onto hilly watersheds. For this purpose, Z-transform technique was used to derive the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) from the transfer function of autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) type linear difference equation. Parameters of the ARMA type rainfall-runoff process were estimated by least-squares method. The derived IUH from Z-transform (i.e. ARMA-IUH) has been used to compute the hydrologic response i.e. direct runoff hydrograph (DRH). Fur-ther, the superiority of the proposed approach has been tested by comparing the results through the results obtained from the Nash-IUH. Analyzing the results obtained from ARMA-IUH and Nash-IUH for the two hilly watersheds of North Western Himalayas shows the applicability of the linear theory concept even in turbulent flow conditions which are frequently encountered in hilly terrains under similar conditions of flow.展开更多
The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method. The direction of electromagnetic propagat...The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.展开更多
In this work,we develop a novel computational method,referred to as SCT-Z-FDTD,which integrates the Z-transform finite-difference time-domain algorithm with a scale-compressed technique incorporating wave vectors.The ...In this work,we develop a novel computational method,referred to as SCT-Z-FDTD,which integrates the Z-transform finite-difference time-domain algorithm with a scale-compressed technique incorporating wave vectors.The proposed approach fa-cilitates accurate modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation through multi-layered anisotropic media,enabling precise evalua-tion of reflection and refraction coefficients over short time intervals.On first place,considering constitutive relationship between electromagnetic fields(E,H)and fluxes(D,B),Z-transform is employed to the anisotropic Maxwell’s curl equations for completing discrete-time form,and then the transverse wave vectors are exploited along a single direction to design the electromagnetic numerical differential process.After that,with the analysis corresponding flow chart,the plane waves are employed with different modes such as transverse electromagnetic,transverse electric,and transverse magnetic to detect the specific propagation.To further verify lower memory and higher efficiency,we select various multi-layered examples with anisotropies for executing the proposed method.Compared with the popular commercial software COMSOL,those data from multi-layered computation are quite consistent with the approximate trend the 2nd-order error convergence.展开更多
To discuss the relationship between stability and bullwhip effect in the supply chain system,a basic model in a production-inventory control system is developed using difference equations.Z-transform techniques are ap...To discuss the relationship between stability and bullwhip effect in the supply chain system,a basic model in a production-inventory control system is developed using difference equations.Z-transform techniques are applied to investigate the production ordering and inventory dynamics.For the two operational regimes of sufficient inventory coverage and insufficient inventory coverage,the scope of decision parameters which make the system stable or instable is investigated.Under two operational regimes and the actual system,production release rates,stability/instability and bullwhip effect in the stable region and instable region are examined based on different demand functions,and then the numerical simulation results are given.The results show that reasonable choices of fractional adjustment of inventory and supply line can make the system stable and decrease bullwhip effect.It is summarized that the piecewise linearization based on the stability analysis approach is a valid approximation to the analysis of production-inventory ordering systems with nonlinearities.Some interesting results are obtained and they have important implications for improving inventory and order decisions in supply chain systems.展开更多
The paper deals with impulse switching function which are used as exciting functions of one- and multidimensional state-space models of power electronic converters. Obviously, these functions are harmonic but using po...The paper deals with impulse switching function which are used as exciting functions of one- and multidimensional state-space models of power electronic converters. Obviously, these functions are harmonic but using power converters they can be strongly non-harmonic, sometimes piecewise constants with zero spaces between them. Then, one deals with power series of time pulses. The impulse switching functions which are orthogonal ones can be derived from these series. The new impulse switching functions are created using Z-transform, inverse Z-transform and numerical series/sequences. The impulse switching functions created this way can be used for both steady- and transient state investigation of converters.展开更多
This paper deals with mathematical modelling of impulse waveforms and impulse switching functions used in electrical engineering. Impulse switching functions are later investigated using direct and inverse z-transform...This paper deals with mathematical modelling of impulse waveforms and impulse switching functions used in electrical engineering. Impulse switching functions are later investigated using direct and inverse z-transformation. The results make possible to present those functions as infinite series expressed in pure numerical, exponential or trigonometric forms. The main advantage of used approach is the possibility to calculate investigated variables directly in any instant of time;dynamic state can be solved with the step of sequences (T/6, T/12) that means very fast. Theoretically derived waveforms are compared with simulation worked-out results as well as results of circuit emulator LT spice which are given in the paper.展开更多
为获得准确的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,文章提出了基于插值线性调频Z变换(chirp Z transform,CZT)的间谐波分析方法。该方法通过CZT变换获得精确的等价于离散傅里叶变换结果的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,利用基于Rife-Vincent Ⅲ窗...为获得准确的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,文章提出了基于插值线性调频Z变换(chirp Z transform,CZT)的间谐波分析方法。该方法通过CZT变换获得精确的等价于离散傅里叶变换结果的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,利用基于Rife-Vincent Ⅲ窗的双谱线插值修正公式修正上述估计结果,得到了较精确的各次谐波和间谐波参数。仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,与现有方法的比较结果表明,相同采样频率下该方法的检测精度更高。展开更多
文摘Watermarking is a widely used solution to the problems of authentication and copyright protection of digital media especially for images,videos,and audio data.Chaos is one of the emerging techniques adopted in image watermarking schemes due to its intrinsic cryptographic properties.This paper proposes a new chaotic hybrid watermarking method combining Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT),Z-transform(ZT)and Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition(BSVD).The original image is decomposed into 3-level DWT,and then,ZT is applied on the HH3 and HL3 sub-bands.The watermark image is encrypted using Arnold Cat Map.BSVD for the watermark and transformed original image were computed,and the watermark was embedded by modifying singular values of the host image with the singular values of the watermark image.Robustness of the proposed scheme was examined using standard test images and assessed against common signal processing and geometric attacks.Experiments indicated that the proposed method is transparent and highly robust.
文摘Present study emphasizes the applicability of linear theory concept onto hilly watersheds. For this purpose, Z-transform technique was used to derive the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) from the transfer function of autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) type linear difference equation. Parameters of the ARMA type rainfall-runoff process were estimated by least-squares method. The derived IUH from Z-transform (i.e. ARMA-IUH) has been used to compute the hydrologic response i.e. direct runoff hydrograph (DRH). Fur-ther, the superiority of the proposed approach has been tested by comparing the results through the results obtained from the Nash-IUH. Analyzing the results obtained from ARMA-IUH and Nash-IUH for the two hilly watersheds of North Western Himalayas shows the applicability of the linear theory concept even in turbulent flow conditions which are frequently encountered in hilly terrains under similar conditions of flow.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10375071 and No.60271027)Foundation of Key Lab of Electromagnetic Environment (No.51486020203 ZK1301)
文摘The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62101333)the Program for Excellent Scientific and Innovation Research Team(Grant No.2022AH010002)the 2024 Anhui Province University Science and Engineering Teachers’Internship Program in Enterprises(Grant No.2024jsqygz02).
文摘In this work,we develop a novel computational method,referred to as SCT-Z-FDTD,which integrates the Z-transform finite-difference time-domain algorithm with a scale-compressed technique incorporating wave vectors.The proposed approach fa-cilitates accurate modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation through multi-layered anisotropic media,enabling precise evalua-tion of reflection and refraction coefficients over short time intervals.On first place,considering constitutive relationship between electromagnetic fields(E,H)and fluxes(D,B),Z-transform is employed to the anisotropic Maxwell’s curl equations for completing discrete-time form,and then the transverse wave vectors are exploited along a single direction to design the electromagnetic numerical differential process.After that,with the analysis corresponding flow chart,the plane waves are employed with different modes such as transverse electromagnetic,transverse electric,and transverse magnetic to detect the specific propagation.To further verify lower memory and higher efficiency,we select various multi-layered examples with anisotropies for executing the proposed method.Compared with the popular commercial software COMSOL,those data from multi-layered computation are quite consistent with the approximate trend the 2nd-order error convergence.
文摘To discuss the relationship between stability and bullwhip effect in the supply chain system,a basic model in a production-inventory control system is developed using difference equations.Z-transform techniques are applied to investigate the production ordering and inventory dynamics.For the two operational regimes of sufficient inventory coverage and insufficient inventory coverage,the scope of decision parameters which make the system stable or instable is investigated.Under two operational regimes and the actual system,production release rates,stability/instability and bullwhip effect in the stable region and instable region are examined based on different demand functions,and then the numerical simulation results are given.The results show that reasonable choices of fractional adjustment of inventory and supply line can make the system stable and decrease bullwhip effect.It is summarized that the piecewise linearization based on the stability analysis approach is a valid approximation to the analysis of production-inventory ordering systems with nonlinearities.Some interesting results are obtained and they have important implications for improving inventory and order decisions in supply chain systems.
文摘The paper deals with impulse switching function which are used as exciting functions of one- and multidimensional state-space models of power electronic converters. Obviously, these functions are harmonic but using power converters they can be strongly non-harmonic, sometimes piecewise constants with zero spaces between them. Then, one deals with power series of time pulses. The impulse switching functions which are orthogonal ones can be derived from these series. The new impulse switching functions are created using Z-transform, inverse Z-transform and numerical series/sequences. The impulse switching functions created this way can be used for both steady- and transient state investigation of converters.
文摘This paper deals with mathematical modelling of impulse waveforms and impulse switching functions used in electrical engineering. Impulse switching functions are later investigated using direct and inverse z-transformation. The results make possible to present those functions as infinite series expressed in pure numerical, exponential or trigonometric forms. The main advantage of used approach is the possibility to calculate investigated variables directly in any instant of time;dynamic state can be solved with the step of sequences (T/6, T/12) that means very fast. Theoretically derived waveforms are compared with simulation worked-out results as well as results of circuit emulator LT spice which are given in the paper.
文摘为获得准确的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,文章提出了基于插值线性调频Z变换(chirp Z transform,CZT)的间谐波分析方法。该方法通过CZT变换获得精确的等价于离散傅里叶变换结果的间谐波信号的频率分布估计值,利用基于Rife-Vincent Ⅲ窗的双谱线插值修正公式修正上述估计结果,得到了较精确的各次谐波和间谐波参数。仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,与现有方法的比较结果表明,相同采样频率下该方法的检测精度更高。
