This paper presents a new array structure for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrivals (DOAs). The structure is called Y-shaped array, which has 10% better accuracy potential than the newly-developed L-s...This paper presents a new array structure for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrivals (DOAs). The structure is called Y-shaped array, which has 10% better accuracy potential than the newly-developed L-shaped array. A great merit is its ability to estimate 2-D DOAs whichever directions the arriving signals come from, compared with L-shaped array whose performance depends on DOAs. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of the new array.展开更多
The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly a...The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.展开更多
The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional F...The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional Feature Network(MFNet)which is designed for NoS estimation by extracting features of the sampled received signals and Sampled Covariance Matrix(SCM).The MFNet treats the raw signal and the SCM as two different types of data,and is able to achieve NoS estimation under colored noise and imperfect array.MFNet employs the Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)to capture sequential information from the original signal data and to construct the Pseudo Covariance Matrix(PCM).Subsequently,various dimensional features,including eigenvalues and the Gerschgorin disk radius,are extracted from both the PCM and SCM,which are then jointly input into the subsequent network.An overall accuracy of 82%can be achieved after network training.The ablation experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple inputs.And simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFNet achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to existing algorithms and exhibits greater robustness against colored noise.展开更多
High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP g...High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.展开更多
Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior ...Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior regulation and adhesion measurement is developed.Micropillar arrays with high and low densities are designed to explore the role of substrate topography in the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In addition,a method is established for quantifying weak cell adhesion forces on the basis of micropillar deflections.The results show that cell cytoplasmic adhesion is greater on a low-density micropillar array than that on a high-density array and is localized mainly in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm rather than in pseudopods.It is also found that the micropillar array topography facilitates the oriented spreading of cell morphology and pseudopod formation,and a reduction in focal adhesion aggregation and F-actin polarization compared with a flat substrate.Notably,cells cultured on a low-density micropillar array exhibited a higher number of pseudopods,stronger adhesion forces,and greater stiffness compared with those on a high-density array.In summary,this work employs an adhesion force sensor,immunofluorescence staining,and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanical properties of cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which micropillar topographical cues regulate the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to the substrate.The micropillar array force sensor developed in this study provides an effective tool for simultaneously modulating cell behavior and quantifying adhesion forces,offering valuable insights for biomechanical research.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impac...Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impact that arise with traditional capacitive pressure sensors,this paper proposes an electrical double layer microarray capacitive pressure sensor using silver nanowires(AgNW)and ionic liquids.AgNW/polyimide(PI)flexible electrodes and microarray-structured ionic liquids are utilized to obtain highly sensitive responses to changes in weak physiological signals.The microarray structure is a 20×20 quadrangular prism convex array.Experimental tests show that the sensor has high sensitivity(3.1202 kPa^(−1),0–800 kPa)and fast response/recovery times(100/100 ms).By flexibly attaching the sensor to the skin or a computer mouse,rapid and stable monitoring of micromovements such as facial muscles,vocalization,swallowing,finger joint activity,and mouse clicks can be achieved.The results obtained here are of value for the development of intelligent flexible electronics.展开更多
Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interfere...Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interference immunity,acoustic stealth detection,and low cost,its short range restricts applicability.A target perturbation model under differential signal acquisition reveals that signal strength increases with local electric field intensity,target size,differential channel spacing,and conductivity contrast,but decreases with target-electrode distance.To extend detection,novel array configurations were explored.Simulations demonstrate that both rectangular and offset arrays significantly outperform the traditional collinear layout.Specifically,an offset array(with 8 m transmitting–receiving spacing)achieved an effective detection range enhancement exceeding 83%under the same distortion threshold while maintaining simplified electrode structure.Experimental validation confirmed a 100%increase in maximum detection distance to 5 m under identical noise thresholds compared to the collinear array.Furthermore,a fully connected neural network-based localization model achieved a mean positioning error of 14.12 cm at 3.15 m in static scenarios.In dynamic scenarios within 1–3 m,mean errors were controlled between 13.19 cm and 27.56 cm.Mechanistic analysis indicates that increasing the array baseline enhances the signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously suppressing near-field environmental noise and amplifying far-field signal reception.Structural innovations in array design enabled this study to significantly expand the detection range of AES systems without compromising cost efficiency.These advancements directly promote the engineering application of AES technology,offering critical technical support for underwater defense security monitoring,long-range early warning systems,and maritime rights protection.展开更多
Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional mult...Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional multi-branch convolutional networks suffer from computational redundancy,high memory access overhead,and inefficient branch fusion.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive multi-branch convolutional module(AMBC)that integrates software-hardware co-optimization.During training,the learnable fusion coefficients are introduced to enable adaptive fusion of multi-scale features,while in the inference phase,the multiple branches and their normalization parameters are merged with the fusion coefficients into a single 3×3 convolutional kernel through operator fusion.On the SIREA-288 reconfigurable platform,compared with unoptimized multi-branch networks,the proposed AMBC reduces external memory accesses by 47.91%and inference latency by 47.20%,achieving a 1.90×speedup.This approach maximizes the utilization of the reconfigurable logic while minimizing both reconfiguration and data-movement overheads in edge inference.展开更多
In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved cerami...In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.展开更多
The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and inten...The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt_(1)),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ_(5))and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.展开更多
To achieve high quality images from the sky by extending an existing interferometric array, in this work, the Geometrical Method (GM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Division Algorithm (DA) are compared. These methods ar...To achieve high quality images from the sky by extending an existing interferometric array, in this work, the Geometrical Method (GM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Division Algorithm (DA) are compared. These methods are each applied independently to an interferometer array starting from the same initial conditions. Using the GM method, the spiral configuration is suggested as an optimum arrangement that provides the desired u-v coverage with low side lobe levels (SLLs). Using the GA method, as the number of generations is increased, the unsampled cells are reduced, enhancing the imaging quality. As such, the algorithm improves the overlapped samples as it works with a greater number of generations. Moreover, the GA is able to suppress the SLL. Finally, the DA is applied to such an array. Results show that the DA is able to process the sampled data with less overlapping of the data in the snapshot observations, in comparison to the other discussed configurations in this paper;effectively the DA reduces the overlapped samples, such that it is more efficient than the GA. The configuration of antennas that arrives by applying the DA method can achieve a certain image quality with less overlapping, as compared to the configuration arriving by applying the GA method. The calculated SLLs for the DA configuration are used to demonstrate that the efficiency of the DA is potentially better than that of the GA. Moreover, the GA and DA algorithms discussed in this study are applied to an array of 10 antennas with coordinates that represent the antennas deployed in Malaysia. Results show that the DA can reduce the overlapping of the samples more efficiently than the GA for a 6-hour tracking observation and in terms of unsampled cells the DA has the same efficiency of the GA.展开更多
A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previ...A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previously.After admission to our hospital,gastroscopy and bronchoscopy revealed a fistulous communication between the posterior tracheal wallnear the carina and the upper residual stomach.We measured the diameter of the trachea and bronchus and determined the site and size of the fistula using multislice computed tomography and gastroscopy.A covered self-expanding Y-shaped metallic stent was implanted into the trachea and bronchus.Subsequently,the fistula was closed completely.The patient tolerated the stent well and had good palliation of his symptoms.展开更多
Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macr...Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride with poly（ethylene glycol） monomethyl ether （PEG）. The copolymers were obtained via the ATRP ofN-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） at 30℃ with CuCl/Me6TREN as a catalyst system and DMF/H2O （v/v = 3：1） mixture as solvent. The resulting copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and ^1H NMR. These block copolymers show controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions （PDI 〈 1.15）. Their phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy changes in aqueous solution were measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. As a result, the phase transition temperature of PEG45-b-（PNIPAM55）2 is higher than that of PNIPAM, however, the corresponding enthalpy change is much lower, indicating the significant influence of the macromolecular composition and architecture on the phase transition.展开更多
Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading path...Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading paths. Thickness distribution of formed Y-shaped tube was obtained. It is shown by numerical and experimental results that the transition regions are depressed in the forming condition of low inner pressure and wrinkles occur, while fracture occurs in the forming condition of high inner pressure. After forming, the thickness in left transition fillet region is the largest, that in fight transition fillet region is thinner, and the thinnest thickness is at the top of the protrusion. The original thickness line is below the top of the protrusion. The thinning area occurs above this line, while the thickening area is below this line. The maximum thinning rate is significantly increased as the calibration pressure increases, while the maximum thickening rate remains almost unchanged.展开更多
Fractal networks are widely applied in the field of heat and mass transfer. As one of the important parts of the fractal network, Y-shaped structure definitely has a significant impact on the performance of the whole ...Fractal networks are widely applied in the field of heat and mass transfer. As one of the important parts of the fractal network, Y-shaped structure definitely has a significant impact on the performance of the whole network. In this paper, the analytical relationship between Y-shaped microchannel geometry and its capillary flow time is established through theoretical analysis with mass continuity equation and Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations.The result reveals that the capillary flow time increases with the increase of the topology length and bifurcation angle of the Y-shaped microchannel, but decreases with the increase of the channel width.展开更多
We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the b...We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 （2010）]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.展开更多
Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's a...Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's and ЪерезанцевВГ's methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi's method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.展开更多
The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts a...The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a new array structure for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrivals (DOAs). The structure is called Y-shaped array, which has 10% better accuracy potential than the newly-developed L-shaped array. A great merit is its ability to estimate 2-D DOAs whichever directions the arriving signals come from, compared with L-shaped array whose performance depends on DOAs. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of the new array.
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0502900)special fund for Research on the National Major Research Instruments of China(62027824)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20314)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province in China(2022a05020028)the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province.
文摘The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171469,62071029)。
文摘The estimation of the Number of Sources(NoS)is a significant challenge in signal processing,particularly due to the impact of colored noise on the performance of NoS estimation.This paper proposes a Multidimensional Feature Network(MFNet)which is designed for NoS estimation by extracting features of the sampled received signals and Sampled Covariance Matrix(SCM).The MFNet treats the raw signal and the SCM as two different types of data,and is able to achieve NoS estimation under colored noise and imperfect array.MFNet employs the Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)to capture sequential information from the original signal data and to construct the Pseudo Covariance Matrix(PCM).Subsequently,various dimensional features,including eigenvalues and the Gerschgorin disk radius,are extracted from both the PCM and SCM,which are then jointly input into the subsequent network.An overall accuracy of 82%can be achieved after network training.The ablation experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple inputs.And simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFNet achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to existing algorithms and exhibits greater robustness against colored noise.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Talent Support Project of Hunan Province,China (2022TJ-N15)the Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (2024CX90 and 2024CX65)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China (2021NK1006)。
文摘High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32371471).
文摘Systematic understanding of the interaction between cells and their microenvironment is of wide interest.To investigate this interaction,a flexible micropillar array device integrating dual functions of cell behavior regulation and adhesion measurement is developed.Micropillar arrays with high and low densities are designed to explore the role of substrate topography in the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.In addition,a method is established for quantifying weak cell adhesion forces on the basis of micropillar deflections.The results show that cell cytoplasmic adhesion is greater on a low-density micropillar array than that on a high-density array and is localized mainly in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm rather than in pseudopods.It is also found that the micropillar array topography facilitates the oriented spreading of cell morphology and pseudopod formation,and a reduction in focal adhesion aggregation and F-actin polarization compared with a flat substrate.Notably,cells cultured on a low-density micropillar array exhibited a higher number of pseudopods,stronger adhesion forces,and greater stiffness compared with those on a high-density array.In summary,this work employs an adhesion force sensor,immunofluorescence staining,and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanical properties of cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which micropillar topographical cues regulate the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to the substrate.The micropillar array force sensor developed in this study provides an effective tool for simultaneously modulating cell behavior and quantifying adhesion forces,offering valuable insights for biomechanical research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
基金supported by the Natural Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.202103021223005 and 202203021212015)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan for Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(Grant No.2022L575)the Taiyuan University Level Scientific Research Project(Grant No.24TYZD04).
文摘Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in fields such as healthcare,owing to their simple preparation method,abundant raw materials,and high sensitivity.To solve the problems of low sensitivity and high noise impact that arise with traditional capacitive pressure sensors,this paper proposes an electrical double layer microarray capacitive pressure sensor using silver nanowires(AgNW)and ionic liquids.AgNW/polyimide(PI)flexible electrodes and microarray-structured ionic liquids are utilized to obtain highly sensitive responses to changes in weak physiological signals.The microarray structure is a 20×20 quadrangular prism convex array.Experimental tests show that the sensor has high sensitivity(3.1202 kPa^(−1),0–800 kPa)and fast response/recovery times(100/100 ms).By flexibly attaching the sensor to the skin or a computer mouse,rapid and stable monitoring of micromovements such as facial muscles,vocalization,swallowing,finger joint activity,and mouse clicks can be achieved.The results obtained here are of value for the development of intelligent flexible electronics.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62273075).
文摘Addressing the critical detection range limitation in active electrosensing(AES)for underwater sensing,this study proposes an enhanced AES system via novel array optimization.While AES offers advantages like interference immunity,acoustic stealth detection,and low cost,its short range restricts applicability.A target perturbation model under differential signal acquisition reveals that signal strength increases with local electric field intensity,target size,differential channel spacing,and conductivity contrast,but decreases with target-electrode distance.To extend detection,novel array configurations were explored.Simulations demonstrate that both rectangular and offset arrays significantly outperform the traditional collinear layout.Specifically,an offset array(with 8 m transmitting–receiving spacing)achieved an effective detection range enhancement exceeding 83%under the same distortion threshold while maintaining simplified electrode structure.Experimental validation confirmed a 100%increase in maximum detection distance to 5 m under identical noise thresholds compared to the collinear array.Furthermore,a fully connected neural network-based localization model achieved a mean positioning error of 14.12 cm at 3.15 m in static scenarios.In dynamic scenarios within 1–3 m,mean errors were controlled between 13.19 cm and 27.56 cm.Mechanistic analysis indicates that increasing the array baseline enhances the signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously suppressing near-field environmental noise and amplifying far-field signal reception.Structural innovations in array design enabled this study to significantly expand the detection range of AES systems without compromising cost efficiency.These advancements directly promote the engineering application of AES technology,offering critical technical support for underwater defense security monitoring,long-range early warning systems,and maritime rights protection.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2022ZD0119005)the Natural Science Project of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YBMS-754,2024JC-YBMS-539)。
文摘Reconfigurable array architecture has become an important hardware platform for edge-side deployment of convolutional neural networks due to their high parallelism and flexible programmability.However,traditional multi-branch convolutional networks suffer from computational redundancy,high memory access overhead,and inefficient branch fusion.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive multi-branch convolutional module(AMBC)that integrates software-hardware co-optimization.During training,the learnable fusion coefficients are introduced to enable adaptive fusion of multi-scale features,while in the inference phase,the multiple branches and their normalization parameters are merged with the fusion coefficients into a single 3×3 convolutional kernel through operator fusion.On the SIREA-288 reconfigurable platform,compared with unoptimized multi-branch networks,the proposed AMBC reduces external memory accesses by 47.91%and inference latency by 47.20%,achieving a 1.90×speedup.This approach maximizes the utilization of the reconfigurable logic while minimizing both reconfiguration and data-movement overheads in edge inference.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241205)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022JC-33,2023-GHZD-35,and 2024JC-ZDXM-25)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National 111 Project to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,(No.DQJB21B34).
文摘The Haicheng region,Liaoning,China,likely hosts a conjugate fault system comprising the NW-trending Haichenghe fault and NE-trending secondary faults.On February 4,1975,at 19:36 CST,an earthquake of M_(S)7.3 and intensity(MMI)IX hit the city of Haicheng,Liaoning,China.Although deep seismic profiling was previously conducted along the Haichenghe fault,the limited horizontal resolution in the shallow part prevented the recognition of kilometer-scale anomalies.The velocity structure characteristics of the Haichenghe fault and its NE-trending conjugate faults remain unclear.Using the extended range phase shift method,the high-resolution S-wave velocity structures are obtained by deploying a long,dense linear array of 55 short-period seismometers across the fault and NE-trending conjugate faults.The array length was 32 km and inter-station spacing was approximately 600 m,facilitating the collection of approximately 22 days of continuous waveform data.Employing the Extended Range Phase Shift(ERPS)method enabled the extraction of broadband 0.2–5 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves.The broadband dispersion data were used for inversion of the high-resolution S-wave velocity structure to a depth of 8 km from the surface.The velocity structure characteristics and seismicity of the Haichenghe fault and NE-trending conjugate faults were analyzed and compared with nearby fault gas measurements.Results show(1)shallow S-wave velocities show a low-high-low horizontal distribution,corresponding to basin-uplift-basin topography;(2)significant velocity contrasts occur across the Haichenghe fault:its SW segment(0–17 km)exhibits high velocities consistent with Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement(Pt_(1)),while the NE segment(17–32 km)shows low velocities related to Yanshanian intrusions(γ_(5))and Quaternary sediments.NE-trending conjugate faults display sharp velocity gradients marking fracture locations,with all faults being near-vertical to~8 km depth;(3)seismicity at 1–6 km depth mainly clusters in high-velocity zones;at 6–8 km depth,it concentrates beneath the Haichenghe fault in low-velocity areas and along NE-trending faults;(4)the seismic activity characteristics and fault zone width of the Haicheng he fault reflected by velocity imaging results are basically consistent with those obtained by the fault gas measurement method.
文摘To achieve high quality images from the sky by extending an existing interferometric array, in this work, the Geometrical Method (GM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Division Algorithm (DA) are compared. These methods are each applied independently to an interferometer array starting from the same initial conditions. Using the GM method, the spiral configuration is suggested as an optimum arrangement that provides the desired u-v coverage with low side lobe levels (SLLs). Using the GA method, as the number of generations is increased, the unsampled cells are reduced, enhancing the imaging quality. As such, the algorithm improves the overlapped samples as it works with a greater number of generations. Moreover, the GA is able to suppress the SLL. Finally, the DA is applied to such an array. Results show that the DA is able to process the sampled data with less overlapping of the data in the snapshot observations, in comparison to the other discussed configurations in this paper;effectively the DA reduces the overlapped samples, such that it is more efficient than the GA. The configuration of antennas that arrives by applying the DA method can achieve a certain image quality with less overlapping, as compared to the configuration arriving by applying the GA method. The calculated SLLs for the DA configuration are used to demonstrate that the efficiency of the DA is potentially better than that of the GA. Moreover, the GA and DA algorithms discussed in this study are applied to an array of 10 antennas with coordinates that represent the antennas deployed in Malaysia. Results show that the DA can reduce the overlapping of the samples more efficiently than the GA for a 6-hour tracking observation and in terms of unsampled cells the DA has the same efficiency of the GA.
文摘A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previously.After admission to our hospital,gastroscopy and bronchoscopy revealed a fistulous communication between the posterior tracheal wallnear the carina and the upper residual stomach.We measured the diameter of the trachea and bronchus and determined the site and size of the fistula using multislice computed tomography and gastroscopy.A covered self-expanding Y-shaped metallic stent was implanted into the trachea and bronchus.Subsequently,the fistula was closed completely.The patient tolerated the stent well and had good palliation of his symptoms.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20134020)the Visiting Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China(No.20081001)the Science Research Fund of Shandong Jiaotong University of China(No.Z200802)
文摘Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride with poly（ethylene glycol） monomethyl ether （PEG）. The copolymers were obtained via the ATRP ofN-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） at 30℃ with CuCl/Me6TREN as a catalyst system and DMF/H2O （v/v = 3：1） mixture as solvent. The resulting copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and ^1H NMR. These block copolymers show controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions （PDI 〈 1.15）. Their phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy changes in aqueous solution were measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. As a result, the phase transition temperature of PEG45-b-（PNIPAM55）2 is higher than that of PNIPAM, however, the corresponding enthalpy change is much lower, indicating the significant influence of the macromolecular composition and architecture on the phase transition.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50525516)
文摘Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading paths. Thickness distribution of formed Y-shaped tube was obtained. It is shown by numerical and experimental results that the transition regions are depressed in the forming condition of low inner pressure and wrinkles occur, while fracture occurs in the forming condition of high inner pressure. After forming, the thickness in left transition fillet region is the largest, that in fight transition fillet region is thinner, and the thinnest thickness is at the top of the protrusion. The original thickness line is below the top of the protrusion. The thinning area occurs above this line, while the thickening area is below this line. The maximum thinning rate is significantly increased as the calibration pressure increases, while the maximum thickening rate remains almost unchanged.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375169)
文摘Fractal networks are widely applied in the field of heat and mass transfer. As one of the important parts of the fractal network, Y-shaped structure definitely has a significant impact on the performance of the whole network. In this paper, the analytical relationship between Y-shaped microchannel geometry and its capillary flow time is established through theoretical analysis with mass continuity equation and Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations.The result reveals that the capillary flow time increases with the increase of the topology length and bifurcation angle of the Y-shaped microchannel, but decreases with the increase of the channel width.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50921002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2010LKWL09)
文摘We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 （2010）]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.
文摘Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's and ЪерезанцевВГ's methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi's method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11172060 and11672065)
文摘The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.
