Purpose–This paper aims to offer a novel viewpoint for improving performance and reliability by developing and optimizing suspension components in a Y25 bogie through material optimization based on wheel–rail intera...Purpose–This paper aims to offer a novel viewpoint for improving performance and reliability by developing and optimizing suspension components in a Y25 bogie through material optimization based on wheel–rail interactions under variable load and track conditions.Design/methodology/approach–The suspension system,a critical component ensuring adaptation to road and load conditions in all vehicle types,is especially vital in heavy freight and passenger trains.In this context,the suspension set of the Y25 bogie–commonly used in T€urkiye and Europe–was modelled using CATIAV5,and stress analyses have been performed by way of ANSYS using the finite element analysis(FEA)method.E300-520-M cast steel was selected for the bogie frame,while two different spring steels,61SiCr7 and 51CrV4,were considered for the suspension springs.The modeled system was subjected to numerical analysis under loading conditions.The resulting stresses and displacements were compared with the mechanical properties of the selected materials to validate the design.Findings–The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and deformation characteristics of the suspension components vary according to the applied external loads.The stress and displacement responses of the system were found to be within the allowable limits of the selected materials,confirming the structural integrity and reliability of the design.The suspension set is deemed suitable for the prescribed material and environmental conditions,suggesting potential for practical application in real-world rail systems.Originality/value–This research contributes to the design and optimization of bogie suspension systems using advanced CAD/CAE tools.It thinks that the material selection and numerical validation approach presented here can guide future designs in heavy load rail applications and potentially improve both safety and performance.展开更多
急性肾损伤（Acute kidney injury,AKI）是一个可预防和可治疗的临床综合征。目前85%的AKI发生于中低收入国家,但是诊疗水平还有待提高。为减轻AKI的全球负担,国际肾脏病学会（International society of Nephrology,ISN）提出急性肾损伤...急性肾损伤（Acute kidney injury,AKI）是一个可预防和可治疗的临床综合征。目前85%的AKI发生于中低收入国家,但是诊疗水平还有待提高。为减轻AKI的全球负担,国际肾脏病学会（International society of Nephrology,ISN）提出急性肾损伤＂0by25＂倡议,旨在实现至2025年无1例患者死于可预防的AKI。本文简要介绍此倡议,并结合我国AKI诊治现状，呼吁肾脏病学同仁重视此倡议。展开更多
对BT25Y合金电子束焊接样品进行700℃/2 h AC的退火处理和940℃/2 h AC+600℃/8 h AC的固溶+时效处理工艺,研究2种热处理工艺对合金焊接区域的组织和力学性能影响。结果表明,无热处理情况下,焊缝溶合区主要由α′马氏体构成,焊缝区硬度...对BT25Y合金电子束焊接样品进行700℃/2 h AC的退火处理和940℃/2 h AC+600℃/8 h AC的固溶+时效处理工艺,研究2种热处理工艺对合金焊接区域的组织和力学性能影响。结果表明,无热处理情况下,焊缝溶合区主要由α′马氏体构成,焊缝区硬度和强度明显高于基体。700℃/2 h AC退火处理后,焊缝区的α′马氏体转变为细小弥散的α相,焊缝区的硬度和强度高于基体,室温拉伸断裂发生在基体,焊接样品具有较差的高温持久性能。940℃/2 h AC+600℃/8 h AC的固溶+时效处理,焊缝熔合区的α′马氏体转变为尺寸较大的片层α相,并且沿原始凝固β晶界存在尺寸较大的连续或断续棒状α析出带,该析出带使得焊接样品在室温拉伸时沿焊缝发生脆性沿晶断裂,该热处理后合金具有较好的高温持久性能。展开更多
文摘Purpose–This paper aims to offer a novel viewpoint for improving performance and reliability by developing and optimizing suspension components in a Y25 bogie through material optimization based on wheel–rail interactions under variable load and track conditions.Design/methodology/approach–The suspension system,a critical component ensuring adaptation to road and load conditions in all vehicle types,is especially vital in heavy freight and passenger trains.In this context,the suspension set of the Y25 bogie–commonly used in T€urkiye and Europe–was modelled using CATIAV5,and stress analyses have been performed by way of ANSYS using the finite element analysis(FEA)method.E300-520-M cast steel was selected for the bogie frame,while two different spring steels,61SiCr7 and 51CrV4,were considered for the suspension springs.The modeled system was subjected to numerical analysis under loading conditions.The resulting stresses and displacements were compared with the mechanical properties of the selected materials to validate the design.Findings–The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and deformation characteristics of the suspension components vary according to the applied external loads.The stress and displacement responses of the system were found to be within the allowable limits of the selected materials,confirming the structural integrity and reliability of the design.The suspension set is deemed suitable for the prescribed material and environmental conditions,suggesting potential for practical application in real-world rail systems.Originality/value–This research contributes to the design and optimization of bogie suspension systems using advanced CAD/CAE tools.It thinks that the material selection and numerical validation approach presented here can guide future designs in heavy load rail applications and potentially improve both safety and performance.
文摘急性肾损伤（Acute kidney injury,AKI）是一个可预防和可治疗的临床综合征。目前85%的AKI发生于中低收入国家,但是诊疗水平还有待提高。为减轻AKI的全球负担,国际肾脏病学会（International society of Nephrology,ISN）提出急性肾损伤＂0by25＂倡议,旨在实现至2025年无1例患者死于可预防的AKI。本文简要介绍此倡议,并结合我国AKI诊治现状，呼吁肾脏病学同仁重视此倡议。
文摘对BT25Y合金电子束焊接样品进行700℃/2 h AC的退火处理和940℃/2 h AC+600℃/8 h AC的固溶+时效处理工艺,研究2种热处理工艺对合金焊接区域的组织和力学性能影响。结果表明,无热处理情况下,焊缝溶合区主要由α′马氏体构成,焊缝区硬度和强度明显高于基体。700℃/2 h AC退火处理后,焊缝区的α′马氏体转变为细小弥散的α相,焊缝区的硬度和强度高于基体,室温拉伸断裂发生在基体,焊接样品具有较差的高温持久性能。940℃/2 h AC+600℃/8 h AC的固溶+时效处理,焊缝熔合区的α′马氏体转变为尺寸较大的片层α相,并且沿原始凝固β晶界存在尺寸较大的连续或断续棒状α析出带,该析出带使得焊接样品在室温拉伸时沿焊缝发生脆性沿晶断裂,该热处理后合金具有较好的高温持久性能。
