The fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)is the causal agent of wheat stripe rust which constitutes a major limitation to wheat production.Cloning and applying disease-resistant genes are considered as an effe...The fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)is the causal agent of wheat stripe rust which constitutes a major limitation to wheat production.Cloning and applying disease-resistant genes are considered as an effective solution.Chinese wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104(XZ9104)has exhibited durable resistance across multiple environments since its release.Through quantitative trait loci(QTL)analysis,eight QTL were found on chromosome arms 1BS,1BL,2AL,2BL,3BS,4BL,5BL and 7BL.YrXZ identified as 1RS.1BL translocation conferred race-specific all-stage resistance to Pst race CYR23.QYrxz.nwafu-1BL.6 and QYrxz.nwafu-3BS.7 were considered as the adult plant resistance genes Yr29 and Yr30,respectively.Notably,QYrxz.nwafu-2BL.5 accounted for 15.75-47.63%of the phenotypic variation across diverse environments and its pyramiding with Yr29 and Yr30 can confer high level of resistance.Other QTL were environment-dependent with minor effects.To clone the above resistance genes,we created a population of over 2,000 M5 mutants in XZ9104 using ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis and screened various types of susceptible mutants.Using the MutIsoseq approach with five mutant lines susceptible to race CYR23,we rapid isolated a candidate gene for YrXZ encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR)protein.Integrating cytological analysis,gene-based association analysis,transcriptomic profiling and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),we confirmed that the causal gene for YrXZ was indeed Yr9.This study demonstrated that multiple QTL with different effects contributed to the durable resistance in XZ9104.Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in plant defense can inform future strategies for deploying resistance gene and engineering of genetic resistance against evolving diseases.展开更多
Detailed REE geochemical studies of the Xingzi Group metasedimentary rocks at Lushan and rock-forming minerals such as garnet have been conducted and the results show that the REEs are partly present in the rock-formi...Detailed REE geochemical studies of the Xingzi Group metasedimentary rocks at Lushan and rock-forming minerals such as garnet have been conducted and the results show that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs reached partition equilibrium between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REE compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, U-Th and Y-Ho have also experienced remarkable fractionation with respect to the metamorphic rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Xingzi Group.展开更多
METAMORPHIC fluids, an important type of the ore-forming fluids within the Earth’ s crust, are the necessary materials for metamorphic hydrothermal ore formation. Their direct products are varieties of synmetamorphic...METAMORPHIC fluids, an important type of the ore-forming fluids within the Earth’ s crust, are the necessary materials for metamorphic hydrothermal ore formation. Their direct products are varieties of synmetamorphic veins occurring in metamorphic rocks’. Studies on the genesis of these veins can be availablefor investigating the source material and formation processes of metamorphic hydrothermal deposit. Previous studies on metamorphic veins have focused mainly on their mineralogical, major elemental and oxygenisotopic compositions, and two different hypotheses have been advanced to account for metamorphicvein genesis. In this paper, we use rare-earth elemental method, together with field geological andpetrologic studies, to inquire into the origin of synmetamorphic veins occurring in Xingzi Group ofLushan, southeast China.展开更多
基金supported financially by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1401000)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(ProgramNo.2024NC2-GJHX-36)+1 种基金Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023-CX-TD-56)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3).
文摘The fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)is the causal agent of wheat stripe rust which constitutes a major limitation to wheat production.Cloning and applying disease-resistant genes are considered as an effective solution.Chinese wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104(XZ9104)has exhibited durable resistance across multiple environments since its release.Through quantitative trait loci(QTL)analysis,eight QTL were found on chromosome arms 1BS,1BL,2AL,2BL,3BS,4BL,5BL and 7BL.YrXZ identified as 1RS.1BL translocation conferred race-specific all-stage resistance to Pst race CYR23.QYrxz.nwafu-1BL.6 and QYrxz.nwafu-3BS.7 were considered as the adult plant resistance genes Yr29 and Yr30,respectively.Notably,QYrxz.nwafu-2BL.5 accounted for 15.75-47.63%of the phenotypic variation across diverse environments and its pyramiding with Yr29 and Yr30 can confer high level of resistance.Other QTL were environment-dependent with minor effects.To clone the above resistance genes,we created a population of over 2,000 M5 mutants in XZ9104 using ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis and screened various types of susceptible mutants.Using the MutIsoseq approach with five mutant lines susceptible to race CYR23,we rapid isolated a candidate gene for YrXZ encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR)protein.Integrating cytological analysis,gene-based association analysis,transcriptomic profiling and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),we confirmed that the causal gene for YrXZ was indeed Yr9.This study demonstrated that multiple QTL with different effects contributed to the durable resistance in XZ9104.Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in plant defense can inform future strategies for deploying resistance gene and engineering of genetic resistance against evolving diseases.
基金Project supported jointly by the Outstanding Youth Foundation (Grant No. 49625304)the Ministry of Science and Tech nology of China (Grant No. 95-Pre-39).
文摘Detailed REE geochemical studies of the Xingzi Group metasedimentary rocks at Lushan and rock-forming minerals such as garnet have been conducted and the results show that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs reached partition equilibrium between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REE compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, U-Th and Y-Ho have also experienced remarkable fractionation with respect to the metamorphic rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Xingzi Group.
文摘METAMORPHIC fluids, an important type of the ore-forming fluids within the Earth’ s crust, are the necessary materials for metamorphic hydrothermal ore formation. Their direct products are varieties of synmetamorphic veins occurring in metamorphic rocks’. Studies on the genesis of these veins can be availablefor investigating the source material and formation processes of metamorphic hydrothermal deposit. Previous studies on metamorphic veins have focused mainly on their mineralogical, major elemental and oxygenisotopic compositions, and two different hypotheses have been advanced to account for metamorphicvein genesis. In this paper, we use rare-earth elemental method, together with field geological andpetrologic studies, to inquire into the origin of synmetamorphic veins occurring in Xingzi Group ofLushan, southeast China.
