[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South A...[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South Anhui Province. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted. The agronomic traits, yield and output value, as well as appearance quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated. [Re- suit] The soil amendments composed of biochars and inorganic mineral materials could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, as well as proportion of first-grade tobacco leaves at the middle and late growth period. The yield in the X3 treatment group （70% T20 ＋ 30% ZC） was highest, and it was higher than that in the control group by 398 kg/hm2. Com- pared with that in the control group, the output of flue-cured tobacco in the X3 treatment group was increased by 10 290 yuan/hm2. In terms of appearance quality and flavor, the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the soil amendment treatment groups were all better than those in the control group. [Conclusion] The application of soil amendment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material is an effective mea- sure to improve tobacco-growing soil, promote tobacco growth and development, im- prove tobacco yield and output and improve tobacco leaf quality in South Anhui re- gion.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of tobacco blown spot on the yield and output value of tobacco leaf.[Method]The upper,middle and lower leaves in tobacco plant were selected during the harvest period of t...[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of tobacco blown spot on the yield and output value of tobacco leaf.[Method]The upper,middle and lower leaves in tobacco plant were selected during the harvest period of tobacco to carry out loss rate estimation of yield and output value of tobacco leaf caused by different disease levels of brown spot.Regression correlation analysis was also conducted.[Result]The disease levels of brown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with single leaf weight of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of single leaf weight.The increase speed of loss rate of single leaf weight of middle and upper leaves was obviously faster than that of lower leaves.The loss rates of single leaf weight of upper,middle and lower leaves were 3.18%-28.95%,3.43%-28.88% and 10.07%-26.90%,respectively.The higher the disease level of blown spot was,the lower the yield and output value of tobacco leaf was,and the corresponding loss rate was also higher.Correlation analysis showed that the disease level of blown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with the yield and output value of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of yield and output value.The negative impact of blown spot on the output value of tobacco leaf was far greater than that on the yield.The highest loss rate of the yield of tobacco leaf was 28.56%,while the highest loss rate of output value reached 89.67%.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for accurately holding the critical period for the control of blown spot,thus reducing the damage on tobacco leaf and improving the output value of tobacco leaf.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different biochar dosages and trpes on growth, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in Hanzhong. [Methods] In May-September of 2013, Xiaonanhai Town, Na...[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different biochar dosages and trpes on growth, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in Hanzhong. [Methods] In May-September of 2013, Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County, Hanzhong City, a field experiment was carded out to study the effects of- biochardosage and type on tobacco agronomic traits, yield and output value in each growth period. [Results] Biochar application significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and leaf size in the early growth pedod, and raised tobacco yield, output value and the proportion of high grade leaf： With the increase of biochar dosage, tobacco agronom~ traits were significantly improved, and yield, output value and proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves also increased significantly, and the highest tobacco yield and output value occurred at the dosage of 900 kg/hm2. Agronomic traits of tobacco leaves with the application of rice husk char and wheat straw char were significantly better than those with the application of peanut shell char, appli- cation of rice husk char was more conducive to the development of leaves in the vigorous pedod and stems in the squaring period, but straw char was beneficial to improvement of plant height and leaf number in the vigorous period and leaf growth in the squaring period, and application of rice husk char had the best effect on the increases of yield and output value of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] Application of biochar is an effective measure forimproving tobacco-planting soil and promoting the growth and development of tobacco in Hanzhong, biochar application amount should be controlled at about 600-900 kg/hm2, and rice husk char is the preferred choice as soil improvement material.展开更多
To analyze the efficiency of the agro-ecosystem of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province,this paper adopted the emergy theory to study the agricultural output of this region during 2001 to 2010.The results showed that the va...To analyze the efficiency of the agro-ecosystem of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province,this paper adopted the emergy theory to study the agricultural output of this region during 2001 to 2010.The results showed that the value of regional agricultural emergy output increased by44.68%to(6.50 E)sej,but lower than the growth of non-agricultural industry output.Compared with 2001,the emergy output of planting industry was(4.10E)sej in 2010 which occupied 63.09%of the total agricultural emergy output and got an increase of 2.93 percentage points,while the emergy output of stock farming got a decrease of 2.87 percentage points.The growth of fishery emergy output was not in conformity with the characteristics of Dongting Rim in Hunan.From the contrast between emergy output and economic output,we could find that the economic return ratio of planting industry and fishery industry were lower than those of forestry industry and stock farming industry,which indicated that it is necessary to improve the economic benefits of planting industry and fishery industry which were the traditional industries with advantages of the Dongting Rim in Hunan.展开更多
Rice yields and nitrogen use efficiencies were studied at five sites in southwest China using two nitrogen fertilization rates and five controlled-release urea（ CRU） to ordinary urea（ U） ratios. The fertilizer tre...Rice yields and nitrogen use efficiencies were studied at five sites in southwest China using two nitrogen fertilization rates and five controlled-release urea（ CRU） to ordinary urea（ U） ratios. The fertilizer treatments significantly increased rice yields compared with the control（ no nitrogen added） yields to different degrees at different sites. Applying CRU and U increased the rice yield more than adding the same amount of nitrogen as U only. Higher increasing production rate were found using a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm2 than 150 kg/hm2. A 70∶ 30 CRU∶ U ratio increased the yield more than other four ratios. Nitrogen use efficiency was 21. 9% higher using a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm^2 than 150 kg/hm^2,and 46. 6%,38. 1%,34. 7%,and 22. 2% higher than when only U was applied when CRU∶ U ratios of 70 ∶ 30,50 ∶ 50,100 ∶ 0,and 30 ∶ 70,respectively,were used. A 70 ∶ 30 CRU ∶ U ratio gave the highest economic output（ yuan/hm^2）. Applying both CRU and U gave an output 3 078. 87 yuan/hm^2 higher at a nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm^2 than at a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm^2. Economic output was always higher using both CRU and U than using U only. The highest economic output was given using a 70∶ 30 CRU∶ U ratio.Increasing the amount of nitrogen added decreased the output efficiency（ per hm2） because CRU is expensive. Significant relationships were found between the yield increase rate and the proportion of CRU added（ regression equation y = 7. 429 x-185. 7,R^2= 0. 663） and between the total rainfall over the whole growth period and the proportion of CRU added（ y =-0. 087 1 x ＋ 112. 29,R^2= 0. 687 9）. These regression equations can be used to determine the appropriate proportion of CRU that should be added at a site,depending on the rainfall and target rice yield.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Shanghai and Anhui Modern Tobacco Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Park(CF56.1-ZJ1)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South Anhui Province. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted. The agronomic traits, yield and output value, as well as appearance quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated. [Re- suit] The soil amendments composed of biochars and inorganic mineral materials could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, as well as proportion of first-grade tobacco leaves at the middle and late growth period. The yield in the X3 treatment group （70% T20 ＋ 30% ZC） was highest, and it was higher than that in the control group by 398 kg/hm2. Com- pared with that in the control group, the output of flue-cured tobacco in the X3 treatment group was increased by 10 290 yuan/hm2. In terms of appearance quality and flavor, the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the soil amendment treatment groups were all better than those in the control group. [Conclusion] The application of soil amendment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material is an effective mea- sure to improve tobacco-growing soil, promote tobacco growth and development, im- prove tobacco yield and output and improve tobacco leaf quality in South Anhui re- gion.
基金Supported by State Tobacco Monopoly Administration Project "National Survey of Pests in Tobacco" (110200902065)Yunnan Tobacco Monopoly Bureau Technology Project " Investigation of Tobacco Pests in Yunnan Province" (2010YN19)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of tobacco blown spot on the yield and output value of tobacco leaf.[Method]The upper,middle and lower leaves in tobacco plant were selected during the harvest period of tobacco to carry out loss rate estimation of yield and output value of tobacco leaf caused by different disease levels of brown spot.Regression correlation analysis was also conducted.[Result]The disease levels of brown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with single leaf weight of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of single leaf weight.The increase speed of loss rate of single leaf weight of middle and upper leaves was obviously faster than that of lower leaves.The loss rates of single leaf weight of upper,middle and lower leaves were 3.18%-28.95%,3.43%-28.88% and 10.07%-26.90%,respectively.The higher the disease level of blown spot was,the lower the yield and output value of tobacco leaf was,and the corresponding loss rate was also higher.Correlation analysis showed that the disease level of blown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with the yield and output value of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of yield and output value.The negative impact of blown spot on the output value of tobacco leaf was far greater than that on the yield.The highest loss rate of the yield of tobacco leaf was 28.56%,while the highest loss rate of output value reached 89.67%.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for accurately holding the critical period for the control of blown spot,thus reducing the damage on tobacco leaf and improving the output value of tobacco leaf.
基金Supported by Major Project of Shaanxi Tobacco Corporation in 2013:"Research on Key Technique for Soil Improvement and Application in Tobacco-Growing Area of Hanzhong"Major Project of Henan Tobacco Corporation(HYKJ201215,HYKJ201315)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different biochar dosages and trpes on growth, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in Hanzhong. [Methods] In May-September of 2013, Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County, Hanzhong City, a field experiment was carded out to study the effects of- biochardosage and type on tobacco agronomic traits, yield and output value in each growth period. [Results] Biochar application significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and leaf size in the early growth pedod, and raised tobacco yield, output value and the proportion of high grade leaf： With the increase of biochar dosage, tobacco agronom~ traits were significantly improved, and yield, output value and proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves also increased significantly, and the highest tobacco yield and output value occurred at the dosage of 900 kg/hm2. Agronomic traits of tobacco leaves with the application of rice husk char and wheat straw char were significantly better than those with the application of peanut shell char, appli- cation of rice husk char was more conducive to the development of leaves in the vigorous pedod and stems in the squaring period, but straw char was beneficial to improvement of plant height and leaf number in the vigorous period and leaf growth in the squaring period, and application of rice husk char had the best effect on the increases of yield and output value of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] Application of biochar is an effective measure forimproving tobacco-planting soil and promoting the growth and development of tobacco in Hanzhong, biochar application amount should be controlled at about 600-900 kg/hm2, and rice husk char is the preferred choice as soil improvement material.
基金Supported by National Social Science Fund Project(11BJY029)Hunan Provincial Conditions and Decision-making Advisory Research Project(2012BZZ16)Arts Tender Project of Central South University of Forestry and Technology(2011ZB003)
文摘To analyze the efficiency of the agro-ecosystem of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province,this paper adopted the emergy theory to study the agricultural output of this region during 2001 to 2010.The results showed that the value of regional agricultural emergy output increased by44.68%to(6.50 E)sej,but lower than the growth of non-agricultural industry output.Compared with 2001,the emergy output of planting industry was(4.10E)sej in 2010 which occupied 63.09%of the total agricultural emergy output and got an increase of 2.93 percentage points,while the emergy output of stock farming got a decrease of 2.87 percentage points.The growth of fishery emergy output was not in conformity with the characteristics of Dongting Rim in Hunan.From the contrast between emergy output and economic output,we could find that the economic return ratio of planting industry and fishery industry were lower than those of forestry industry and stock farming industry,which indicated that it is necessary to improve the economic benefits of planting industry and fishery industry which were the traditional industries with advantages of the Dongting Rim in Hunan.
基金Supported by Study and Mode Construction of Water and Fertilizer Coupling and Accurate Fertilizer and Drug Reduction High-yielding Synergistic Technology during Diversified Rice Planting in the West Part of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River(2017YFD0301700)National System of Rice Industrial Technology(CARS-01-25)
文摘Rice yields and nitrogen use efficiencies were studied at five sites in southwest China using two nitrogen fertilization rates and five controlled-release urea（ CRU） to ordinary urea（ U） ratios. The fertilizer treatments significantly increased rice yields compared with the control（ no nitrogen added） yields to different degrees at different sites. Applying CRU and U increased the rice yield more than adding the same amount of nitrogen as U only. Higher increasing production rate were found using a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm2 than 150 kg/hm2. A 70∶ 30 CRU∶ U ratio increased the yield more than other four ratios. Nitrogen use efficiency was 21. 9% higher using a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm^2 than 150 kg/hm^2,and 46. 6%,38. 1%,34. 7%,and 22. 2% higher than when only U was applied when CRU∶ U ratios of 70 ∶ 30,50 ∶ 50,100 ∶ 0,and 30 ∶ 70,respectively,were used. A 70 ∶ 30 CRU ∶ U ratio gave the highest economic output（ yuan/hm^2）. Applying both CRU and U gave an output 3 078. 87 yuan/hm^2 higher at a nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm^2 than at a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm^2. Economic output was always higher using both CRU and U than using U only. The highest economic output was given using a 70∶ 30 CRU∶ U ratio.Increasing the amount of nitrogen added decreased the output efficiency（ per hm2） because CRU is expensive. Significant relationships were found between the yield increase rate and the proportion of CRU added（ regression equation y = 7. 429 x-185. 7,R^2= 0. 663） and between the total rainfall over the whole growth period and the proportion of CRU added（ y =-0. 087 1 x ＋ 112. 29,R^2= 0. 687 9）. These regression equations can be used to determine the appropriate proportion of CRU that should be added at a site,depending on the rainfall and target rice yield.
