Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD...Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.展开更多
Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostri...Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in LC was recorded by extracellular single unit recording. Results The firing rate of LC noradrenergic neurons increased sig...展开更多
The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible rea...The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible reaction. In the former two families, the S loci have been shown to be located near centromere. However, the chromosomal location of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a species of the Scrophulariaceae, is not known. To determine its chromosomal location and genomic organization, an S-2 RNase gene and its corresponding 63 kb BAC clone were separately used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a self-incompatible Antirrhinum line Of S2S5. The results showed that the S-2 RNase detected a doublet signal near the centromere of the smallest chromosome (2n = 16). Two separate doublet signals of the tested BAC sequence were shown on both sides of the centromeres of all eight pairs of the chromosomes, suggesting that the Antirrhinum S locus is located in a pericentromeric region. Furthermore, a retrotransposon, named RIS1 (retrotransposon in the S locus), which has not been identified yet in. Antirrhinum, was found next to S-2 RNase. Taken together, the centromeric location of the S locus from the three S-RNase-based self-incompatible families provides a further support on a common origin of their evolution as well as suppressed recombination.展开更多
There are many kinds of swimming mode in the fish world, and we investigated two of them, used by cyprinids and bulltrout. In this paper we track the locomotion locus by marks in different flow velocity from 0.2 m...There are many kinds of swimming mode in the fish world, and we investigated two of them, used by cyprinids and bulltrout. In this paper we track the locomotion locus by marks in different flow velocity from 0.2 m·s^-1 to 0.8 m·s^-1. By fit the data above we could find out the locomotion mechanism of the two kinds of fish and generate a mathematical model of fish kine- matics. The cyprinid fish has a greater oscillation period and amplitude compared with the bulltrout, and the bulltrout changes velocity mainly by controlling frequency of oscillation.展开更多
The waxy （wx） locus of Zea mays L. encodes a granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS I = waxy protein） required for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm and pollen grain. This review covers recent advances in underst...The waxy （wx） locus of Zea mays L. encodes a granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS I = waxy protein） required for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm and pollen grain. This review covers recent advances in understanding the waxy locus in maize, focusing particularly on the new information on mutant type and mutation mechanisms. The results showed that the insertion and deletion played an important role in the generation of spontaneous wx-mutations. The current status of utilizing waxy locus has been summarized and the perspectives of the further studies on this locus have also been proposed.展开更多
Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight and a trait having important impact on grain quality in rice. The objective of this study is to detect QTLs for grain size in rice and identify important QTLs that hav...Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight and a trait having important impact on grain quality in rice. The objective of this study is to detect QTLs for grain size in rice and identify important QTLs that have not been well characterized before. The QTL mapping was first performed using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from indica rice crosses Teqing/IRBB lines, Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46, Xieqingzao/Milyang 46. Fourteen QTLs for grain length and 10 QTLs for grain width were detected, including seven shared by two populations and 17 found in one population. Three of the seven com- mon QTLs were found to coincide in position with those that have been cloned and the four others remained to be clarified. One of them, qGSIO located in the interval RM6100-RM228 on the long arm of chromosome 10, was validated using F2：3 populations and near isogenic lines derived from residual heterozygotes for the interval RM6100-RM228. The QTL was found to have a considerable effect on grain size and grain weight, and a small effect on grain number. This region was also previously detected for quality traits in rice in a number of studies, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.展开更多
Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a key component of grain yield in rice. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGW1.2a, a quantitative trait locus for grain weight and grain size previously located in a 933...Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a key component of grain yield in rice. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGW1.2a, a quantitative trait locus for grain weight and grain size previously located in a 933.6-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Firstly, three residual heterozygotes (RHs) were selected from a BC2F11 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)///ZS97//ZS97/Milyang 46. The heterozygous segments in these RHs were arranged successively in physical positions, forming one set of sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs). In each of the populations derived, non-recombinant homozygotes were identified to produce near isogenic lines (NILs) comprising the two homozygous genotypes. The NILs were tested for grain weight, grain length and grain width. QTL analyses for the three traits were performed. Then, the updated QTL location was followed for a new run of SeqRHs identification-NIL development-QTL mapping. Altogether, 11 NIL populations derived from four sets of SeqRHs were developed and used. qTGW1.2a was finally delimitated into a 77.5-kb region containing 13 annotated genes. In the six populations segregating this QTL, which were in four generations and were tested across four years, the allelic direction of qTGW1.2a remained consistent and the genetic effects were stable. For TGW, the additive effects ranged from 0.23 to 0.38 g and the proportions of phenotypic variance explained ranged from 26.15% to 41.65%. These results provide a good foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of qTGW1.2a.展开更多
为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生...为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生物信息技术,分析了核桃JrFT基因的结构与表达,预测了JrFT基因的功能。结果表明:核桃JrFT基因在‘极早丰’与‘新早丰’3个时期的雌、雄花芽中均有表达;在不同时期同一花芽JrFT基因的表达量有所差异;在同一时期,JrFT基因在雌花中的表达量明显高于雄花,在‘新早丰’雄花中的表达量高于在‘极早丰’雄花中的表达量。克隆获得了JrFT基因的CDS序列,其长度为525 bp,编码174个氨基酸,含有高度保守的PEBP蛋白结构域。在NCBI数据库进行Blast比对显示:核桃JrFT基因与其他木本植物FT同源基因的相似性较高,可达到80%以上;JrFT蛋白与其他植物FT蛋白的相似性也很高。系统进化分析也同样说明JrFT基因属于PEBP家族基因。因此推测JrFT基因可能在核桃开花进程中具有一定的促进作用。展开更多
Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flower...Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.展开更多
As the junction of floral development pathways,the FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)protein called‘florigen’plays an important role in the process of plant flowering through signal integration.We isolated four transcripts encod...As the junction of floral development pathways,the FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)protein called‘florigen’plays an important role in the process of plant flowering through signal integration.We isolated four transcripts encoding different isoforms of a FT orthologous gene CmFTL1,from Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar‘Jimba’.Sequence alignments suggested that the four transcripts are related to the intron 1.Expression analysis showed that four alternative splicing(AS)forms of CmFTL1 varied depending on the developmental stage of the flower.The functional complement experiment using an Arabidopsis mutant ft-10 revealed that the archetypal and AS forms of CmFTL1 had the function of complementing late flower phenotype in different levels.In addition,transgenic confirmation at transcript level showed CmFTL1 and CmFTL1ast coexist in the same tissue type at the same developmental stage,indicating a post-transcriptional modification of CmFTL1 in Arabidopsis.Moreover,ectopic expression of different AS forms in chrysanthemum resulted in the development of multiple altered phenotypes,varying degrees of early flowering.We found that an alternative splicing form(CmFTL1-astE134)without the exon 2 lacked the ability causing the earlier flower phenotype.The evidence in this study indicates that complex alternative processing of CmFTL1 transcripts in C.morifolium may be associated with flowering regulation and hold some potential for biotechnical engineering to create early-flowering phenotypes in ornamental cultivars.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of health locus of control(HLC)and hope between stroke patients’social support and self-management.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of...Objective:This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of health locus of control(HLC)and hope between stroke patients’social support and self-management.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 300 Chinese stroke patients were recruited by convenient sampling from the acupuncture department of two Chinese Traditional Medical Hospitals in Tianjin Province from June to September 2018.The self-report questionnaires include Social Support Assessment Scale,Herth Hope Index,Mental Health Locus of Control Scale,Stroke Self-management Behavior Scale,and personal information questionnaires.All the survey data were entered in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program.Mediation was tested with Bootstrapping in AMOS 23.0 program.Results:The result showed that internal health locus of control(IHLC),chance health locus of control(CHLC)and hope were the mediators between social support and self-management.The direct,indirect,and total effects of social support on self-management behavior were 0.306 (P<0.01),0.109(P<0.01),and 0.415(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusions:Social support can directly influence self-management,and it can also indirectly influence self-management through IHLC,CHLC,and hope.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130004 and LQ24C130008)。
文摘Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technological Program of Shaanxi Province,China (No. 2007K15-G1).
文摘Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in LC was recorded by extracellular single unit recording. Results The firing rate of LC noradrenergic neurons increased sig...
文摘The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible reaction. In the former two families, the S loci have been shown to be located near centromere. However, the chromosomal location of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a species of the Scrophulariaceae, is not known. To determine its chromosomal location and genomic organization, an S-2 RNase gene and its corresponding 63 kb BAC clone were separately used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a self-incompatible Antirrhinum line Of S2S5. The results showed that the S-2 RNase detected a doublet signal near the centromere of the smallest chromosome (2n = 16). Two separate doublet signals of the tested BAC sequence were shown on both sides of the centromeres of all eight pairs of the chromosomes, suggesting that the Antirrhinum S locus is located in a pericentromeric region. Furthermore, a retrotransposon, named RIS1 (retrotransposon in the S locus), which has not been identified yet in. Antirrhinum, was found next to S-2 RNase. Taken together, the centromeric location of the S locus from the three S-RNase-based self-incompatible families provides a further support on a common origin of their evolution as well as suppressed recombination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50579007)
文摘There are many kinds of swimming mode in the fish world, and we investigated two of them, used by cyprinids and bulltrout. In this paper we track the locomotion locus by marks in different flow velocity from 0.2 m·s^-1 to 0.8 m·s^-1. By fit the data above we could find out the locomotion mechanism of the two kinds of fish and generate a mathematical model of fish kine- matics. The cyprinid fish has a greater oscillation period and amplitude compared with the bulltrout, and the bulltrout changes velocity mainly by controlling frequency of oscillation.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program,2008AA10Z123)
文摘The waxy （wx） locus of Zea mays L. encodes a granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS I = waxy protein） required for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm and pollen grain. This review covers recent advances in understanding the waxy locus in maize, focusing particularly on the new information on mutant type and mutation mechanisms. The results showed that the insertion and deletion played an important role in the generation of spontaneous wx-mutations. The current status of utilizing waxy locus has been summarized and the perspectives of the further studies on this locus have also been proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521064)the Chinese 863 Program (2014AA10A603)project of the China National Rice Research Institute (2014RG003-1)
文摘Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight and a trait having important impact on grain quality in rice. The objective of this study is to detect QTLs for grain size in rice and identify important QTLs that have not been well characterized before. The QTL mapping was first performed using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from indica rice crosses Teqing/IRBB lines, Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46, Xieqingzao/Milyang 46. Fourteen QTLs for grain length and 10 QTLs for grain width were detected, including seven shared by two populations and 17 found in one population. Three of the seven com- mon QTLs were found to coincide in position with those that have been cloned and the four others remained to be clarified. One of them, qGSIO located in the interval RM6100-RM228 on the long arm of chromosome 10, was validated using F2：3 populations and near isogenic lines derived from residual heterozygotes for the interval RM6100-RM228. The QTL was found to have a considerable effect on grain size and grain weight, and a small effect on grain number. This region was also previously detected for quality traits in rice in a number of studies, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFD0100305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31521064)a project of the China National Rice Research Institute (Grant No. 2017RG001-2)
文摘Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a key component of grain yield in rice. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGW1.2a, a quantitative trait locus for grain weight and grain size previously located in a 933.6-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Firstly, three residual heterozygotes (RHs) were selected from a BC2F11 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)///ZS97//ZS97/Milyang 46. The heterozygous segments in these RHs were arranged successively in physical positions, forming one set of sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs). In each of the populations derived, non-recombinant homozygotes were identified to produce near isogenic lines (NILs) comprising the two homozygous genotypes. The NILs were tested for grain weight, grain length and grain width. QTL analyses for the three traits were performed. Then, the updated QTL location was followed for a new run of SeqRHs identification-NIL development-QTL mapping. Altogether, 11 NIL populations derived from four sets of SeqRHs were developed and used. qTGW1.2a was finally delimitated into a 77.5-kb region containing 13 annotated genes. In the six populations segregating this QTL, which were in four generations and were tested across four years, the allelic direction of qTGW1.2a remained consistent and the genetic effects were stable. For TGW, the additive effects ranged from 0.23 to 0.38 g and the proportions of phenotypic variance explained ranged from 26.15% to 41.65%. These results provide a good foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of qTGW1.2a.
文摘为了了解核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T(JrFT)基因在核桃雌雄异熟开花机制中的作用,以核桃雌先型品种‘极早丰’与雄先型品种‘新早丰’在3个时期(2月6日、3月21日及4月7日)的雌、雄花芽为试验材料,结合荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、RT-PCR扩增、生物信息技术,分析了核桃JrFT基因的结构与表达,预测了JrFT基因的功能。结果表明:核桃JrFT基因在‘极早丰’与‘新早丰’3个时期的雌、雄花芽中均有表达;在不同时期同一花芽JrFT基因的表达量有所差异;在同一时期,JrFT基因在雌花中的表达量明显高于雄花,在‘新早丰’雄花中的表达量高于在‘极早丰’雄花中的表达量。克隆获得了JrFT基因的CDS序列,其长度为525 bp,编码174个氨基酸,含有高度保守的PEBP蛋白结构域。在NCBI数据库进行Blast比对显示:核桃JrFT基因与其他木本植物FT同源基因的相似性较高,可达到80%以上;JrFT蛋白与其他植物FT蛋白的相似性也很高。系统进化分析也同样说明JrFT基因属于PEBP家族基因。因此推测JrFT基因可能在核桃开花进程中具有一定的促进作用。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371703 and 31570289)
文摘Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.
基金This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372100)‘Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents’of Jiangsu Province,the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘As the junction of floral development pathways,the FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)protein called‘florigen’plays an important role in the process of plant flowering through signal integration.We isolated four transcripts encoding different isoforms of a FT orthologous gene CmFTL1,from Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar‘Jimba’.Sequence alignments suggested that the four transcripts are related to the intron 1.Expression analysis showed that four alternative splicing(AS)forms of CmFTL1 varied depending on the developmental stage of the flower.The functional complement experiment using an Arabidopsis mutant ft-10 revealed that the archetypal and AS forms of CmFTL1 had the function of complementing late flower phenotype in different levels.In addition,transgenic confirmation at transcript level showed CmFTL1 and CmFTL1ast coexist in the same tissue type at the same developmental stage,indicating a post-transcriptional modification of CmFTL1 in Arabidopsis.Moreover,ectopic expression of different AS forms in chrysanthemum resulted in the development of multiple altered phenotypes,varying degrees of early flowering.We found that an alternative splicing form(CmFTL1-astE134)without the exon 2 lacked the ability causing the earlier flower phenotype.The evidence in this study indicates that complex alternative processing of CmFTL1 transcripts in C.morifolium may be associated with flowering regulation and hold some potential for biotechnical engineering to create early-flowering phenotypes in ornamental cultivars.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of health locus of control(HLC)and hope between stroke patients’social support and self-management.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 300 Chinese stroke patients were recruited by convenient sampling from the acupuncture department of two Chinese Traditional Medical Hospitals in Tianjin Province from June to September 2018.The self-report questionnaires include Social Support Assessment Scale,Herth Hope Index,Mental Health Locus of Control Scale,Stroke Self-management Behavior Scale,and personal information questionnaires.All the survey data were entered in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program.Mediation was tested with Bootstrapping in AMOS 23.0 program.Results:The result showed that internal health locus of control(IHLC),chance health locus of control(CHLC)and hope were the mediators between social support and self-management.The direct,indirect,and total effects of social support on self-management behavior were 0.306 (P<0.01),0.109(P<0.01),and 0.415(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusions:Social support can directly influence self-management,and it can also indirectly influence self-management through IHLC,CHLC,and hope.
