Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event ...Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.展开更多
As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given m...As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.展开更多
血栓性疾病严重危害人类健康,是全球人口死亡的首要原因。抗凝药物是预防和治疗血栓性疾病的基石。传统抗凝剂如肝素和维生素K拮抗剂(vitamin K antagonists,VKAs)疗效明确,但由于其非特异性的抑制多种凝血因子可导致一定的出血风险。...血栓性疾病严重危害人类健康,是全球人口死亡的首要原因。抗凝药物是预防和治疗血栓性疾病的基石。传统抗凝剂如肝素和维生素K拮抗剂(vitamin K antagonists,VKAs)疗效明确,但由于其非特异性的抑制多种凝血因子可导致一定的出血风险。新型口服抗凝药(new oral anticoagulants,NOACs)通过靶向特定凝血因子发挥抗凝作用,显示出比VKAs更高的安全性,但出血仍是一个令人担忧的问题。近年来,凝血因子XI(factor XI,FXI)作为更安全的抗凝治疗潜在靶点而受到关注。目前已开展多项关于FXI抑制剂在不同血栓性疾病中的临床试验,初步证实了其可在减少血栓栓塞事件的同时不增加出血风险。本文就FXI在凝血途径中的作用、FXI抑制剂的类型及在不同血栓性疾病中的临床研究进展作一综述,旨在为血栓性疾病的防治提供新思路。展开更多
A symposium dedicated to the study of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was held by the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center on December 9.Wang Yi,a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of Chi...A symposium dedicated to the study of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was held by the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center on December 9.Wang Yi,a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs,attended and addressed the event.展开更多
Objective:In traditional medicine,Asari Radix et Rhizoma(Xi Xin)is used to effectively treat respiratory diseases.However,the therapeutic portion of Xi Xin contains trace quantities of aristolochic acid I(AAI),which r...Objective:In traditional medicine,Asari Radix et Rhizoma(Xi Xin)is used to effectively treat respiratory diseases.However,the therapeutic portion of Xi Xin contains trace quantities of aristolochic acid I(AAI),which raises safety concerns.Furthermore,no compelling laboratory evidence confirms its safety.AAI-induced extensive renal tubular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration occurred primarily in the cortex and outer medulla.Accordingly,we examined the changes in metabolites within the aforementioned areas and thoroughly investigated the interactions between these differential metabolites and immune cells.Methods:We mapped the spatial distribution of the differential metabolites L-glutamic acid and glutamine in mouse kidneys and explored the underlying mechanisms using transcriptomics and flow cytometry,further validating these findings through co-culture experiments in vitro.Results:Administering 1 mg/kg AAI daily for 7 days(approximately 200 times the pharmacopeial Xi Xin dose)did not induce detectable levels of carcinogenic 7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam I(dA-ALI)in mouse kidneys.However,dA-ALI was detected on the day after the administration of 10 mg/kg AAI.Mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia exhibit increased tolerance to AAI-mediated nephrotoxicity.Based on integrated spatial metabolomics and renal transcriptomic analyses,increased tolerance to AAI-mediated nephrotoxicity may be related to glutamine-mediated oxidative stress regulation mechanisms.During pneumonia,mouse kidneys exhibit both immune and metabolic stress responses.Ly6C^(+)macrophages convert L-glutamic acid into glutamine,thereby reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the extracellular matrix.This process,which is regulated by the ITGA5 receptor in renal tubular epithelial cells,modulates the pAkt/pNrf2/NQO1 pathway and reduces AAI-induced kidney damage.Conclusions:Collectively,our findings indicate that Xi Xin is safe at conventional clinical dosages,and its targeted use can further minimize potential risks.展开更多
General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the protection of women’s rights and interests represent an organic integration of the Marxist view on women,the revolutionary and governance experience of the ...General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the protection of women’s rights and interests represent an organic integration of the Marxist view on women,the revolutionary and governance experience of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in leading efforts to safeguard women’s rights and interests,and the fine traditional Chinese culture.They form a systematic ideological framework and actionable guide characterized by contemporary relevance,originality,and coherence.General Secretary Xi Jinping has elaborated incisively on key dimensions of women’s rights protection,including political participation rights,personal and dignity rights,cultural and education rights,labor and property rights,and marriage and family rights.These expositions have facilitated the systematic incorporation of women’s rights and interests protection into laws and regulations,its elevation to the level of state will,and its internalization as norms of social conduct.Faced with the convergence of both emerging and longstanding challenges in protecting women’s rights and interests,we should,guided by these important expositions,embed women’s rights and interests protection into the thematic priorities of contemporary Chinese women’s movements,align our efforts with the new features and requirements of safeguarding women’s rights and interests in the new era,continuously strengthen Party leadership over such endeavors,and unswervingly follow the path of developing women’s cause with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different educ...Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.展开更多
From October 30 to November 1,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled to the Republic of Korea(ROK)to attend the 32nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)Economic Leaders’Meeting and also pay a state visit to t...From October 30 to November 1,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled to the Republic of Korea(ROK)to attend the 32nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)Economic Leaders’Meeting and also pay a state visit to the country.This was Xi Jinping’s first overseas trip following the conclusion of the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee,underscoring its importance on China’s diplomatic agenda.展开更多
FOR many people in Sweden and across the West,China’s political system and leadership remain distant,often mediated through headlines about trade disputes,human rights controversies,or great power rivalry.What is les...FOR many people in Sweden and across the West,China’s political system and leadership remain distant,often mediated through headlines about trade disputes,human rights controversies,or great power rivalry.What is less familiar are the internal logics,historical references,and developmental ambitions that shape the self-understanding of Chinese leaders and their vision for the country’s role in the world.展开更多
Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong in Beijing on June 24.Xi Jinping congratulated Wong on his second term in office.Noting that this year marks the 35th anniversary of diplo...Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong in Beijing on June 24.Xi Jinping congratulated Wong on his second term in office.Noting that this year marks the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore,Xi Jinping highlighted that the two sides have consistently upheld mutual understanding and respect,which has provided a solid foundation for the stable and healthy development of bilateral relations.Cooperation between the two countries has aligned with China’s development priorities at various stages,yielding substantial outcomes such as the Suzhou Industrial Park,significantly contributing to each country’s modernization efforts,and also setting a benchmark for cooperation among regional nations,Xi Jinping noted.展开更多
The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of ...The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of command economies.Yet in many developmental states,they have been engines of industrialisation,technological progress and national resilience.China provides perhaps the most striking example.Its SOEs have survived and evolved,some becoming globally competitive multinationals in energy,infrastructure and telecommunications.展开更多
Objective:Since the introduction of the Da Vinci®robotic system,robot-assisted colon resection has gained popularity because of its the potential technical advantages.Recently,two new CE-marked platforms have bec...Objective:Since the introduction of the Da Vinci®robotic system,robot-assisted colon resection has gained popularity because of its the potential technical advantages.Recently,two new CE-marked platforms have become available in Europe:Hugo^(TM)RAS and Versius®.We present the firstprospective case series comparing these three robotic systems.Methods:This exploratory,prospective study enrolled 45 consecutive adult patients undergoing robotic colon resection between February and December 2024,as part of the COMPAR trial.Two experienced colorectal surgeons performed all procedures across two surgical units.Each robotic platform was used in 15 cases.The primary outcomes were conversion to laparoscopy or open surgery and intra-operative complications.The secondary outcomes included post-operative recovery,oncological results,and platform-specifictechnical parameters.Results:The mean age was 66.8 years and 68.9%of patients underwent surgery for colon cancer.No conversions occurred in the Da Vinci group,whereas 2 and 3 conversions to laparoscopy were recorded with Hugo^(TM)RAS and Versius®,respectively.One intra-operative instrument malfunction occurred with Hugo^(TM)RAS,and one surgical complication was reported in each group.No significantdifferences emerged in post-operative recovery or oncological outcomes.Versius®cases required more frequent use of laparoscopic energy devices(p<0.001).Hugo^(TM)RAS was associated with a longer total operating room time(p=0.022)and longer incision length(p=0.005).Conclusion:Robotic colorectal surgery with all three platforms is feasible when performed by expert surgeons.While early outcomes are encouraging,larger comparative trials are needed to confirmdifferences in recovery and oncological efficacy.展开更多
President Xi Jinping’s second state visit to Cambodia in nine years is an important milestone in the development of bilateral relations and practical cooperation,which will endow new meaning to the China-Cambodia com...President Xi Jinping’s second state visit to Cambodia in nine years is an important milestone in the development of bilateral relations and practical cooperation,which will endow new meaning to the China-Cambodia community with a shared future.Strategic Guidance with Political Mutual Trust A high level of political mutual trust has paved the way for the development of China-Cambodia relations.展开更多
China celebrates its annual Youth Day on 4 May,honouring the legacy of the patriotic May Fourth Movement of 1919 that shaped modern Chinese history.On this occasion,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended festive greeti...China celebrates its annual Youth Day on 4 May,honouring the legacy of the patriotic May Fourth Movement of 1919 that shaped modern Chinese history.On this occasion,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended festive greetings to young people across the country and expressed high expectations for their contributions.展开更多
With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping th...With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping the international landscape,the pulse of the times,the trends of the world,and with the progress of human development in mind,General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of original diplomatic concepts and major initiatives,creating the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.展开更多
The urban fringe areas,situated between the urban-rural interface and critical ecological conservation zones,represent highly sensitive and rapidly evolving transitional zones within urban ecosystems,which are signifi...The urban fringe areas,situated between the urban-rural interface and critical ecological conservation zones,represent highly sensitive and rapidly evolving transitional zones within urban ecosystems,which are significantly impacted by the pressures of urban ex-pansion.However,current academic research on their spatial identification and ecological risks remains notably limited.This study fo-cused on Xi’an of China,utilizing multi-source data and the K-means algorithm to identify urban fringe areas during 2014-2022.Addi-tionally,this study assessed the landscape ecological risks from three perspectives,human activities,landscape fragmentation and ecolo-gical restoration in 2022.The results demonstrate that:1)Xi’an’s urban core and urban fringe areas significantly expanded between 2014 and 2022,growing from 145 to 471 km^(2) and 1319 to 1884 km^(2),respectively.The near urban core and mid-zone areas increased,while the near rural area initially decreased and then slightly recovered.2)Over half of the urban fringe area is at medium to high ecolo-gical risk,with higher risk zones concentrated near the urban core,and slight risk areas primarily along the Weihe River and northern edges.3)Landscape fragmentation and road network effects have become primary drivers in urban fringe areas,prompting a shift in their role from‘future expansion area’to‘ecological reserve area’to better support sustainable urban development.This study high-lights the spatial complexity and ecological significance of urban fringe areas,emphasizing their critical role in urban ecological man-agement.展开更多
文摘Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.
文摘As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.
文摘A symposium dedicated to the study of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was held by the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center on December 9.Wang Yi,a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs,attended and addressed the event.
基金supported by the Consulting Project Funds of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-XZ-88,China)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81721002 and 82230118,China)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Union Fund(U23A20519,China).
文摘Objective:In traditional medicine,Asari Radix et Rhizoma(Xi Xin)is used to effectively treat respiratory diseases.However,the therapeutic portion of Xi Xin contains trace quantities of aristolochic acid I(AAI),which raises safety concerns.Furthermore,no compelling laboratory evidence confirms its safety.AAI-induced extensive renal tubular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration occurred primarily in the cortex and outer medulla.Accordingly,we examined the changes in metabolites within the aforementioned areas and thoroughly investigated the interactions between these differential metabolites and immune cells.Methods:We mapped the spatial distribution of the differential metabolites L-glutamic acid and glutamine in mouse kidneys and explored the underlying mechanisms using transcriptomics and flow cytometry,further validating these findings through co-culture experiments in vitro.Results:Administering 1 mg/kg AAI daily for 7 days(approximately 200 times the pharmacopeial Xi Xin dose)did not induce detectable levels of carcinogenic 7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam I(dA-ALI)in mouse kidneys.However,dA-ALI was detected on the day after the administration of 10 mg/kg AAI.Mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia exhibit increased tolerance to AAI-mediated nephrotoxicity.Based on integrated spatial metabolomics and renal transcriptomic analyses,increased tolerance to AAI-mediated nephrotoxicity may be related to glutamine-mediated oxidative stress regulation mechanisms.During pneumonia,mouse kidneys exhibit both immune and metabolic stress responses.Ly6C^(+)macrophages convert L-glutamic acid into glutamine,thereby reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the extracellular matrix.This process,which is regulated by the ITGA5 receptor in renal tubular epithelial cells,modulates the pAkt/pNrf2/NQO1 pathway and reduces AAI-induced kidney damage.Conclusions:Collectively,our findings indicate that Xi Xin is safe at conventional clinical dosages,and its targeted use can further minimize potential risks.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project Approval Number 24CXTD01).
文摘General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the protection of women’s rights and interests represent an organic integration of the Marxist view on women,the revolutionary and governance experience of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in leading efforts to safeguard women’s rights and interests,and the fine traditional Chinese culture.They form a systematic ideological framework and actionable guide characterized by contemporary relevance,originality,and coherence.General Secretary Xi Jinping has elaborated incisively on key dimensions of women’s rights protection,including political participation rights,personal and dignity rights,cultural and education rights,labor and property rights,and marriage and family rights.These expositions have facilitated the systematic incorporation of women’s rights and interests protection into laws and regulations,its elevation to the level of state will,and its internalization as norms of social conduct.Faced with the convergence of both emerging and longstanding challenges in protecting women’s rights and interests,we should,guided by these important expositions,embed women’s rights and interests protection into the thematic priorities of contemporary Chinese women’s movements,align our efforts with the new features and requirements of safeguarding women’s rights and interests in the new era,continuously strengthen Party leadership over such endeavors,and unswervingly follow the path of developing women’s cause with Chinese characteristics.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-YBMS-196)。
文摘Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.
文摘From October 30 to November 1,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled to the Republic of Korea(ROK)to attend the 32nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)Economic Leaders’Meeting and also pay a state visit to the country.This was Xi Jinping’s first overseas trip following the conclusion of the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee,underscoring its importance on China’s diplomatic agenda.
文摘FOR many people in Sweden and across the West,China’s political system and leadership remain distant,often mediated through headlines about trade disputes,human rights controversies,or great power rivalry.What is less familiar are the internal logics,historical references,and developmental ambitions that shape the self-understanding of Chinese leaders and their vision for the country’s role in the world.
文摘Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong in Beijing on June 24.Xi Jinping congratulated Wong on his second term in office.Noting that this year marks the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore,Xi Jinping highlighted that the two sides have consistently upheld mutual understanding and respect,which has provided a solid foundation for the stable and healthy development of bilateral relations.Cooperation between the two countries has aligned with China’s development priorities at various stages,yielding substantial outcomes such as the Suzhou Industrial Park,significantly contributing to each country’s modernization efforts,and also setting a benchmark for cooperation among regional nations,Xi Jinping noted.
文摘The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of command economies.Yet in many developmental states,they have been engines of industrialisation,technological progress and national resilience.China provides perhaps the most striking example.Its SOEs have survived and evolved,some becoming globally competitive multinationals in energy,infrastructure and telecommunications.
文摘Objective:Since the introduction of the Da Vinci®robotic system,robot-assisted colon resection has gained popularity because of its the potential technical advantages.Recently,two new CE-marked platforms have become available in Europe:Hugo^(TM)RAS and Versius®.We present the firstprospective case series comparing these three robotic systems.Methods:This exploratory,prospective study enrolled 45 consecutive adult patients undergoing robotic colon resection between February and December 2024,as part of the COMPAR trial.Two experienced colorectal surgeons performed all procedures across two surgical units.Each robotic platform was used in 15 cases.The primary outcomes were conversion to laparoscopy or open surgery and intra-operative complications.The secondary outcomes included post-operative recovery,oncological results,and platform-specifictechnical parameters.Results:The mean age was 66.8 years and 68.9%of patients underwent surgery for colon cancer.No conversions occurred in the Da Vinci group,whereas 2 and 3 conversions to laparoscopy were recorded with Hugo^(TM)RAS and Versius®,respectively.One intra-operative instrument malfunction occurred with Hugo^(TM)RAS,and one surgical complication was reported in each group.No significantdifferences emerged in post-operative recovery or oncological outcomes.Versius®cases required more frequent use of laparoscopic energy devices(p<0.001).Hugo^(TM)RAS was associated with a longer total operating room time(p=0.022)and longer incision length(p=0.005).Conclusion:Robotic colorectal surgery with all three platforms is feasible when performed by expert surgeons.While early outcomes are encouraging,larger comparative trials are needed to confirmdifferences in recovery and oncological efficacy.
文摘President Xi Jinping’s second state visit to Cambodia in nine years is an important milestone in the development of bilateral relations and practical cooperation,which will endow new meaning to the China-Cambodia community with a shared future.Strategic Guidance with Political Mutual Trust A high level of political mutual trust has paved the way for the development of China-Cambodia relations.
文摘China celebrates its annual Youth Day on 4 May,honouring the legacy of the patriotic May Fourth Movement of 1919 that shaped modern Chinese history.On this occasion,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended festive greetings to young people across the country and expressed high expectations for their contributions.
文摘With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping the international landscape,the pulse of the times,the trends of the world,and with the progress of human development in mind,General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of original diplomatic concepts and major initiatives,creating the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271214)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3800700)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Gansu Province(No.23ZDKA0004)Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.21JR7RA281,24JRRA250)。
文摘The urban fringe areas,situated between the urban-rural interface and critical ecological conservation zones,represent highly sensitive and rapidly evolving transitional zones within urban ecosystems,which are significantly impacted by the pressures of urban ex-pansion.However,current academic research on their spatial identification and ecological risks remains notably limited.This study fo-cused on Xi’an of China,utilizing multi-source data and the K-means algorithm to identify urban fringe areas during 2014-2022.Addi-tionally,this study assessed the landscape ecological risks from three perspectives,human activities,landscape fragmentation and ecolo-gical restoration in 2022.The results demonstrate that:1)Xi’an’s urban core and urban fringe areas significantly expanded between 2014 and 2022,growing from 145 to 471 km^(2) and 1319 to 1884 km^(2),respectively.The near urban core and mid-zone areas increased,while the near rural area initially decreased and then slightly recovered.2)Over half of the urban fringe area is at medium to high ecolo-gical risk,with higher risk zones concentrated near the urban core,and slight risk areas primarily along the Weihe River and northern edges.3)Landscape fragmentation and road network effects have become primary drivers in urban fringe areas,prompting a shift in their role from‘future expansion area’to‘ecological reserve area’to better support sustainable urban development.This study high-lights the spatial complexity and ecological significance of urban fringe areas,emphasizing their critical role in urban ecological man-agement.
