The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tum...In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.展开更多
Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic su...Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries.The unpredictable nature of this condition,combined with limited treatment options,poses a significant burden on patients,their families,and society.Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to reduced neuronal regenerative capacity and complex pathological processes.In contrast,mitophagy is crucial for degrading damaged mitochondria,thereby supporting neuronal metabolism and energy supply.However,while moderate mitophagy can be beneficial in the context of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,excessive mitophagy may be detrimental.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the potential mechanisms and regulators of mitophagy involved in the pathological processes of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advancements in mitophagy related to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and clarify its potential clinical applications.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide reference and reduce the workload for screening standard DNA barcoding genes of plants. [Method] Three DNA barcoding genes ITS, ITS2 and rbcL were amplified from seven Xanthium ...[Objective] This study aimed to provide reference and reduce the workload for screening standard DNA barcoding genes of plants. [Method] Three DNA barcoding genes ITS, ITS2 and rbcL were amplified from seven Xanthium species under the same PCR condition： PCR amplification was started with initial denaturation at 95 ℃ for 4 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annealing at 52 ℃ for 45 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 45 s; the amplification was completed by holding the reaction mixture at 72 ℃ for 10 min to allow complete extension of PCR, and the PCR products were stored at 4 ℃. [Result] Three DNA barcoding genes ITS, ITS2 and rbcL were all amplified successfully. [Conclusion] This study indicates that PCR amplification conditions for DNA barcoding genes ITS,ITS2 and rbcL in plants may be consistent.展开更多
[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the ...[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.展开更多
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
文摘In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.
基金supported by Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University,Nos.CY2023-QN-B18(to YD),2020QN-16(to YZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.22JR11RA082(to YZ)Key R&D Plan of Gansu Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Social Development Projects,No.23YFFA0043(to XK).
文摘Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries.The unpredictable nature of this condition,combined with limited treatment options,poses a significant burden on patients,their families,and society.Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to reduced neuronal regenerative capacity and complex pathological processes.In contrast,mitophagy is crucial for degrading damaged mitochondria,thereby supporting neuronal metabolism and energy supply.However,while moderate mitophagy can be beneficial in the context of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,excessive mitophagy may be detrimental.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the potential mechanisms and regulators of mitophagy involved in the pathological processes of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advancements in mitophagy related to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and clarify its potential clinical applications.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau(2012KJ54)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide reference and reduce the workload for screening standard DNA barcoding genes of plants. [Method] Three DNA barcoding genes ITS, ITS2 and rbcL were amplified from seven Xanthium species under the same PCR condition： PCR amplification was started with initial denaturation at 95 ℃ for 4 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annealing at 52 ℃ for 45 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 45 s; the amplification was completed by holding the reaction mixture at 72 ℃ for 10 min to allow complete extension of PCR, and the PCR products were stored at 4 ℃. [Result] Three DNA barcoding genes ITS, ITS2 and rbcL were all amplified successfully. [Conclusion] This study indicates that PCR amplification conditions for DNA barcoding genes ITS,ITS2 and rbcL in plants may be consistent.
基金Supported by Platform Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for Microorganism Resources(2005DKA2120721)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.
