Yutu is the first lunar rover after the Apollo program and Luna missions. One of the payloads on the Yutu rover, the Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS）, has acquired four VIS/NIR images and SWIR s...Yutu is the first lunar rover after the Apollo program and Luna missions. One of the payloads on the Yutu rover, the Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS）, has acquired four VIS/NIR images and SWIR spectra near its landing site in Mare Imbrium. The radiance images were reduced through repairing bad lines and bad points, and applying flat field correction, and then were converted into reflectance values based on the solar irradiance and angles of incidence. A significant shadow effect was observed in the VIS/NIR image. The shadowed regions show lower reflectance with a darkening trend compared with illuminated regions. The re- flectance increased by up to 24% for entire images and 17% for the VIS/NIR-SWlR overlapping regions after shadow correction. The correction for the shadow effect will remarkably decrease the estimate of FeO content, by up to 4.9 wt.% in this study. The derived FeO contents of CD-005-008 after shadow correction are around 18.0 wt.%.展开更多
In the day time of the Moon surface, the strong illumination from high altitude and high albedo rate radical craters will introduce the illumination effect on observing the nearby low altitude, low albedo rate and sha...In the day time of the Moon surface, the strong illumination from high altitude and high albedo rate radical craters will introduce the illumination effect on observing the nearby low altitude, low albedo rate and shallow small slop rate area seriously, and even can 'hide' the later area from the light. Based on the lunar global topography model obtained by Chang’E-1 mission, and by comparing with the lunar gravity model, a volcano named 'YUTU Mountain' has been identified. It is a volcano with diameter of ~300 km and height of ~2 km located at (14°N, 308°E) in Oceanus Procellarum. Besides, the DEM of another volcano named 'GUISHU Mountain' in the same area has been improved. This new discovery will benefit the study of lunar magmatism and volcanism evolution in the nearside of the Moon.展开更多
CE-3号探测器于2013年12月14日成功着陆于月表虹湾区,在预期1年的生存期内,着陆器能够相干转发下行X波段信号。基于这些信号,地面测控天线以及VLBI(very long baseline interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)天线能够进行距离、速度、载波...CE-3号探测器于2013年12月14日成功着陆于月表虹湾区,在预期1年的生存期内,着陆器能够相干转发下行X波段信号。基于这些信号,地面测控天线以及VLBI(very long baseline interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)天线能够进行距离、速度、载波相位、VLBI时延以及时延率的测量。传统的激光测月技术只能提供距离测量信息,无线电测月技术能够同时提供更丰富的观测量类型,有可能获取优于激光测月技术的科学成果。为了分析LRM(lunar radio measurement,无线电测月)可能的贡献,MEKAS(Moon Earth kinematical analysis software)软件用于支撑无线电测月的数据分析处理,其能够模拟全部观测量类型,具备协方差分析以及CE-3着陆器定位、测站坐标解算等功能。模拟分析表明无线电测月技术在地月球科学方面具有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
This paper presents the comprehensive results of landing site topographic mapping and rover localization in Chang’e-3 mission.High-precision topographic products of the landing site with extremely high resolutions(up...This paper presents the comprehensive results of landing site topographic mapping and rover localization in Chang’e-3 mission.High-precision topographic products of the landing site with extremely high resolutions(up to 0.05 m)were generated from descent images and registered to CE-2 DOM.Local DEM and DOM with 0.02 m resolution were produced routinely at each waypoint along the rover traverse.The lander location was determined to be(19.51256°W,44.11884°N,-2615.451 m)using a method of DOM matching.In order to reduce error accumulation caused by wheel slippage and IMU drift in dead reckoning,cross-site visual localization and DOM matching localization methods were developed to localize the rover at waypoints;the overall traveled distance from the lander is 114.8 m from cross-site visual localization and 111.2 m from DOM matching localization.The latter is of highest accuracy and has been verified using a LRO NAC image where the rover trajeactory is directly identifiable.During CE-3 mission operations,landing site mapping and rover localization products including DEMs and DOMs,traverse maps,vertical traverse profiles were generated timely to support teleoperation tasks such as obstacle avoidance and rover path planning.展开更多
We present topographic, geomorphologic and compositional characteristics of a l°×l° （-660 km2） region centered near the landing site of Chang＇E-3 using the highest spatial resolution data available. ...We present topographic, geomorphologic and compositional characteristics of a l°×l° （-660 km2） region centered near the landing site of Chang＇E-3 using the highest spatial resolution data available. We analyze the topography and slope using Digi- tal Terrain Model （DTM） generated from Terrain Camera （TC） images. The exploration region is overall relatively flat and the elevation difference is less than 300 m, and the slopes of 80% area are less than 5~. Impact craters in the exploration region are classified into four types based on their degradation states. We investigate the wrinkle ridges visible in the exploration region in detail using TC and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter （LRO） Narrow Angle Camera （NAC） images. We calculate FeO and TiO2 abundances using Multispectral Imager （MI） data, and confirm two basaltic units： the northern part belongs to Imbrian low-Ti/very-low-Ti mare basalts, and the southern part is Eratosthenian low-Ti/high-Ti mare basalts. Finally, we produce a ge- ological map and propose the geologic evolution of the exploration region. We also suggest several rover traverses to explore interesting targets and maximize the potential scientific output.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41103031)
文摘Yutu is the first lunar rover after the Apollo program and Luna missions. One of the payloads on the Yutu rover, the Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS）, has acquired four VIS/NIR images and SWIR spectra near its landing site in Mare Imbrium. The radiance images were reduced through repairing bad lines and bad points, and applying flat field correction, and then were converted into reflectance values based on the solar irradiance and angles of incidence. A significant shadow effect was observed in the VIS/NIR image. The shadowed regions show lower reflectance with a darkening trend compared with illuminated regions. The re- flectance increased by up to 24% for entire images and 17% for the VIS/NIR-SWlR overlapping regions after shadow correction. The correction for the shadow effect will remarkably decrease the estimate of FeO content, by up to 4.9 wt.% in this study. The derived FeO contents of CD-005-008 after shadow correction are around 18.0 wt.%.
基金Supported by the "Hundred Talent" Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Navi-gation Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Flying Dynamics of BACC, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10973031)National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2008AA12A209, 2008AA12A210)
文摘In the day time of the Moon surface, the strong illumination from high altitude and high albedo rate radical craters will introduce the illumination effect on observing the nearby low altitude, low albedo rate and shallow small slop rate area seriously, and even can 'hide' the later area from the light. Based on the lunar global topography model obtained by Chang’E-1 mission, and by comparing with the lunar gravity model, a volcano named 'YUTU Mountain' has been identified. It is a volcano with diameter of ~300 km and height of ~2 km located at (14°N, 308°E) in Oceanus Procellarum. Besides, the DEM of another volcano named 'GUISHU Mountain' in the same area has been improved. This new discovery will benefit the study of lunar magmatism and volcanism evolution in the nearside of the Moon.
文摘CE-3号探测器于2013年12月14日成功着陆于月表虹湾区,在预期1年的生存期内,着陆器能够相干转发下行X波段信号。基于这些信号,地面测控天线以及VLBI(very long baseline interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)天线能够进行距离、速度、载波相位、VLBI时延以及时延率的测量。传统的激光测月技术只能提供距离测量信息,无线电测月技术能够同时提供更丰富的观测量类型,有可能获取优于激光测月技术的科学成果。为了分析LRM(lunar radio measurement,无线电测月)可能的贡献,MEKAS(Moon Earth kinematical analysis software)软件用于支撑无线电测月的数据分析处理,其能够模拟全部观测量类型,具备协方差分析以及CE-3着陆器定位、测站坐标解算等功能。模拟分析表明无线电测月技术在地月球科学方面具有广阔的应用前景。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41201480,41171355 and 41301528)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGZD-EW-603)
文摘This paper presents the comprehensive results of landing site topographic mapping and rover localization in Chang’e-3 mission.High-precision topographic products of the landing site with extremely high resolutions(up to 0.05 m)were generated from descent images and registered to CE-2 DOM.Local DEM and DOM with 0.02 m resolution were produced routinely at each waypoint along the rover traverse.The lander location was determined to be(19.51256°W,44.11884°N,-2615.451 m)using a method of DOM matching.In order to reduce error accumulation caused by wheel slippage and IMU drift in dead reckoning,cross-site visual localization and DOM matching localization methods were developed to localize the rover at waypoints;the overall traveled distance from the lander is 114.8 m from cross-site visual localization and 111.2 m from DOM matching localization.The latter is of highest accuracy and has been verified using a LRO NAC image where the rover trajeactory is directly identifiable.During CE-3 mission operations,landing site mapping and rover localization products including DEMs and DOMs,traverse maps,vertical traverse profiles were generated timely to support teleoperation tasks such as obstacle avoidance and rover path planning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41373066)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGZD-EW-603)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDP)(Grant No.20130145130001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M540614)
文摘We present topographic, geomorphologic and compositional characteristics of a l°×l° （-660 km2） region centered near the landing site of Chang＇E-3 using the highest spatial resolution data available. We analyze the topography and slope using Digi- tal Terrain Model （DTM） generated from Terrain Camera （TC） images. The exploration region is overall relatively flat and the elevation difference is less than 300 m, and the slopes of 80% area are less than 5~. Impact craters in the exploration region are classified into four types based on their degradation states. We investigate the wrinkle ridges visible in the exploration region in detail using TC and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter （LRO） Narrow Angle Camera （NAC） images. We calculate FeO and TiO2 abundances using Multispectral Imager （MI） data, and confirm two basaltic units： the northern part belongs to Imbrian low-Ti/very-low-Ti mare basalts, and the southern part is Eratosthenian low-Ti/high-Ti mare basalts. Finally, we produce a ge- ological map and propose the geologic evolution of the exploration region. We also suggest several rover traverses to explore interesting targets and maximize the potential scientific output.
