Objective To analyze the basic characteristics,drug features,prescription rules,and drug-symptom relationships of patients in the splenic deficiency and impairment stage,by data mining of medical records under the New...Objective To analyze the basic characteristics,drug features,prescription rules,and drug-symptom relationships of patients in the splenic deficiency and impairment stage,by data mining of medical records under the New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome(Pi Dan Xin Lun,《脾瘅新论》).Methods Medical records listed in the“New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome-Under-standing and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,and which were diagnosed with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic de-ficiency and impairment stage,during January 2004 and December 2016 were selected.These patients’data,including basic information,clinical symptoms,laboratory examination res-ults,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine diagnoses,treatment meth-ods,prescriptions,etc.,were collected.The collected data were subsequently compiled into a medical record database using the Epidata 3.1 data management software,followed by the use of Apriori algorithm provided in the SPSS Modeler 14.2 statistical software to investigate the association rules between drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-western medicine indices.Results(i)A total of 51 medical records were included,involving 17 types of syndromes.Among them,the top three with frequency≥3 included“Phlegm and blood stasis,and thoracic obstruction”“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collat-erals”,and“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collaterals”.Al-ternatively,of the 14 treatment methods,the top three treatments with frequency of≥3 in-cluded“Activating Yang and eliminating turbidity,and removing phlegm and dredging chan-nel blockage”“Strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi,and eliminating phlegm to activ-ate the channels”,and“Warming Yang and benefiting Qi,and expelling cold to remove ob-structions”.Among the 15 prescriptions,the top three used with frequency≥3 included Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang(黄芪桂枝五物汤),Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang(瓜蒌薤白半夏汤),and Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Tang(干姜黄芩黄连人参汤).Lastly,of the 83 drugs used for a total of 476 times,those with frequency≥15 included Huanglian(Coptid-is Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Jiudahuang(Wine-processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma),Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis),Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix),and Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus).(ii)For the drug-drug associations,under the criteria of support≥15%and confidence=100%,seven second-order association rules,seven third-order rules,and six fourth-order roles were identified.The top-ranking rule of each was“Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”“Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”,and“Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba)+Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatho-lobi Caulis)→Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)”,respectively.Alternatively,the drug-symptom associations were analyzed under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,which derived eight second-order association rules,31 third-order rules,and 30 fourth-order rules.The top-ranking association rule of each order was“Huangqi(Astragali Radix)→Limb ed-ema”“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)→Limb numbness and pain”,and“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)+Huangqi(As-tragali Radix)→Limb numbness and pain”,respectively.Similarly,the drug-western medi-cine index associations were investigated under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,and five second-order association rules,16 third-order rules,and 16 fourth-order rules were identified.In this category,the top-ranking association rule of each order was“Qinpi(Fraxini Cortex)→Uric acid”“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)→Glycated hemoglobin”,and“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zing-iberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Glycated hemoglobin”,respectively.Conclusion Through association rule mining,this study objectively and quantitatively demonstrated the drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-physicochemical index associations of patients with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic deficiency and impairment stage treated by Academician TONG Xiaolin.The results indicated that treatment for these patients adopted the“state-target”syndrome differentiation method.The drug combination was characterized by“small prescriptions”,targeting both the patient’s symptoms and signs(syndrome target)and western medicine indices(treatment target).This study could provide references for future research on the academic thoughts and medical experience of Academi-cian TONG Xiaolin.展开更多
With the advantages of less toxicity and side effects, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is showing a bright future with a good clinical practice. Chinese herbal medicine, which usually contains various active ingredi...With the advantages of less toxicity and side effects, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is showing a bright future with a good clinical practice. Chinese herbal medicine, which usually contains various active ingredients, could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Professor Tong Xiaolin has accumulated abundant experience during many years of clinical practice and applies Rhizoma Coptidis(RC) well with the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Rhizoma coptidis is a classical natural herb which is used frequently by professor Tong Xiaolin. In this review, we summarize Tong Xiaolin's clinical experience of applying Rhizoma Coptidis(Huang Lian) in the treatment of disease from two aspects as well as introducing some traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, with a prospect of guiding clinician to use RC more suitably and reasonably.展开更多
President Li Xiaolin met with Kentucky Governor Matthew Bevin on Nov 9 in Beijing.Li expressed her appreciation of Bevin’s visit as the only US governor to come to China during the midterm election season and for his...President Li Xiaolin met with Kentucky Governor Matthew Bevin on Nov 9 in Beijing.Li expressed her appreciation of Bevin’s visit as the only US governor to come to China during the midterm election season and for his attendance at the First China International Import Expo.展开更多
Respected President Lakis,Respected legislative leaders of provinces and states,Ladies, gentlemen and friends,Good morning. Now it is the time of the year when autumn changes into winter and the weather gradually cool...Respected President Lakis,Respected legislative leaders of provinces and states,Ladies, gentlemen and friends,Good morning. Now it is the time of the year when autumn changes into winter and the weather gradually cools down. In the meantime, the China-US relationship is also experiencing a downturn with quite some difficulties.展开更多
During her visit to the Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum in Yamanashi prefecture of Japan,President Li Xiaolin of the CPAFFC met with the prefecture’s Governor Kotaro Nagasaki,former Commissioner for Cultural Affairs M...During her visit to the Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum in Yamanashi prefecture of Japan,President Li Xiaolin of the CPAFFC met with the prefecture’s Governor Kotaro Nagasaki,former Commissioner for Cultural Affairs Masanori Aoyagi and curator Toko Hirayama of the Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum on Nov 16.展开更多
Dear President Deb Peters,Distinguished members of NCSL Executive Committee,Ladies and gentlemen,Good afternoon.It is my great pleasure to attend the NCSL Summit again.I am always happy to be in LA,since I studied at ...Dear President Deb Peters,Distinguished members of NCSL Executive Committee,Ladies and gentlemen,Good afternoon.It is my great pleasure to attend the NCSL Summit again.I am always happy to be in LA,since I studied at UCLA for my master’s degree in the early 1980s.展开更多
On 28th July,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Ms Barbara Woodward,British Ambassador to China in the ambassador’s residence.The two sides have e...On 28th July,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Ms Barbara Woodward,British Ambassador to China in the ambassador’s residence.The two sides have extensively exchanged views on the Second China-UK Regional Leaders Meeting,the展开更多
On Jan17,Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with a delegation of the Cambodia-Hefei Friendship Association led by President Ouk Socheth.Li extended a warm welcome to Ouk,noting that this year marks the6...On Jan17,Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with a delegation of the Cambodia-Hefei Friendship Association led by President Ouk Socheth.Li extended a warm welcome to Ouk,noting that this year marks the60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cambodia.She expressed hope that the two sides will展开更多
Aceremony was held in Beijing on Jan 19 to mark the signing of the agreement for China Isotope&Radiation Corp(CIRC)and MASEP Medical Science Technology Development(Shenzhen)Co to donate a gamma knife to the China ...Aceremony was held in Beijing on Jan 19 to mark the signing of the agreement for China Isotope&Radiation Corp(CIRC)and MASEP Medical Science Technology Development(Shenzhen)Co to donate a gamma knife to the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development.Attending were Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC and展开更多
Co-hosted by the Chinese Peoples’Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,the French Essilor Vision Foundation(FFVE),Secours Populaire Francais(SPF)and the Xingxian county People’s Government in Lyuliang,Sh...Co-hosted by the Chinese Peoples’Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,the French Essilor Vision Foundation(FFVE),Secours Populaire Francais(SPF)and the Xingxian county People’s Government in Lyuliang,Shanxi province,the launching ceremony of the poverty alleviation program'Bright Sight,Viewing展开更多
On Oct 12,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Lord Powell,member of the House of Lords of the UK Parliament.The two sides extensively exchanged view...On Oct 12,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Lord Powell,member of the House of Lords of the UK Parliament.The two sides extensively exchanged views on China-UK exchanges and cooperation,the China-UK Regional Leaders Summit and other展开更多
On May 14,CPAFFC President Li Xiaolin,Vice-President Lin Yi and Vice-President Song Jingwu attended the opening ceremony and high-level plenary meeting of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.At the s...On May 14,CPAFFC President Li Xiaolin,Vice-President Lin Yi and Vice-President Song Jingwu attended the opening ceremony and high-level plenary meeting of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.At the same time,they held meetings themed'People-to-People Connectivity'.Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the opening cer-展开更多
On Oct 16,President Li Xiaolin met with Mamadou Ndiaye,the new ambassador of Senegal to China.Li congratulated Ambassador Ndiaye on his new job and recalled with pleasure her visit to Senegal in2012.While briefing Ndi...On Oct 16,President Li Xiaolin met with Mamadou Ndiaye,the new ambassador of Senegal to China.Li congratulated Ambassador Ndiaye on his new job and recalled with pleasure her visit to Senegal in2012.While briefing Ndiaye on exchanges between the CPAFFC and Senegal in recent years,Li noted that Senegal is an important partner for China in Africa,and the CPAFFC is ready to cooperate with展开更多
One On Jan 7,1975,a grand welcoming ceremony was as held for Maltese Prime Minister Dom Mintoff at Capital International Airport in Beijing.It was Mintoff’s second visit to China.Known as the heart of the Mediterrane...One On Jan 7,1975,a grand welcoming ceremony was as held for Maltese Prime Minister Dom Mintoff at Capital International Airport in Beijing.It was Mintoff’s second visit to China.Known as the heart of the Mediterranean,Malta is so small a country that in most world maps it appears only as a tiny dot.But in China,Malta is widely known展开更多
On May 11,the 3rd Forum of Governors from China and Japan—co-hosted by the CPAFFC,the China-Japan Friendship Association and the Japanese National Governors Association—was successfully held in Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japa...On May 11,the 3rd Forum of Governors from China and Japan—co-hosted by the CPAFFC,the China-Japan Friendship Association and the Japanese National Governors Association—was successfully held in Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan.Premier Li Keqiang and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attended the opening展开更多
Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with Mr.Fumihiro Koba,president of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in China(JCCIC)and his delegation on Dec 6.She spoke highly of the efforts JCCIC had m...Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with Mr.Fumihiro Koba,president of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in China(JCCIC)and his delegation on Dec 6.She spoke highly of the efforts JCCIC had made over the past several years to promote friendship between the two countries.Nearly 600 Chinese college students in 19 groups visited Japan in two sessions of展开更多
基金The Construction of First-class Integrated Traditional Chinese and western Medicine Disciplines in Guangxi(Scientific Research Project No.12 of Guangxi Ministry of Education[2018])Qihuang High-level Talent Team Training Projects of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine−Application of Systems Biology in Chinese Medicine Research(2021005).
文摘Objective To analyze the basic characteristics,drug features,prescription rules,and drug-symptom relationships of patients in the splenic deficiency and impairment stage,by data mining of medical records under the New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome(Pi Dan Xin Lun,《脾瘅新论》).Methods Medical records listed in the“New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome-Under-standing and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,and which were diagnosed with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic de-ficiency and impairment stage,during January 2004 and December 2016 were selected.These patients’data,including basic information,clinical symptoms,laboratory examination res-ults,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine diagnoses,treatment meth-ods,prescriptions,etc.,were collected.The collected data were subsequently compiled into a medical record database using the Epidata 3.1 data management software,followed by the use of Apriori algorithm provided in the SPSS Modeler 14.2 statistical software to investigate the association rules between drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-western medicine indices.Results(i)A total of 51 medical records were included,involving 17 types of syndromes.Among them,the top three with frequency≥3 included“Phlegm and blood stasis,and thoracic obstruction”“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collat-erals”,and“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collaterals”.Al-ternatively,of the 14 treatment methods,the top three treatments with frequency of≥3 in-cluded“Activating Yang and eliminating turbidity,and removing phlegm and dredging chan-nel blockage”“Strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi,and eliminating phlegm to activ-ate the channels”,and“Warming Yang and benefiting Qi,and expelling cold to remove ob-structions”.Among the 15 prescriptions,the top three used with frequency≥3 included Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang(黄芪桂枝五物汤),Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang(瓜蒌薤白半夏汤),and Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Tang(干姜黄芩黄连人参汤).Lastly,of the 83 drugs used for a total of 476 times,those with frequency≥15 included Huanglian(Coptid-is Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Jiudahuang(Wine-processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma),Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis),Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix),and Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus).(ii)For the drug-drug associations,under the criteria of support≥15%and confidence=100%,seven second-order association rules,seven third-order rules,and six fourth-order roles were identified.The top-ranking rule of each was“Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”“Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”,and“Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba)+Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatho-lobi Caulis)→Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)”,respectively.Alternatively,the drug-symptom associations were analyzed under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,which derived eight second-order association rules,31 third-order rules,and 30 fourth-order rules.The top-ranking association rule of each order was“Huangqi(Astragali Radix)→Limb ed-ema”“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)→Limb numbness and pain”,and“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)+Huangqi(As-tragali Radix)→Limb numbness and pain”,respectively.Similarly,the drug-western medi-cine index associations were investigated under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,and five second-order association rules,16 third-order rules,and 16 fourth-order rules were identified.In this category,the top-ranking association rule of each order was“Qinpi(Fraxini Cortex)→Uric acid”“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)→Glycated hemoglobin”,and“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zing-iberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Glycated hemoglobin”,respectively.Conclusion Through association rule mining,this study objectively and quantitatively demonstrated the drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-physicochemical index associations of patients with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic deficiency and impairment stage treated by Academician TONG Xiaolin.The results indicated that treatment for these patients adopted the“state-target”syndrome differentiation method.The drug combination was characterized by“small prescriptions”,targeting both the patient’s symptoms and signs(syndrome target)and western medicine indices(treatment target).This study could provide references for future research on the academic thoughts and medical experience of Academi-cian TONG Xiaolin.
文摘With the advantages of less toxicity and side effects, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is showing a bright future with a good clinical practice. Chinese herbal medicine, which usually contains various active ingredients, could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Professor Tong Xiaolin has accumulated abundant experience during many years of clinical practice and applies Rhizoma Coptidis(RC) well with the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Rhizoma coptidis is a classical natural herb which is used frequently by professor Tong Xiaolin. In this review, we summarize Tong Xiaolin's clinical experience of applying Rhizoma Coptidis(Huang Lian) in the treatment of disease from two aspects as well as introducing some traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, with a prospect of guiding clinician to use RC more suitably and reasonably.
文摘President Li Xiaolin met with Kentucky Governor Matthew Bevin on Nov 9 in Beijing.Li expressed her appreciation of Bevin’s visit as the only US governor to come to China during the midterm election season and for his attendance at the First China International Import Expo.
文摘Respected President Lakis,Respected legislative leaders of provinces and states,Ladies, gentlemen and friends,Good morning. Now it is the time of the year when autumn changes into winter and the weather gradually cools down. In the meantime, the China-US relationship is also experiencing a downturn with quite some difficulties.
文摘During her visit to the Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum in Yamanashi prefecture of Japan,President Li Xiaolin of the CPAFFC met with the prefecture’s Governor Kotaro Nagasaki,former Commissioner for Cultural Affairs Masanori Aoyagi and curator Toko Hirayama of the Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum on Nov 16.
文摘Dear President Deb Peters,Distinguished members of NCSL Executive Committee,Ladies and gentlemen,Good afternoon.It is my great pleasure to attend the NCSL Summit again.I am always happy to be in LA,since I studied at UCLA for my master’s degree in the early 1980s.
文摘On 28th July,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Ms Barbara Woodward,British Ambassador to China in the ambassador’s residence.The two sides have extensively exchanged views on the Second China-UK Regional Leaders Meeting,the
文摘On Jan17,Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with a delegation of the Cambodia-Hefei Friendship Association led by President Ouk Socheth.Li extended a warm welcome to Ouk,noting that this year marks the60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cambodia.She expressed hope that the two sides will
文摘Aceremony was held in Beijing on Jan 19 to mark the signing of the agreement for China Isotope&Radiation Corp(CIRC)and MASEP Medical Science Technology Development(Shenzhen)Co to donate a gamma knife to the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development.Attending were Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC and
文摘Co-hosted by the Chinese Peoples’Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,the French Essilor Vision Foundation(FFVE),Secours Populaire Francais(SPF)and the Xingxian county People’s Government in Lyuliang,Shanxi province,the launching ceremony of the poverty alleviation program'Bright Sight,Viewing
文摘On Oct 12,President Li Xiaolin of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries met with Lord Powell,member of the House of Lords of the UK Parliament.The two sides extensively exchanged views on China-UK exchanges and cooperation,the China-UK Regional Leaders Summit and other
文摘On May 14,CPAFFC President Li Xiaolin,Vice-President Lin Yi and Vice-President Song Jingwu attended the opening ceremony and high-level plenary meeting of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.At the same time,they held meetings themed'People-to-People Connectivity'.Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the opening cer-
文摘On Oct 16,President Li Xiaolin met with Mamadou Ndiaye,the new ambassador of Senegal to China.Li congratulated Ambassador Ndiaye on his new job and recalled with pleasure her visit to Senegal in2012.While briefing Ndiaye on exchanges between the CPAFFC and Senegal in recent years,Li noted that Senegal is an important partner for China in Africa,and the CPAFFC is ready to cooperate with
文摘One On Jan 7,1975,a grand welcoming ceremony was as held for Maltese Prime Minister Dom Mintoff at Capital International Airport in Beijing.It was Mintoff’s second visit to China.Known as the heart of the Mediterranean,Malta is so small a country that in most world maps it appears only as a tiny dot.But in China,Malta is widely known
文摘On May 11,the 3rd Forum of Governors from China and Japan—co-hosted by the CPAFFC,the China-Japan Friendship Association and the Japanese National Governors Association—was successfully held in Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan.Premier Li Keqiang and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attended the opening
文摘Li Xiaolin,president of the CPAFFC,met in Beijing with Mr.Fumihiro Koba,president of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in China(JCCIC)and his delegation on Dec 6.She spoke highly of the efforts JCCIC had made over the past several years to promote friendship between the two countries.Nearly 600 Chinese college students in 19 groups visited Japan in two sessions of
