In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and quali...In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.展开更多
Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itd...Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itdeveloped into a corporate group and ultimately became ahighly spectalised company that is regarded as the world'sleading provider of air interlacing and air texturing jets forsynthetic continuous filament yarns.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV...Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups Group 1 (G1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and Group (G2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in G2 compared to G1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in G1 compared to G2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughpu...This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction to analyze the structure and functional potential of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities.The Mantel test and redundancy analysis were used to identify physicochemical factors influencing bacterial community structure and function.The results indicated significant differences in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties across planting years:the content of organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil,as well as the activity of invertase,urease,and alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased,while available potassium,Olsen-phosphorus content,and peroxidase activity continued to increase.However,bacterial alpha diversity(Chao1 and Shannon indices)and the number of amplicon sequence variants increased continuously with planting duration.Principal coordinate analysis and Adonis tests revealed that the planting year significantly influenced the bacterial community structure(p<0.05).The phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi collectively constituted 56.7%to 71.2%of the relative abundance,representing the dominant taxa.PICRUSt2 predictions indicated key functional categories(cellular processes,metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing)each exceeding 10%relative abundance.BugBase analysis revealed a progressive increase in aerobic and oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria and a decrease in anaerobic and potentially pathogenic bacteria.Differential indicator species analysis identified Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Methylomirabilota and Actinobacteriota as key discriminators for the 1-,5-,10-and 15-year stages,respectively.Organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,soil pH,and available phosphorus were the primary physicochemical drivers of bacterial communities.Notably,soil organic matter significantly influenced both the community structure(p<0.05)and predictedmetabolic functions(p<0.05).In conclusion,prolonged planting duration significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional gene abundance in Z.bungeanumwhile driving the structural succession of bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi.This ecological shift,characterized by increased aerobic/oxidative-stress taxa and decreased anaerobic/pathogenic bacteria,was primarily regulated by soil organic matter,a key driver shaping both community structure and metabolic functions,ultimately improving soil microecological health.展开更多
The book of One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez unfolds in the fictional town of Macondo,a place filled with extraordinary characters and events.At the center of the narrative is the Buendía f...The book of One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez unfolds in the fictional town of Macondo,a place filled with extraordinary characters and events.At the center of the narrative is the Buendía family,whose lives are shaped by love,ambition and solitude.展开更多
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributab...BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributable to physical inactivity in individuals aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease data.METHODS We assessed trends in disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and deaths,decomposed changes into population growth,aging,and epidemiological factors,and examined health inequalities across sociodemographic index(SDI)regions.RESULTS From 1990 to 2021,a substantial rise in DALYs was observed,especially in low and middle SDI regions,with a 120.06% increase in the low SDI region,but a 23.10% decline in the high SDI region.Decomposition analysis identified population aging and growth as primary drivers for the burden,contributing 66.39% and 83.56% to the increase in middle and low SDI regions,respectively.By contrast,epidemiological improvements alleviated burden in the high SDI region(54.91%).Gender disparities persisted,with women experiencing a higher burden.Inequality analysis indicated a shift in CVD burden towards the low SDI region,with declining concentration indices for DALYs(-0.03 to-0.13)and deaths(-0.07 to-0.15).The Bayesian age-period-cohort projections suggest continued increases in DALYs and deaths through 2050,with women disproportionately affected.CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity,improving healthcare access,and implementing region-specific prevention strategies.展开更多
This study analyzed case and prescription data of children aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with influenza A from the outpatient and emergency departments at the Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo University during...This study analyzed case and prescription data of children aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with influenza A from the outpatient and emergency departments at the Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo University during the influenza epidemic period between February and April 2023.Patients were categorized into two groups based on their medication:the Baloxavir Marboxil group(196 cases)and the Oseltamivir group(126 cases).SPSS Statistics 24.0 software was utilized to compare variables between the two groups,including age,sex,weight,first visit department,number of visits,average prescription cost per patient,drug varieties used,hospitalization rate,and the combined medication usage,to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two treatments.The results indicated that the number of visits in the Baloxavir Marboxil group was significantly lower than in the Oseltamivir group,whereas the average prescription cost per patient was higher(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age,sex,weight,first visit department,number of drug types used,hospitalization rate,or combined medication usage(P>0.05).When comparing the use of single-class combined drugs,only the quantity of antiviral drugs differed significantly(P<0.05).The Oseltamivir group required more adjuvant treatment with both Chinese and Western antiviral medications.The distribution of the number of combined drug types was concentrated around three and two types in both groups(Baloxavir Marboxil group:41.34%and 39.66%;Oseltamivir group:44.54%and 36.97%).This study highlighted that the new drug,Baloxavir Marboxil,offered certain therapeutic benefits over Oseltamivir in treating influenza among children aged 12 to 18 years,including advantages in single-dose administration,oral compliance,and specific treatment outcomes.The higher unit cost associated with Baloxavir Marboxil might be a factor for further consideration.These findings provided a new reference point for the clinical selection of anti-influenza medications.展开更多
The existence of an intensifying shift in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)since~2000 years ago that differs from the decreasing trend of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation remains controversial.Therefore,we comp...The existence of an intensifying shift in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)since~2000 years ago that differs from the decreasing trend of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation remains controversial.Therefore,we compared and synthesized stalagmiteδ^(18)O records from eastern China to clarify the EASM trend during this period.A total of 30 caveδ^(18)O records that did not consistently indicate a depleted trend during 2-0 ka.Rather,they included increasing(14 caves),decreasing(8 caves),and non-significant(8 caves)trends.The spatially interpolated trends of caveδ^(18)O suggested spatial differences among three subregions:North China(NC),decreasing trend(5 caves);Central-East China/Yangtze River Valley(CEC),increasing trend(17 caves);South China(SC),decreasing trend(8 caves).The caveδ^(18)O evidence supports spatial differences in precipitation in eastern China that have been substantially demonstrated by observations and model simulations.The decreasingδ^(18)O anomaly from NC and SC was associated with the decreasing sea surface temperature over Pacific Decadal Oscillation region and increasing South Oscillation Index.The increasing CECδ^(18)O anomaly was linked to southward Intertropical Convergence Zone shift and decreasing solar irradiance.Consequently,EASM circulation is jointly forced by external and internal factors at various timescales.展开更多
The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the...The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the basis of the sediment sequence and optical stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating data of three boreholes in the Yellow River Delta(YRD),the positions of paleo-coastlines and the movements of RSL in the last 2000 years were reconstructed.The main results are as follows:1)the YRD coast transformed from a tide-dominated silty coast to a wave-dominated sandy coast and back to a tide-dominated silty coast in the last 2000 years.2)The sand layers consisting of shell fragments indicated the locations of the coastline in 1855 AD,893 AD,and 40 BC,and their top elevations were close to the mean high water level in the corresponding years.3)The mean sea level elevation in 79 BC,1019 AD,and 1800 AD relative to the modern sea level was -4.52,-4.52,and-2.92 m,respectively.4)The RSL was almost stagnant during 79 BC-1019 AD,rose slowly during 1019-1800 AD due to the reverse change of global climate from the Little Ice Age to the Medieval Warm Period,and rose significantly after 1800 AD due to the warm period.5)The movement of RSL controlled the surface slope of YRD,which was a slope of approximately 0.022‰ at 893 AD,an inverted slope of 0.144‰ at 1855 AD,and a slope of 0.075‰ recently.These findings indicate that the modern YRD is far from being abandoned in the future,providing a historical geomorphological basis for the management of the Yellow River Estuary.展开更多
Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualize...Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualized expected years of life lost(YLL).Methods A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants(203,731 males and 241,668 females)from the UK Biobank was analyzed.LTL values were log-transformed,and YLL was calculated using life tables.Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations.Results In males,each standard deviation(S.D.)increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL(95%CI:–1.025,–0.900;P<0.001).In females,longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL(95%CI:0.057,0.146;P<0.001).Among postmenopausal females,LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males(0.387-year decrease,95%CI:−0.446,–0.328;P<0.001),while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association(0.705-year increase,95%CI:0.625,0.785;P<0.001).Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases,pointing to a consistent biological pattern.Conclusion The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex,with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females.This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics.The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.展开更多
Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever...Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.展开更多
Objectives:The increasing number of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has prompted concerns regarding their clinical outcomes compared with the y...Objectives:The increasing number of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has prompted concerns regarding their clinical outcomes compared with the younger population.This study evaluated the outcomes of TAVR on the basis of age group(<80 or≥80 years)amongVietnamese patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at intermediate surgical risk.Methods:From March 2017 to December 2022,21 patients≥80 years of age and 69 patients<80 years of age under-went TAVI at a single center.Clinical characteristics,procedures,and outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were compared with the Valve Academic Research Consortium(VARC-2)criteria.Results:Patients≥80 years of age had a higher prevalence of comorbidities but no significant differences in other clinical characteristics and procedures.No statistically significant differences were observed in procedural mortality(4.8%vs.0.0%,P=0.233),30-day mortality(5.0%vs.1.5%,P=0.405),and 1-year mortality(11.8%vs.3.7%,P=0.241)between age groups.Major endpoints at specified time points also showed no significant differences.Conclusions:TAVR in patients with aortic stenosis at intermediate surgical risk has similar clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year,according to VARC-2 criteria,with no statistically significant age-associated differences(≥80 vs.<80 years).However,further studies with larger patient populations are needed to better understand the effects of age on TAVI outcomes in patients with similar characteristics.展开更多
Land use/cover change is an important parameter in the climate and ecological simulations. Although they had been widely used in the community, SAGE dataset and HYDE dataset, the two representative global historical l...Land use/cover change is an important parameter in the climate and ecological simulations. Although they had been widely used in the community, SAGE dataset and HYDE dataset, the two representative global historical land use datasets, were little assessed about their accuracies in regional scale. Here, we carried out some assessments for the traditional cultivated region of China （TCRC） over last 300 years, by comparing SAGE2010 and HYDE （v3.1） with Chinese Historical Cropland Dataset （CHCD）. The comparisons were performed at three spatial scales： entire study area, provincial area and 60 km by 60 km grid cell. The results show that （1） the cropland area from SAGE2010 was much more than that from CHCD moreover, the growth at a rate of 0.51% from 1700 to 1950 and -0.34% after 1950 were also inconsistent with that from CHCD. （2） HYDE dataset （v3.1） was closer to CHCD dataset than SAGE dataset on entire study area. However, the large biases could be detected at provincial scale and 60 km by 60 km grid cell scale. The percent of grid cells having biases greater than 70% （〈-70% or 〉70%） and 90% （〈-90% or 〉90%） accounted for 56%-63% and 40%-45% of the total grid cells respectively while those having biases range from -10% to 10% and from -30% to 30% account for only 5%-6% and 17% of the total grid cells respectively. （3） Using local historical archives to reconstruct historical dataset with high accuracy would be a valu- able way to improve the accuracy of climate and ecological simulation.展开更多
文摘In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.
文摘Wattwil,Switzerland,April l,2025-The art of re-orientation runs through Heberlein's l90-year companyhistory.Georg Philipp Heberlein and his descendants ranan exemplary family business with roots in yarn dyeing.Itdeveloped into a corporate group and ultimately became ahighly spectalised company that is regarded as the world'sleading provider of air interlacing and air texturing jets forsynthetic continuous filament yarns.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups Group 1 (G1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and Group (G2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in G2 compared to G1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in G1 compared to G2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.
基金supported by Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Project(LCKJCX2022001)from Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Gansu Province’s.
文摘This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction to analyze the structure and functional potential of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities.The Mantel test and redundancy analysis were used to identify physicochemical factors influencing bacterial community structure and function.The results indicated significant differences in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties across planting years:the content of organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil,as well as the activity of invertase,urease,and alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased,while available potassium,Olsen-phosphorus content,and peroxidase activity continued to increase.However,bacterial alpha diversity(Chao1 and Shannon indices)and the number of amplicon sequence variants increased continuously with planting duration.Principal coordinate analysis and Adonis tests revealed that the planting year significantly influenced the bacterial community structure(p<0.05).The phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi collectively constituted 56.7%to 71.2%of the relative abundance,representing the dominant taxa.PICRUSt2 predictions indicated key functional categories(cellular processes,metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing)each exceeding 10%relative abundance.BugBase analysis revealed a progressive increase in aerobic and oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria and a decrease in anaerobic and potentially pathogenic bacteria.Differential indicator species analysis identified Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Methylomirabilota and Actinobacteriota as key discriminators for the 1-,5-,10-and 15-year stages,respectively.Organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,soil pH,and available phosphorus were the primary physicochemical drivers of bacterial communities.Notably,soil organic matter significantly influenced both the community structure(p<0.05)and predictedmetabolic functions(p<0.05).In conclusion,prolonged planting duration significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional gene abundance in Z.bungeanumwhile driving the structural succession of bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi.This ecological shift,characterized by increased aerobic/oxidative-stress taxa and decreased anaerobic/pathogenic bacteria,was primarily regulated by soil organic matter,a key driver shaping both community structure and metabolic functions,ultimately improving soil microecological health.
文摘The book of One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez unfolds in the fictional town of Macondo,a place filled with extraordinary characters and events.At the center of the narrative is the Buendía family,whose lives are shaped by love,ambition and solitude.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Commission of Health(LR2022004&LKZ2023005)the Project of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University for Cultivating Academic Talent(CZXM-GSPRC22)+2 种基金the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Pairing Assistance Construction Funds(ZDLYG10)the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Construction Funds(GSP-LCYJFH17)the Nanjing Commission of Health(YKK24257).
文摘BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributable to physical inactivity in individuals aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease data.METHODS We assessed trends in disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and deaths,decomposed changes into population growth,aging,and epidemiological factors,and examined health inequalities across sociodemographic index(SDI)regions.RESULTS From 1990 to 2021,a substantial rise in DALYs was observed,especially in low and middle SDI regions,with a 120.06% increase in the low SDI region,but a 23.10% decline in the high SDI region.Decomposition analysis identified population aging and growth as primary drivers for the burden,contributing 66.39% and 83.56% to the increase in middle and low SDI regions,respectively.By contrast,epidemiological improvements alleviated burden in the high SDI region(54.91%).Gender disparities persisted,with women experiencing a higher burden.Inequality analysis indicated a shift in CVD burden towards the low SDI region,with declining concentration indices for DALYs(-0.03 to-0.13)and deaths(-0.07 to-0.15).The Bayesian age-period-cohort projections suggest continued increases in DALYs and deaths through 2050,with women disproportionately affected.CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity,improving healthcare access,and implementing region-specific prevention strategies.
基金Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(Grant No.2022020405)Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(Grant No.320.6750.2023-25-3).
文摘This study analyzed case and prescription data of children aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with influenza A from the outpatient and emergency departments at the Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo University during the influenza epidemic period between February and April 2023.Patients were categorized into two groups based on their medication:the Baloxavir Marboxil group(196 cases)and the Oseltamivir group(126 cases).SPSS Statistics 24.0 software was utilized to compare variables between the two groups,including age,sex,weight,first visit department,number of visits,average prescription cost per patient,drug varieties used,hospitalization rate,and the combined medication usage,to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two treatments.The results indicated that the number of visits in the Baloxavir Marboxil group was significantly lower than in the Oseltamivir group,whereas the average prescription cost per patient was higher(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age,sex,weight,first visit department,number of drug types used,hospitalization rate,or combined medication usage(P>0.05).When comparing the use of single-class combined drugs,only the quantity of antiviral drugs differed significantly(P<0.05).The Oseltamivir group required more adjuvant treatment with both Chinese and Western antiviral medications.The distribution of the number of combined drug types was concentrated around three and two types in both groups(Baloxavir Marboxil group:41.34%and 39.66%;Oseltamivir group:44.54%and 36.97%).This study highlighted that the new drug,Baloxavir Marboxil,offered certain therapeutic benefits over Oseltamivir in treating influenza among children aged 12 to 18 years,including advantages in single-dose administration,oral compliance,and specific treatment outcomes.The higher unit cost associated with Baloxavir Marboxil might be a factor for further consideration.These findings provided a new reference point for the clinical selection of anti-influenza medications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42225105National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471177,No.42201175,No.41901099+1 种基金The Open Foundation of MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System,Lanzhou Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.lzujbky-2022-kb04。
文摘The existence of an intensifying shift in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)since~2000 years ago that differs from the decreasing trend of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation remains controversial.Therefore,we compared and synthesized stalagmiteδ^(18)O records from eastern China to clarify the EASM trend during this period.A total of 30 caveδ^(18)O records that did not consistently indicate a depleted trend during 2-0 ka.Rather,they included increasing(14 caves),decreasing(8 caves),and non-significant(8 caves)trends.The spatially interpolated trends of caveδ^(18)O suggested spatial differences among three subregions:North China(NC),decreasing trend(5 caves);Central-East China/Yangtze River Valley(CEC),increasing trend(17 caves);South China(SC),decreasing trend(8 caves).The caveδ^(18)O evidence supports spatial differences in precipitation in eastern China that have been substantially demonstrated by observations and model simulations.The decreasingδ^(18)O anomaly from NC and SC was associated with the decreasing sea surface temperature over Pacific Decadal Oscillation region and increasing South Oscillation Index.The increasing CECδ^(18)O anomaly was linked to southward Intertropical Convergence Zone shift and decreasing solar irradiance.Consequently,EASM circulation is jointly forced by external and internal factors at various timescales.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42330406 and 42476163)。
文摘The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the basis of the sediment sequence and optical stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating data of three boreholes in the Yellow River Delta(YRD),the positions of paleo-coastlines and the movements of RSL in the last 2000 years were reconstructed.The main results are as follows:1)the YRD coast transformed from a tide-dominated silty coast to a wave-dominated sandy coast and back to a tide-dominated silty coast in the last 2000 years.2)The sand layers consisting of shell fragments indicated the locations of the coastline in 1855 AD,893 AD,and 40 BC,and their top elevations were close to the mean high water level in the corresponding years.3)The mean sea level elevation in 79 BC,1019 AD,and 1800 AD relative to the modern sea level was -4.52,-4.52,and-2.92 m,respectively.4)The RSL was almost stagnant during 79 BC-1019 AD,rose slowly during 1019-1800 AD due to the reverse change of global climate from the Little Ice Age to the Medieval Warm Period,and rose significantly after 1800 AD due to the warm period.5)The movement of RSL controlled the surface slope of YRD,which was a slope of approximately 0.022‰ at 893 AD,an inverted slope of 0.144‰ at 1855 AD,and a slope of 0.075‰ recently.These findings indicate that the modern YRD is far from being abandoned in the future,providing a historical geomorphological basis for the management of the Yellow River Estuary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192903,82192904)the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(2023ZD0510103)。
文摘Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker,but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain.This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length(LTL)and individualized expected years of life lost(YLL).Methods A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants(203,731 males and 241,668 females)from the UK Biobank was analyzed.LTL values were log-transformed,and YLL was calculated using life tables.Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations.Results In males,each standard deviation(S.D.)increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL(95%CI:–1.025,–0.900;P<0.001).In females,longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL(95%CI:0.057,0.146;P<0.001).Among postmenopausal females,LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males(0.387-year decrease,95%CI:−0.446,–0.328;P<0.001),while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association(0.705-year increase,95%CI:0.625,0.785;P<0.001).Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases,pointing to a consistent biological pattern.Conclusion The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex,with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females.This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics.The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.
基金the Military Program for Clinical Cultivation Specialty and Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.
文摘Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.
文摘Objectives:The increasing number of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has prompted concerns regarding their clinical outcomes compared with the younger population.This study evaluated the outcomes of TAVR on the basis of age group(<80 or≥80 years)amongVietnamese patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at intermediate surgical risk.Methods:From March 2017 to December 2022,21 patients≥80 years of age and 69 patients<80 years of age under-went TAVI at a single center.Clinical characteristics,procedures,and outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were compared with the Valve Academic Research Consortium(VARC-2)criteria.Results:Patients≥80 years of age had a higher prevalence of comorbidities but no significant differences in other clinical characteristics and procedures.No statistically significant differences were observed in procedural mortality(4.8%vs.0.0%,P=0.233),30-day mortality(5.0%vs.1.5%,P=0.405),and 1-year mortality(11.8%vs.3.7%,P=0.241)between age groups.Major endpoints at specified time points also showed no significant differences.Conclusions:TAVR in patients with aortic stenosis at intermediate surgical risk has similar clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year,according to VARC-2 criteria,with no statistically significant age-associated differences(≥80 vs.<80 years).However,further studies with larger patient populations are needed to better understand the effects of age on TAVI outcomes in patients with similar characteristics.
基金China Global Change Research Program, No.2010CB950901 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271227 No.41001122
文摘Land use/cover change is an important parameter in the climate and ecological simulations. Although they had been widely used in the community, SAGE dataset and HYDE dataset, the two representative global historical land use datasets, were little assessed about their accuracies in regional scale. Here, we carried out some assessments for the traditional cultivated region of China （TCRC） over last 300 years, by comparing SAGE2010 and HYDE （v3.1） with Chinese Historical Cropland Dataset （CHCD）. The comparisons were performed at three spatial scales： entire study area, provincial area and 60 km by 60 km grid cell. The results show that （1） the cropland area from SAGE2010 was much more than that from CHCD moreover, the growth at a rate of 0.51% from 1700 to 1950 and -0.34% after 1950 were also inconsistent with that from CHCD. （2） HYDE dataset （v3.1） was closer to CHCD dataset than SAGE dataset on entire study area. However, the large biases could be detected at provincial scale and 60 km by 60 km grid cell scale. The percent of grid cells having biases greater than 70% （〈-70% or 〉70%） and 90% （〈-90% or 〉90%） accounted for 56%-63% and 40%-45% of the total grid cells respectively while those having biases range from -10% to 10% and from -30% to 30% account for only 5%-6% and 17% of the total grid cells respectively. （3） Using local historical archives to reconstruct historical dataset with high accuracy would be a valu- able way to improve the accuracy of climate and ecological simulation.
