The tourism resource characteristics of Yinhe karst cave in Tiangui mountain were discussed and the formation term and mechanism of every outstanding sight in the cave were discussed.In the process of empoldering the ...The tourism resource characteristics of Yinhe karst cave in Tiangui mountain were discussed and the formation term and mechanism of every outstanding sight in the cave were discussed.In the process of empoldering the tourism resource in Tiangui Mountain,the humanities and geoscience tourist resources should be conformed and the variety of travel models were established,such as the sightseeing travel,special features travel,scientific knowledge travel,and so on.展开更多
Compared with traditional microwave humidity sounding capabilities at 183 GHz,new channels at 118 GHz have been mounted on the second generation of the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS-2)onboard the Chinese FY-3C and F...Compared with traditional microwave humidity sounding capabilities at 183 GHz,new channels at 118 GHz have been mounted on the second generation of the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS-2)onboard the Chinese FY-3C and FY-3D polar orbit meteorological satellites,which helps to perform moisture sounding.In this study,as the allsky approach can manage non-linear and non-Gaussian behavior in cloud-and precipitation-affected satellite radiances,the MWHS-2 radiances in all-sky conditions were first assimilated in the Yinhe four-dimensional variational data assimilation(YH4DVAR)system.The data quality from MWHS-2 was evaluated based on observation minus background statistics.It is found that the MWHS-2 data of both FY-3C and FY-3D are of good quality in general.Six months of MWHS-2 radiances in all-sky conditions were then assimilated in the YH4DVAR system.Based on the forecast scores and observation fits,we conclude that the all-sky assimilation of the MWHS-2 at 118-and 183-GHz channels on FY-3C/D is beneficial to the analysis and forecast fields of the temperature and humidity,and the impact on the forecast skill scores is neutral to positive.Additionally,we compared the impacts of assimilating the 118-GHz channels and the equivalent Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSUA)channels on global forecast accuracy in the absence of other satellite observations.Overall,the impact of the 118-GHz channels on the forecast accuracy is not as large as that for the equivalent AMSUA channels.Nevertheless,all-sky radiance assimilation of MWHS-2 in the YH4DVAR system has indeed benefited from the 118-GHz channels.展开更多
Numerical weather prediction(NWP)is the core technology for weather forecast and disaster prevention and mitigation.The research and operational applications of NWP have always been highly valued in China,and have ach...Numerical weather prediction(NWP)is the core technology for weather forecast and disaster prevention and mitigation.The research and operational applications of NWP have always been highly valued in China,and have achieved great progress with an appreciable international influence in the theories,algorithms,and operational system developments.This paper first summarizes the scientific and technological evolution of NWP in China,and then focuses on the current status and recent updates of the two homemade global NWP systems:GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)and YHGSM(YinHe Global Spectral Model).(1)GRAPES possesses both deterministic and ensemble forecast systems,with global(regional)model versions running on 12-50-km(3-10-km)resolutions.Significant improvements have been made on its dynamic core,four-dimensional variational(4D-Var)assimilation,satellite and radar data assimilation,ensemble forecast,and cloud microphysics schemes,and so on.It is capable to perform subseasonal to seasonal forecast and has incorporated an atmospheric chemistry model,typhoon numerical forecast model,and ocean wave model.(2)YHGSM continues to follow the development route of spectral models,featured prominently with a dry-mass conserved spectral dynamical core,ensemble 4D-Var assimilation,coupled ocean-land-atmosphere ensemble forecast,and the medium-term and monthly-extended global high-resolution forecast as the baseline.These NWP systems autonomouly developed by the China Meteorological Administration and the national defense insitution benefit from long-term adherence to the national science and technology development strategies and close research to operation practices.展开更多
文摘The tourism resource characteristics of Yinhe karst cave in Tiangui mountain were discussed and the formation term and mechanism of every outstanding sight in the cave were discussed.In the process of empoldering the tourism resource in Tiangui Mountain,the humanities and geoscience tourist resources should be conformed and the variety of travel models were established,such as the sightseeing travel,special features travel,scientific knowledge travel,and so on.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1506704)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41705007)。
文摘Compared with traditional microwave humidity sounding capabilities at 183 GHz,new channels at 118 GHz have been mounted on the second generation of the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS-2)onboard the Chinese FY-3C and FY-3D polar orbit meteorological satellites,which helps to perform moisture sounding.In this study,as the allsky approach can manage non-linear and non-Gaussian behavior in cloud-and precipitation-affected satellite radiances,the MWHS-2 radiances in all-sky conditions were first assimilated in the Yinhe four-dimensional variational data assimilation(YH4DVAR)system.The data quality from MWHS-2 was evaluated based on observation minus background statistics.It is found that the MWHS-2 data of both FY-3C and FY-3D are of good quality in general.Six months of MWHS-2 radiances in all-sky conditions were then assimilated in the YH4DVAR system.Based on the forecast scores and observation fits,we conclude that the all-sky assimilation of the MWHS-2 at 118-and 183-GHz channels on FY-3C/D is beneficial to the analysis and forecast fields of the temperature and humidity,and the impact on the forecast skill scores is neutral to positive.Additionally,we compared the impacts of assimilating the 118-GHz channels and the equivalent Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSUA)channels on global forecast accuracy in the absence of other satellite observations.Overall,the impact of the 118-GHz channels on the forecast accuracy is not as large as that for the equivalent AMSUA channels.Nevertheless,all-sky radiance assimilation of MWHS-2 in the YH4DVAR system has indeed benefited from the 118-GHz channels.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3101500).
文摘Numerical weather prediction(NWP)is the core technology for weather forecast and disaster prevention and mitigation.The research and operational applications of NWP have always been highly valued in China,and have achieved great progress with an appreciable international influence in the theories,algorithms,and operational system developments.This paper first summarizes the scientific and technological evolution of NWP in China,and then focuses on the current status and recent updates of the two homemade global NWP systems:GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)and YHGSM(YinHe Global Spectral Model).(1)GRAPES possesses both deterministic and ensemble forecast systems,with global(regional)model versions running on 12-50-km(3-10-km)resolutions.Significant improvements have been made on its dynamic core,four-dimensional variational(4D-Var)assimilation,satellite and radar data assimilation,ensemble forecast,and cloud microphysics schemes,and so on.It is capable to perform subseasonal to seasonal forecast and has incorporated an atmospheric chemistry model,typhoon numerical forecast model,and ocean wave model.(2)YHGSM continues to follow the development route of spectral models,featured prominently with a dry-mass conserved spectral dynamical core,ensemble 4D-Var assimilation,coupled ocean-land-atmosphere ensemble forecast,and the medium-term and monthly-extended global high-resolution forecast as the baseline.These NWP systems autonomouly developed by the China Meteorological Administration and the national defense insitution benefit from long-term adherence to the national science and technology development strategies and close research to operation practices.
