Mt. Yulong, located in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau, is the southmost present glaciation area both in China and Europe\|Asia continent,where distributes 19 typical sub\|tropics temperate glaciers. In the summer...Mt. Yulong, located in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau, is the southmost present glaciation area both in China and Europe\|Asia continent,where distributes 19 typical sub\|tropics temperate glaciers. In the summer of 1999, a firn core, 10 10m long to the glacier ice, was successfully recovered in the accumulation area at the largest glacier (No.1 Baishui) on Mt. Yulong. Annual and seasonal variations of different climatic signals above the depth of 7 8m are apparent and five\|year snow accumulation can be clearly identified by the seasonal changes of isotopic and ionic composition, some higher values of electrical conductivity and pH values. These annual boundaries can be also verified by the positions of dirty refrozen ice layers at summer surface of each year. The mean annual net accumulation between the balance years of 94/95 and 97/98 are calculated to about 900mm water equivalent. The amplitude of isotopic changes becomes smaller with the increasing depth of the core and isotopic homogenization occurred below the depth of 7 8m. Concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are much higher than those of Na + and K +, reflecting that the air masses for precipitation came far from their marine sources and passed over a longer continental route. Cl - and Na + show well corresponding variation patterns in the firn profile,indicating their same genesis. Concentrations of SO 2- 4 and NO - 3 are low, reflecting very slight pollution caused by human activities in this area. According to the sum of net income recovered from the firn core and the estimated ablation amount, the average annual precipitation above the equilibrium line is estimated in the scope of 2250mm and 3200mm but it needed to be verified by long\|term observation of mass balance. As indicated by the trend of local climatic changes in last 50years, climatic signals in the firn core and recent observation at the terminal of glacier No.1 Baishui, the glaciers in Mt. Yulong start to advance in 1998 after continuous retreat from early 1980’s to late 1990’s.展开更多
笔者近年整理并翻译与古代于阗有关的藏文文献,其中包括伯希和(P.Pel l i ot)于敦煌藏经洞发现的藏文文书P.t.960《于阗教法史》(Li yul chos kyi l o rgyus)。这份文书内容丰富繁杂,包括于阗建国传说、于阗的守护神名号、于阗的菩萨名...笔者近年整理并翻译与古代于阗有关的藏文文献,其中包括伯希和(P.Pel l i ot)于敦煌藏经洞发现的藏文文书P.t.960《于阗教法史》(Li yul chos kyi l o rgyus)。这份文书内容丰富繁杂,包括于阗建国传说、于阗的守护神名号、于阗的菩萨名号、于阗的著名佛寺、于阗佛法灭没经过,等等。笔者的工作主要是在前辈研究的基础上,根据IDP提供的彩色图版对文书重新做转写,同时利用这些年学界在相关领域的学术成果,在每段转写之后附以汉文翻译和详细的词汇注释。本文是这份文书的译注之三,包括于阗的八大守护神、于阗的八大菩萨、于阗的灵验伽蓝以及于阗二部僧伽持见之情况等。展开更多
文摘Mt. Yulong, located in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau, is the southmost present glaciation area both in China and Europe\|Asia continent,where distributes 19 typical sub\|tropics temperate glaciers. In the summer of 1999, a firn core, 10 10m long to the glacier ice, was successfully recovered in the accumulation area at the largest glacier (No.1 Baishui) on Mt. Yulong. Annual and seasonal variations of different climatic signals above the depth of 7 8m are apparent and five\|year snow accumulation can be clearly identified by the seasonal changes of isotopic and ionic composition, some higher values of electrical conductivity and pH values. These annual boundaries can be also verified by the positions of dirty refrozen ice layers at summer surface of each year. The mean annual net accumulation between the balance years of 94/95 and 97/98 are calculated to about 900mm water equivalent. The amplitude of isotopic changes becomes smaller with the increasing depth of the core and isotopic homogenization occurred below the depth of 7 8m. Concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are much higher than those of Na + and K +, reflecting that the air masses for precipitation came far from their marine sources and passed over a longer continental route. Cl - and Na + show well corresponding variation patterns in the firn profile,indicating their same genesis. Concentrations of SO 2- 4 and NO - 3 are low, reflecting very slight pollution caused by human activities in this area. According to the sum of net income recovered from the firn core and the estimated ablation amount, the average annual precipitation above the equilibrium line is estimated in the scope of 2250mm and 3200mm but it needed to be verified by long\|term observation of mass balance. As indicated by the trend of local climatic changes in last 50years, climatic signals in the firn core and recent observation at the terminal of glacier No.1 Baishui, the glaciers in Mt. Yulong start to advance in 1998 after continuous retreat from early 1980’s to late 1990’s.
文摘笔者近年整理并翻译与古代于阗有关的藏文文献,其中包括伯希和(P.Pel l i ot)于敦煌藏经洞发现的藏文文书P.t.960《于阗教法史》(Li yul chos kyi l o rgyus)。这份文书内容丰富繁杂,包括于阗建国传说、于阗的守护神名号、于阗的菩萨名号、于阗的著名佛寺、于阗佛法灭没经过,等等。笔者的工作主要是在前辈研究的基础上,根据IDP提供的彩色图版对文书重新做转写,同时利用这些年学界在相关领域的学术成果,在每段转写之后附以汉文翻译和详细的词汇注释。本文是这份文书的译注之三,包括于阗的八大守护神、于阗的八大菩萨、于阗的灵验伽蓝以及于阗二部僧伽持见之情况等。
