Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence b...Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.展开更多
[Objective]To design and express a recombinant protein rMKIBV incorporating confirmed antigenic epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV)as a vaccine to provide comprehensive protection.Additionally,it explores the...[Objective]To design and express a recombinant protein rMKIBV incorporating confirmed antigenic epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV)as a vaccine to provide comprehensive protection.Additionally,it explores the potential of polyclonal yolk antibodies(IgY)harvested from laying hens immunized with the rMKIBV vaccine in the prevention and control of IBV.[Methods]The antigenic epitope sequences of IBV,obtained from online databases,were compared with sequences of representative IBV strains from GenBank.Flexible peptides were designed to link all antigenic peptides.The constructed amino acid sequence was analyzed,reverse-translated,codon-optimized,and then inserted into the pET-28a(+)cloning vector.The recombinant vector was introduced into Escherichia coli for expression.The purified,desalted,and endotoxin-removed rMKIBV protein was used as a vaccine to immunize animals for investigation of its immunogenicity and ability to stimulate specific IgY production in laying hens.[Results]The retrieved IBV antigenic epitope sequences showed high similarity with the published N and S protein sequences of 22 representative IBV strains.The predicted isoelectric point and molecular weight of rMKIBV were 10.25 and 63.39 kDa,respectively.The secondary structure of rMKIBV included a high proportion of random coils,which suggested strong antigenicity.High-purity rMKIBV was obtained from E.coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid pET-28a-mkibv.This protein specifically bound to anti-His-tag antibodies,N protein antibodies,and S protein antibodies.The mice immunized with this protein showed increases in the spleen index(P<0.05),elevations in the levels of serum-specific IgG antibodies(P<0.01)and IFN-γ(P<0.05),and no significant change in the IL-2 level.Immunized laying hens successfully produced IgY in egg yolks,with specific IgY antibody levels significantly increasing.Moreover,the IgY antibody titer gradually rose after immunization,reaching the peak after about 50 days and then gradually declining to reach a stable level.[Conclusion]We successfully constructed and expressed the recombinant protein rMKIBV.The protein demonstrated good immunogenicity,stimulating specific antibody production in both mice and laying hens.Notably,the IgY extracted from the yolks of immunized laying hens offers a novel approach to IBV prevention and control.These findings hold significant scientific and practical value for the development of vaccines against IBV.展开更多
The incidence rate and harmfulness of depression are increasing yearly,and the research on the antidepressant effect of regulating the intestinal microecology balance has attracted widespread attention.The purpose of ...The incidence rate and harmfulness of depression are increasing yearly,and the research on the antidepressant effect of regulating the intestinal microecology balance has attracted widespread attention.The purpose of this research was to study the preventive effects and the regulatory mechanism of edible Lilium-egg yolk compound powder(BHT)on gut-brain crosstalk in depressive rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)through the“microbiota-gut-brain”axis.Results showed that infusion of BHT for 21 days ameliorated the morphology of the hippocampus and colon,increased the rate of sucrose preference,reduced the immobility time of forced swimming,increased the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-10 in serum,up-regulated the expression level of plasma neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,and IL-1βand neurotransmitter glutamic acid(Glu)in serum,and decreased the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),diamine oxidase(DAO)and lactate dehydrogenase(LD)in plasma.The underlying mechanism may be to reduce the activation of microglia(lower levels of CD11 antigen-like family member B(CD11b),ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1)protein and gene expression),regulate hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neuropeptide Y(GR/BDNF/NPY)signaling pathway(higher levels of GR,BDNF,NPY protein and gene expression),enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function(higher levels of ZO-1,occludin protein and gene expression),regulate the composition and structure of intestinal flora(analysis results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)combined with random forest showed that Prevotella and Paraprevotella might be biomarkers of BHT intervention in depression),and it is related to the improvement of glutathione metabolism,and other metabolic pathways.Pearson correlation analysis found that 5-HT is strongly positively correlated with Prevotella,and Glu has a strong negative correlation with Prevotella.In conclusion,BHT can exert its antidepressant effect on CUMS-induced rats through microbiota-gut-brain interaction,can be used as an alternative to food recuperation for human depression.展开更多
The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to...The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to their single-functionalities.Herein,a combined Prussian blue analogues derived and catalytical chemical vapor deposition strategy was proposed to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell CoNi@Ndoped carbon(NC)-CoNi@carbon nanotubes(CNTs)mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites(MCNCs),which were composed of zerodimensional CoNi nanoparticles,three-dimensional NC nanocubes and onedimensional CNTs.Because of good impedance matching and attenuation characteristics,the designed CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs mixed-dimensional MCNCs exhibited excellent MA performances,which achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−71.70 dB at 2.78 mm and Radar Cross section value of−53.23 dB m^(2).More importantly,the acquired results demonstrated that CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs MCNCs presented excellent photothermal,antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties owing to their hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell structure,highlighting their potential multifunctional applications.It could be seen that this finding not only presented a generalizable route to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell magnetic NC-CNTs-based mixed-dimensional MCNCs,but also provided an effective strategy to develop multifunctional MCNCs and improve their environmental adaptabilities.展开更多
In this study,the impacts of egg consumption on mice model of metabolic syndrome(Met S)were comparatively investigated.Mice were divided into five groups(n=8):normal diet group(ND),high-fat diet group(HFD),HFD with wh...In this study,the impacts of egg consumption on mice model of metabolic syndrome(Met S)were comparatively investigated.Mice were divided into five groups(n=8):normal diet group(ND),high-fat diet group(HFD),HFD with whole egg group(WE),HFD with free-yolk egg substitute group(YFES),and HFD with lovastatin group(Lov).Main biochemical indexes and a non-targeted lipidomic analysis were employed to insight the lipid profile changes in serum.It was revealed that WE could significantly improve serum biochemical indexes by reducing body weight,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and total cholesterol(TC),while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.YFES exhibited remarkably better performance in increasing phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acids,while decreasing phosphatidylinositol than WE.A total of 50 differential lipids biomarkers tightly related to glycerophospholipids metabolism were screened out.Carnitine C18:2 and C12:1,SM(d18:0/12:0),and SM(d18:1/14:1)were significantly upregulated in YFES compared to WE.YFES reduced expression of SREBP-1c and Cpt1a,while did not affect the expression of PPAR-α.Sphingomyelin biomarkers were positively related to the TC(|r|>0.6),while PPAR-αwas negatively correlated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels.To sum up,YFES attenuated HFD-induced Met S by improving the serum phospholipids,which account for its modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism.展开更多
We experimentally miniaturized freshly laid eggs of the Chinese cobra Naja atra(Elapidae)by removing^10%and^20%of original yolk.We tested if yolk-reduced eggs would produce 1)normal-sized hatchlings with invariant yol...We experimentally miniaturized freshly laid eggs of the Chinese cobra Naja atra(Elapidae)by removing^10%and^20%of original yolk.We tested if yolk-reduced eggs would produce 1)normal-sized hatchlings with invariant yolk-free body mass(and thus invariant linear size)but dramatically reduced or even completely depleted residual yolk,2)smaller hatchlings with normalsized residual yolk but reduced yolk-free body mass,or 3)smaller hatchlings of which both yolk-free body mass and residual yolk are proportionally reduced.Yolk quantity affected hatchling linear size(both snout-vent length and tail length)and body mass.However,changes in yolk quantity did not affect incubation length or any hatchling trait examined after accounting for egg mass at laying(for control and sham-manipulated eggs)or after yolk removal(for manipulated eggs).Specifically,yolk-reduced eggs produced hatchlings of which all major components(carcass,residual yolk,and fat bodies)were scaled down proportionally.We show that snakes cannot use yolk reserves to maximize their body size at hatching.Furthermore,our data also suggest that the partitioning of yolk in embryonic snakes is species-specific.展开更多
Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunog...Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunoglobulin （IgY） isolated from yolk; IgY was labelled with the horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. Experimental condition and parameters were determined by chessboard test. The specificity, sensitivity, precision, and stability of this method were assayed in the experiment. Results This method could detect as low as 32 μg· L^-1 of the king cobra antigens. A good linear relation was found within 32 ～ 750 μg· L^-1 of king cobra venom concentrations （ r = 0. 963）. There was no cross reactivity for the reagents with Agkistrodon acutus Guenther venom or Vipera russelli siamensis Smith venom;slight cross reactivity .with Bungarus multicinctus Blyth venom or Bungarus fasciatus Chmeider venom; and notable cross reactivity with cobra venom. The average intra-assay relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1% - 3%, and the inter-assay RSD was less than 8%. The reagents （including IgY and HRP-IgY） were stable; no differences （P 〉 0.05） were observed for the detection of venom antigens when the reagents were stored at 37 ℃ up to 6 d. Conclusion IgY is a good reagent for diagnosis of snakebite after eliminating the genus cross reactivity.展开更多
In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residue...In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. Chicken egg yolk antibodies （IgY） have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology. Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed.展开更多
A rapid decline in egg production of laying hens begins after 480 d of age. Such a rapid decrease results predominantly from the ovarian aging, accompanied by endocrine changes, decreased yolk synthesis and accumulati...A rapid decline in egg production of laying hens begins after 480 d of age. Such a rapid decrease results predominantly from the ovarian aging, accompanied by endocrine changes, decreased yolk synthesis and accumulation, and the reduction in follicles selected into the preovulatory hierarchy. In this study, hens at 90, 150, 280, and 580 d old （D90, D150, D280, and D580, respectively） were compared for yolk precursor formation in the liver to elucidate effects of aging on laying performance. The results showed that liver lipid synthesis increased remarkably in hens from D90 to D150, but decreased sharply at D580 as indicated by the changes in triglyceride （TG） levels. This result was consistent with the age-related changes of the laying performance. The levels of liver antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in D580 hens and the methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in D580 hens was much higher than that at other stages. The serum 17β-estradiol level increased from D90 to D280, but decreased at D580 （P〈0.05）. The expression of estrogen receptor a and 13 mRNAs in the liver displayed similar changes to the serum 17β-estradiol in D580 hens. Expressions of the genes related to yolk precursor formation and enzymes responsible for fat acid synthesis were all decreased in D580 hens. These results indicated that decreased yolk precursor formation in the liver of the aged hens resulted from concomitant decreases of serum 17β-estradiol level, transcription levels of estrogen receptors and critical genes involved in yolk precursor synthesis, and liver antioxidant status.展开更多
Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries hold great promising for high-energy-density batteries,but appear rapid capacity fading due to the lack of overall and elaborated design of both sulfur host and interlayer.Herein,we devel...Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries hold great promising for high-energy-density batteries,but appear rapid capacity fading due to the lack of overall and elaborated design of both sulfur host and interlayer.Herein,we developed a novel two-dimensional(2D)hierarchical yolk-shell heterostructure,constructed by a graphene yolk,2D void and outer shell of vertically aligned carbon-mediated MoS2 nanosheets(G@void@MoS2/C),as advanced host-interlayer integrated electrode for Li-S batteries.Notably,the 2D void,with a typical thickness of^80 nm,provided suitable space for loading and confining nano sulfur,and vertically aligned ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets guaranteed enriched catalytically active sites to effectively promote the transition of soluble polysulfides.The conductive graphene yolk and carbon mediated shell sufficiently accelerated electron transport.Therefore,the integrated electrode of G@void@MoS2/C not only exceptionally confined the sulfur/polysulfides in 2D yolk-shell heterostructures,but also achieved catalytic transition of the residual polysulfides dissolved in electrolyte to solid Li2S2/Li2S,both of which synergistically achieved an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.05%per cycle over 1000 times at 2C,outperforming most reported Mo based cathodes and interlayers for Li-S batteries.2D hierarchical yolkshell heterostructures developed here may shed new insight on elaborated design of integrated electrodes for Li-S batteries.展开更多
Non-spherical Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu_2 O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu_2 O core upon treatment with...Non-spherical Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu_2 O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu_2 O core upon treatment with a hydrochloric acid solution. By employing the above method,Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures with different morphologies,including octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cuboctahedral shapes, can be synthesized. The void space within the hollow structures provides a unique confined space, where the metallic copper present in the core of a shell can be protected from agglomeration and oxidation. Furthermore,the presence of metal copper in these hollow structurescontributes to improvement in the photocatalytic properties of these materials. The application of these Cu@Cu S structures indeed shows clearly improved photocatalytic performance.展开更多
Low-density lipoprotein （LDL） extracted from hen egg yolk has recently been considered to be superior to whole egg yolk in sperm cryopreservation of various animal species. Meanwhile, there was a notion that high-de...Low-density lipoprotein （LDL） extracted from hen egg yolk has recently been considered to be superior to whole egg yolk in sperm cryopreservation of various animal species. Meanwhile, there was a notion that high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in egg yolk may have a negative effect on post-thaw survival. The role of LDL and HDL in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys has not been explored. The present study evaluates their effect in comparison with egg yolk with or without the addition of permeable cryoprotectant （glycerol） on sperm cryopreservation of rhesus macaques. In addition, various additives intended to change the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex have also been tested for their effectiveness in preserving post-thaw viability. Our findings indicated that LDL is the main component in egg yolk that is responsible for its protective role for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys. Regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol, the protective role of LDL is similar to that of egg yolk and we did not observe any superiority in post-thaw survival with LDL when compared to egg yolk. Modifying the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex with the addition of cholesterol, cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin and phosphatidylcholine also did not yield any improvements in pest-thaw survival; while addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced post-thaw motility. HDL plays a neutral role in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys. The present study suggests that egg yolk may still hold advantages when compared with LDL as effective components in extenders for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys.展开更多
Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coat...Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coating antigen revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase in the egg yolk at the 13th day post-immunization (P/N=2.18), reached the peak at the 56th day (P/N=13.82), and remained at high level until day 133 (P/N=7.03). The antibody was purified by saturated ammonium sulphate with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The specific IgY inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml during the 18 h incubation. Pre-treatment of polyploid gibel carps Carassius auratus Gibelio with specific IgY had a protection rate of 60% (6/10) against challenge with A. hydrophila, while none of the fishes in the control groups receiving sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or non-specific IgY survived the challenge. Treatment of fishes with the specific IgY 4 h after the challenge also had lower mortality (70%, 7/10), a 30% reduction against the control PBS or non-specific IgY groups (10/10). These results indicate that specific IgY antibodies could be obtained easily from hens immunized with an inactivated A. hydrophila and could provide a novel alternative approach to control of diseases in fishes caused by this organism.展开更多
Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume ch...Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon(C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity(1013 m Ah g-1 after80 cycles at 0.2 A g-1), outstanding rate capability(710 m Ah g-1 at 8 A g-1) and superior cycling stability(800 m Ah g-1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g-1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial Li CoO2(LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.展开更多
Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually affect youngfemales. To date, there have been few studies on YSTs. We evaluated the relationship betweenclinicopathologic characteristics of pati...Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually affect youngfemales. To date, there have been few studies on YSTs. We evaluated the relationship betweenclinicopathologic characteristics of patients with ovarian YSTs and disease outcome based onSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. The K aplan-Meier method and log-rank testwere used to evaluate differences in survival rates. Data for 269 patients were analyzed. Theincidence of YSTs among ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) cases was 0.4%;median patient agewas 22.0 years, and most tumors were unilateral. Patients presented with distant metastasis (37.5%),localized disease (49. 1%), and regional spread (8.9%). American Joint Committee on Cancer stagewas available for 13 patients (stage IA, n=2;stage IC, n=1;stage IA, n=1;stage IB, n=3;stageIlC, n=2;and stage IV, n=4). Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 91.0%, 84.0%, and 83.2%,respectively, for overall survival (OS) and 92.0%, 85.4%, and 84.5%, respectively, for disease-specific survival (DSS). The 5-year OS and DSS of patients with ovary tumors were 91.5% and92.9%, respectively, compared to 74.8% and 77.2%, respectively, for those with extra-ovarianspread (P<0.001 for both OS and DSS). Age >50 years was associated with shorter OS and DSS(both P<0.001), whereas no associatios of OS and DSS were observed with pathologic grade (P=0.49for OS and 0.52 for DSS). In summary, YSTs are typically unilateral, of a high grade, and localizedto the ovary;extra-ovarian spread has a poor outcome, and postmenopausal women have worseprognosis than premenopausal women.展开更多
A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca ...A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs possess ultrahigh doxorubicin(DOX) loading capability(1 mg DOX/mg NPs), superior photothermal conversion property(26%)and p H/near-infrared(NIR) dual-responsive drug delivery performance. The released DOX continuously increased due to the damage of the Ca P shell at low p H values. When the DOX-loaded Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs wereexposed to NIR irradiation, a burst-like drug release occurs owing to the heat produced by the Au NRs. Furthermore,Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs are successfully employed for synergic dual-mode X-ray computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Therefore, this work brings new insights for the synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials and extends theranostic applications.展开更多
The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structure...The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite (denoted as TSC-PDA-B) has been intelligently designed by rational engineering and precise control. In the novel structure, the multiple Si nanoparticles with small size are successfully encapsulated into the porous carbon shells with double layers benefiting from the strong etching effect of HF. The TSC-PDA-B product prepared is evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TSC-PDA-B product exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high initial capacity of 2108 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1 and superior cycling performance of 1113 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles. The enhancement of lithium storage performance may be attributed to the construction of hybrid structure including small Si nanoparticles, high surface area, and double carbon shells, which can not only increase electrical conductiv让y and intimate electrical contact with Si nanoparticles, but also provide built-in buffer voids for Si nanoparticles to expand freely without damaging the carbon layer. The present findings can provide some scientific insights into the design and the application of advanced Si-based anode materials in energy storage fields.展开更多
基金support by AgriFutures Australia’s Chicken Meat Program[grant number PRJ-011584]is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.
文摘[Objective]To design and express a recombinant protein rMKIBV incorporating confirmed antigenic epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV)as a vaccine to provide comprehensive protection.Additionally,it explores the potential of polyclonal yolk antibodies(IgY)harvested from laying hens immunized with the rMKIBV vaccine in the prevention and control of IBV.[Methods]The antigenic epitope sequences of IBV,obtained from online databases,were compared with sequences of representative IBV strains from GenBank.Flexible peptides were designed to link all antigenic peptides.The constructed amino acid sequence was analyzed,reverse-translated,codon-optimized,and then inserted into the pET-28a(+)cloning vector.The recombinant vector was introduced into Escherichia coli for expression.The purified,desalted,and endotoxin-removed rMKIBV protein was used as a vaccine to immunize animals for investigation of its immunogenicity and ability to stimulate specific IgY production in laying hens.[Results]The retrieved IBV antigenic epitope sequences showed high similarity with the published N and S protein sequences of 22 representative IBV strains.The predicted isoelectric point and molecular weight of rMKIBV were 10.25 and 63.39 kDa,respectively.The secondary structure of rMKIBV included a high proportion of random coils,which suggested strong antigenicity.High-purity rMKIBV was obtained from E.coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid pET-28a-mkibv.This protein specifically bound to anti-His-tag antibodies,N protein antibodies,and S protein antibodies.The mice immunized with this protein showed increases in the spleen index(P<0.05),elevations in the levels of serum-specific IgG antibodies(P<0.01)and IFN-γ(P<0.05),and no significant change in the IL-2 level.Immunized laying hens successfully produced IgY in egg yolks,with specific IgY antibody levels significantly increasing.Moreover,the IgY antibody titer gradually rose after immunization,reaching the peak after about 50 days and then gradually declining to reach a stable level.[Conclusion]We successfully constructed and expressed the recombinant protein rMKIBV.The protein demonstrated good immunogenicity,stimulating specific antibody production in both mice and laying hens.Notably,the IgY extracted from the yolks of immunized laying hens offers a novel approach to IBV prevention and control.These findings hold significant scientific and practical value for the development of vaccines against IBV.
基金financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ60481)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha Municipality(kq2208181)+3 种基金the Hunan Provincial Department of Education’s Outstanding Youth Science Research Project(22B0360)the Hunan Provincial Department of Education’s Science Research Project(22C0191)the National Ministry of Agriculture’s Edible Lily Longshan Comprehensive Experimental Station Project(CARS-21)the Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Graduate Innovation Project(2023CX157)。
文摘The incidence rate and harmfulness of depression are increasing yearly,and the research on the antidepressant effect of regulating the intestinal microecology balance has attracted widespread attention.The purpose of this research was to study the preventive effects and the regulatory mechanism of edible Lilium-egg yolk compound powder(BHT)on gut-brain crosstalk in depressive rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)through the“microbiota-gut-brain”axis.Results showed that infusion of BHT for 21 days ameliorated the morphology of the hippocampus and colon,increased the rate of sucrose preference,reduced the immobility time of forced swimming,increased the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-10 in serum,up-regulated the expression level of plasma neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,and IL-1βand neurotransmitter glutamic acid(Glu)in serum,and decreased the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),diamine oxidase(DAO)and lactate dehydrogenase(LD)in plasma.The underlying mechanism may be to reduce the activation of microglia(lower levels of CD11 antigen-like family member B(CD11b),ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1)protein and gene expression),regulate hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neuropeptide Y(GR/BDNF/NPY)signaling pathway(higher levels of GR,BDNF,NPY protein and gene expression),enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function(higher levels of ZO-1,occludin protein and gene expression),regulate the composition and structure of intestinal flora(analysis results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)combined with random forest showed that Prevotella and Paraprevotella might be biomarkers of BHT intervention in depression),and it is related to the improvement of glutathione metabolism,and other metabolic pathways.Pearson correlation analysis found that 5-HT is strongly positively correlated with Prevotella,and Glu has a strong negative correlation with Prevotella.In conclusion,BHT can exert its antidepressant effect on CUMS-induced rats through microbiota-gut-brain interaction,can be used as an alternative to food recuperation for human depression.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2093)Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(2023-YBGY-461)+4 种基金Platform of Science and Technology and Talent Team Plan of Guizhou province(GCC[2023]007)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(No.ZK[2025]Key 086)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171095)financial support,Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-57)Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2024094)。
文摘The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to their single-functionalities.Herein,a combined Prussian blue analogues derived and catalytical chemical vapor deposition strategy was proposed to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell CoNi@Ndoped carbon(NC)-CoNi@carbon nanotubes(CNTs)mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites(MCNCs),which were composed of zerodimensional CoNi nanoparticles,three-dimensional NC nanocubes and onedimensional CNTs.Because of good impedance matching and attenuation characteristics,the designed CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs mixed-dimensional MCNCs exhibited excellent MA performances,which achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−71.70 dB at 2.78 mm and Radar Cross section value of−53.23 dB m^(2).More importantly,the acquired results demonstrated that CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs MCNCs presented excellent photothermal,antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties owing to their hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell structure,highlighting their potential multifunctional applications.It could be seen that this finding not only presented a generalizable route to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell magnetic NC-CNTs-based mixed-dimensional MCNCs,but also provided an effective strategy to develop multifunctional MCNCs and improve their environmental adaptabilities.
基金supported by the Applied Basic Research of Shanxi Province(201901D211381)the Innovation-driven Development Capacity Enhancement Fund of Shanxi Province(SXYBKY2019041)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD1600604-03)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-068)Shanxi Agricultural University High-Level Talent Project(2021XG013)。
文摘In this study,the impacts of egg consumption on mice model of metabolic syndrome(Met S)were comparatively investigated.Mice were divided into five groups(n=8):normal diet group(ND),high-fat diet group(HFD),HFD with whole egg group(WE),HFD with free-yolk egg substitute group(YFES),and HFD with lovastatin group(Lov).Main biochemical indexes and a non-targeted lipidomic analysis were employed to insight the lipid profile changes in serum.It was revealed that WE could significantly improve serum biochemical indexes by reducing body weight,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and total cholesterol(TC),while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.YFES exhibited remarkably better performance in increasing phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acids,while decreasing phosphatidylinositol than WE.A total of 50 differential lipids biomarkers tightly related to glycerophospholipids metabolism were screened out.Carnitine C18:2 and C12:1,SM(d18:0/12:0),and SM(d18:1/14:1)were significantly upregulated in YFES compared to WE.YFES reduced expression of SREBP-1c and Cpt1a,while did not affect the expression of PPAR-α.Sphingomyelin biomarkers were positively related to the TC(|r|>0.6),while PPAR-αwas negatively correlated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels.To sum up,YFES attenuated HFD-induced Met S by improving the serum phospholipids,which account for its modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism.
文摘We experimentally miniaturized freshly laid eggs of the Chinese cobra Naja atra(Elapidae)by removing^10%and^20%of original yolk.We tested if yolk-reduced eggs would produce 1)normal-sized hatchlings with invariant yolk-free body mass(and thus invariant linear size)but dramatically reduced or even completely depleted residual yolk,2)smaller hatchlings with normalsized residual yolk but reduced yolk-free body mass,or 3)smaller hatchlings of which both yolk-free body mass and residual yolk are proportionally reduced.Yolk quantity affected hatchling linear size(both snout-vent length and tail length)and body mass.However,changes in yolk quantity did not affect incubation length or any hatchling trait examined after accounting for egg mass at laying(for control and sham-manipulated eggs)or after yolk removal(for manipulated eggs).Specifically,yolk-reduced eggs produced hatchlings of which all major components(carcass,residual yolk,and fat bodies)were scaled down proportionally.We show that snakes cannot use yolk reserves to maximize their body size at hatching.Furthermore,our data also suggest that the partitioning of yolk in embryonic snakes is species-specific.
文摘Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunoglobulin （IgY） isolated from yolk; IgY was labelled with the horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. Experimental condition and parameters were determined by chessboard test. The specificity, sensitivity, precision, and stability of this method were assayed in the experiment. Results This method could detect as low as 32 μg· L^-1 of the king cobra antigens. A good linear relation was found within 32 ～ 750 μg· L^-1 of king cobra venom concentrations （ r = 0. 963）. There was no cross reactivity for the reagents with Agkistrodon acutus Guenther venom or Vipera russelli siamensis Smith venom;slight cross reactivity .with Bungarus multicinctus Blyth venom or Bungarus fasciatus Chmeider venom; and notable cross reactivity with cobra venom. The average intra-assay relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1% - 3%, and the inter-assay RSD was less than 8%. The reagents （including IgY and HRP-IgY） were stable; no differences （P 〉 0.05） were observed for the detection of venom antigens when the reagents were stored at 37 ℃ up to 6 d. Conclusion IgY is a good reagent for diagnosis of snakebite after eliminating the genus cross reactivity.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(310010533037105330871806)
文摘In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. Chicken egg yolk antibodies （IgY） have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology. Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31472160 and 31272525)
文摘A rapid decline in egg production of laying hens begins after 480 d of age. Such a rapid decrease results predominantly from the ovarian aging, accompanied by endocrine changes, decreased yolk synthesis and accumulation, and the reduction in follicles selected into the preovulatory hierarchy. In this study, hens at 90, 150, 280, and 580 d old （D90, D150, D280, and D580, respectively） were compared for yolk precursor formation in the liver to elucidate effects of aging on laying performance. The results showed that liver lipid synthesis increased remarkably in hens from D90 to D150, but decreased sharply at D580 as indicated by the changes in triglyceride （TG） levels. This result was consistent with the age-related changes of the laying performance. The levels of liver antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in D580 hens and the methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in D580 hens was much higher than that at other stages. The serum 17β-estradiol level increased from D90 to D280, but decreased at D580 （P〈0.05）. The expression of estrogen receptor a and 13 mRNAs in the liver displayed similar changes to the serum 17β-estradiol in D580 hens. Expressions of the genes related to yolk precursor formation and enzymes responsible for fat acid synthesis were all decreased in D580 hens. These results indicated that decreased yolk precursor formation in the liver of the aged hens resulted from concomitant decreases of serum 17β-estradiol level, transcription levels of estrogen receptors and critical genes involved in yolk precursor synthesis, and liver antioxidant status.
基金financially supported by the National Key R@D Program of China (Grants 2016YBF0100100 and 2016YFA0200200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51572259 and 51872283)+5 种基金LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (Grant XLYC1807153)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant 20180510038)DICP (DICP ZZBS201708, DICP ZZBS201802)DICP&QIBEBT (Grant DICP&QIBEBT UN201702)Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy (DNL), CAS, DNL Cooperation Fund, CAS (DNL180310, DNL180308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant N180503012 and N172410002-16)
文摘Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries hold great promising for high-energy-density batteries,but appear rapid capacity fading due to the lack of overall and elaborated design of both sulfur host and interlayer.Herein,we developed a novel two-dimensional(2D)hierarchical yolk-shell heterostructure,constructed by a graphene yolk,2D void and outer shell of vertically aligned carbon-mediated MoS2 nanosheets(G@void@MoS2/C),as advanced host-interlayer integrated electrode for Li-S batteries.Notably,the 2D void,with a typical thickness of^80 nm,provided suitable space for loading and confining nano sulfur,and vertically aligned ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets guaranteed enriched catalytically active sites to effectively promote the transition of soluble polysulfides.The conductive graphene yolk and carbon mediated shell sufficiently accelerated electron transport.Therefore,the integrated electrode of G@void@MoS2/C not only exceptionally confined the sulfur/polysulfides in 2D yolk-shell heterostructures,but also achieved catalytic transition of the residual polysulfides dissolved in electrolyte to solid Li2S2/Li2S,both of which synergistically achieved an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.05%per cycle over 1000 times at 2C,outperforming most reported Mo based cathodes and interlayers for Li-S batteries.2D hierarchical yolkshell heterostructures developed here may shed new insight on elaborated design of integrated electrodes for Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21671085, 21473081, 21201088)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20161160)the Qing Lan Project and the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Non-spherical Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu_2 O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu_2 O core upon treatment with a hydrochloric acid solution. By employing the above method,Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures with different morphologies,including octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cuboctahedral shapes, can be synthesized. The void space within the hollow structures provides a unique confined space, where the metallic copper present in the core of a shell can be protected from agglomeration and oxidation. Furthermore,the presence of metal copper in these hollow structurescontributes to improvement in the photocatalytic properties of these materials. The application of these Cu@Cu S structures indeed shows clearly improved photocatalytic performance.
基金This work was supported in part by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30800845）, the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province （No. R3100105）, and the NIH grants RR00169 and RR13439. We thank Dr. M. Anton for providing the detailed protocols of LDL and HDL extraction.
文摘Low-density lipoprotein （LDL） extracted from hen egg yolk has recently been considered to be superior to whole egg yolk in sperm cryopreservation of various animal species. Meanwhile, there was a notion that high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in egg yolk may have a negative effect on post-thaw survival. The role of LDL and HDL in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys has not been explored. The present study evaluates their effect in comparison with egg yolk with or without the addition of permeable cryoprotectant （glycerol） on sperm cryopreservation of rhesus macaques. In addition, various additives intended to change the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex have also been tested for their effectiveness in preserving post-thaw viability. Our findings indicated that LDL is the main component in egg yolk that is responsible for its protective role for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys. Regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol, the protective role of LDL is similar to that of egg yolk and we did not observe any superiority in post-thaw survival with LDL when compared to egg yolk. Modifying the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex with the addition of cholesterol, cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin and phosphatidylcholine also did not yield any improvements in pest-thaw survival; while addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced post-thaw motility. HDL plays a neutral role in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys. The present study suggests that egg yolk may still hold advantages when compared with LDL as effective components in extenders for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys.
基金Project (No. 2004C26026) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Specific immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk against Aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of White Leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of A. hydrophila. ELISA test using A. hydrophila as the coating antigen revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase in the egg yolk at the 13th day post-immunization (P/N=2.18), reached the peak at the 56th day (P/N=13.82), and remained at high level until day 133 (P/N=7.03). The antibody was purified by saturated ammonium sulphate with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The specific IgY inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml during the 18 h incubation. Pre-treatment of polyploid gibel carps Carassius auratus Gibelio with specific IgY had a protection rate of 60% (6/10) against challenge with A. hydrophila, while none of the fishes in the control groups receiving sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or non-specific IgY survived the challenge. Treatment of fishes with the specific IgY 4 h after the challenge also had lower mortality (70%, 7/10), a 30% reduction against the control PBS or non-specific IgY groups (10/10). These results indicate that specific IgY antibodies could be obtained easily from hens immunized with an inactivated A. hydrophila and could provide a novel alternative approach to control of diseases in fishes caused by this organism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.21703185)the leading Project Foundation of Science Department of Fujian Province(Grants No.2018H0034)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Xiamen University:20720170042)the“Double-First Class”Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen University。
文摘Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon(C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity(1013 m Ah g-1 after80 cycles at 0.2 A g-1), outstanding rate capability(710 m Ah g-1 at 8 A g-1) and superior cycling stability(800 m Ah g-1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g-1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial Li CoO2(LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.
文摘Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually affect youngfemales. To date, there have been few studies on YSTs. We evaluated the relationship betweenclinicopathologic characteristics of patients with ovarian YSTs and disease outcome based onSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. The K aplan-Meier method and log-rank testwere used to evaluate differences in survival rates. Data for 269 patients were analyzed. Theincidence of YSTs among ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) cases was 0.4%;median patient agewas 22.0 years, and most tumors were unilateral. Patients presented with distant metastasis (37.5%),localized disease (49. 1%), and regional spread (8.9%). American Joint Committee on Cancer stagewas available for 13 patients (stage IA, n=2;stage IC, n=1;stage IA, n=1;stage IB, n=3;stageIlC, n=2;and stage IV, n=4). Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 91.0%, 84.0%, and 83.2%,respectively, for overall survival (OS) and 92.0%, 85.4%, and 84.5%, respectively, for disease-specific survival (DSS). The 5-year OS and DSS of patients with ovary tumors were 91.5% and92.9%, respectively, compared to 74.8% and 77.2%, respectively, for those with extra-ovarianspread (P<0.001 for both OS and DSS). Age >50 years was associated with shorter OS and DSS(both P<0.001), whereas no associatios of OS and DSS were observed with pathologic grade (P=0.49for OS and 0.52 for DSS). In summary, YSTs are typically unilateral, of a high grade, and localizedto the ovary;extra-ovarian spread has a poor outcome, and postmenopausal women have worseprognosis than premenopausal women.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21573040 and 21603029)the Natural Science Foundation and Science and Technology Development Planning of Jilin Province(20150204086GX and20170520148JH)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412016KJ007 and 2412016KJ020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M600224)the Jilin Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research(20160519012JH)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials(Northeast Normal University)
文摘A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs possess ultrahigh doxorubicin(DOX) loading capability(1 mg DOX/mg NPs), superior photothermal conversion property(26%)and p H/near-infrared(NIR) dual-responsive drug delivery performance. The released DOX continuously increased due to the damage of the Ca P shell at low p H values. When the DOX-loaded Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs wereexposed to NIR irradiation, a burst-like drug release occurs owing to the heat produced by the Au NRs. Furthermore,Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs are successfully employed for synergic dual-mode X-ray computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Therefore, this work brings new insights for the synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials and extends theranostic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21471096)Shanghai Pujiang Program(17PJD015)
文摘The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite (denoted as TSC-PDA-B) has been intelligently designed by rational engineering and precise control. In the novel structure, the multiple Si nanoparticles with small size are successfully encapsulated into the porous carbon shells with double layers benefiting from the strong etching effect of HF. The TSC-PDA-B product prepared is evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TSC-PDA-B product exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high initial capacity of 2108 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1 and superior cycling performance of 1113 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles. The enhancement of lithium storage performance may be attributed to the construction of hybrid structure including small Si nanoparticles, high surface area, and double carbon shells, which can not only increase electrical conductiv让y and intimate electrical contact with Si nanoparticles, but also provide built-in buffer voids for Si nanoparticles to expand freely without damaging the carbon layer. The present findings can provide some scientific insights into the design and the application of advanced Si-based anode materials in energy storage fields.
