Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties....Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties.Recently, there has been significant interest in manufacturing XOSs from xylan extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using enzyme catalysis under mild conditions. In this work, the arabinofuranosidase Abf62A gene was cloned from Aspergillus usamii genomic DNA through sequential molecular processes and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The xylan (100 g/L) extracted xylan in wheat straw (WS) was biologically hydrolyzed into 50.32 g/L of XOSs by xylanase Xyn11A (300 U/g substrate) and arabinofuranase Abf62A (20 U/g substrate), which indicated a notable synergistic effect compared to the 34.42 g/L XOSs produced via Xyn11A. The 50.32 g/L of XOSs products comprised xylobiose (31.71 g/L), xylotriose (15.92 g/L), xylotetraose (1.65 g/L) and xylopentaose (1.04 g/L). Notably, the combined content of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for up to 94.7%. The XOSs purified from the enzyme hydrolysate could effectually scavenge free radicals, and the antioxidant activity was more than 90%. In summary, XOSs were biologically manufactured from wheat straw xylan through the synergistic biocatalysis via xylanase and arabinofuranosidase Abf62A in a green and sustainable way, rending one kind of prebiotic oligosaccharides with substantial positive effects on human and animal health.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides（XOS） on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial popu...An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides（XOS） on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages（15 broilers per cage） for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate（feed/gain, F/G） during days 22–42 and 1–42（P〈0.03）, drip loss in thigh muscle（P=0.02）, and duodenal crypt depth（P=0.005） on day 42, but had no effect（P〉0.05） on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest（P〈0.05） F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly（P=0.003） as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased（P〈0.05） at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.展开更多
The preparation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)through hydrolysis of hemicelluloses was studied.The hemicelluloses were isolated from the press lye discharged in the production of viscose,which contained about 30%xylan...The preparation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)through hydrolysis of hemicelluloses was studied.The hemicelluloses were isolated from the press lye discharged in the production of viscose,which contained about 30%xylan.Then,a factorial experimental design was applied to compare the influences of several factors including the concentrations of sulphuric acid and hemicelluloses,the duration and temperature of the hydrolysis,on the conversion of xylan,and the selectivity for the product–XOSs.The results showed that the hydrolysis duration affects the yield of XOSs to the greatest extent.It is difficult to obtain a high yield of XOSs with sulphuric acid as the hydrolysis catalyst.展开更多
The emerging food additive, xylo-oligosaccharide(XOSs), was prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses isolated from press lye. Two of the three experimental enzyme preparations presented favourable effec...The emerging food additive, xylo-oligosaccharide(XOSs), was prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses isolated from press lye. Two of the three experimental enzyme preparations presented favourable effects, while the other one consisting of the nominal enzyme preparations with high enzyme activity was found to have poor catalytic effects. The conversion of xylan exceeded 40% and the selectivity for XOSs reached 90% when the temperature, hemicellulose concentration, dosage of enzymes, and hydrolysis time were 40?C, 100 g/L, 1 ku/g, and 4 h, respectively. Xylo-oligosaccharide preparation through enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses isolated from press lye was proved to be a feasible process to utilize the by-product of the lye regeneration, which will substantially improve the economy of the lye regeneration and recycling.展开更多
The time course of xylo-oligosaccharides concentration and xylo-oligosaccharides yield in the separation of xylo-oligosaccharides from enzymatic hydrolytes was studied using a membrane reactor with constant permeate f...The time course of xylo-oligosaccharides concentration and xylo-oligosaccharides yield in the separation of xylo-oligosaccharides from enzymatic hydrolytes was studied using a membrane reactor with constant permeate flux of 4 L·m -2 ·h -1 . The results show that xylanases retain 90% of its activity in the reactor. The concentration of xylo-oligosaccharides achieves the maximum, about 5.48 g/L in 30 min. The difference of xylo-oligosaccharides in the retentate and permeate stream is low, <0.62 g/L, therefore it can permeate through membrane. Under the operating conditions that xylan concentration is 30.0 g/L, pH 5.0, operating pressure 16 kPa, temperature 48 ℃, feed velocity 400 mL/min, reaction volume 400 mL, enzyme dosage 10%(volume fraction), dilution rate 1 h -1 , and enzymatic hydrolysis time 195 min, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides reaches 31.69%.展开更多
Objective: to improve the production efficiency and recovery of xylo-oligosaccharide by optimizing the adsorption and hydrolysis conditions of corn cob solid residue by fusion enzyme. Xylose oligosaccharide was prepar...Objective: to improve the production efficiency and recovery of xylo-oligosaccharide by optimizing the adsorption and hydrolysis conditions of corn cob solid residue by fusion enzyme. Xylose oligosaccharide was prepared by catalytic coupling adsorption enzyme. Results the optimal adsorption conditions were substrate concentration 5%, pH 7.0, temperature 20℃ and adsorption time 30min. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate of dissolved protein was 90.3%. The optimum enzymolysis conditions were ph7.0, temperature 50℃ and reaction time 24h. The yield of xylitol was 47.7% and the average degree of polymerization was 2.3. TLC analysis showed that xylitol, iron xylose, tetraxylose and amyl ester sugar were contained in the enzymolysis products. The quantitative results of HPLC showed that the contents of xylitol and xylanase were 45.2% and 36.7%, respectively. Conclusion: this study will not only provide a basis for the new technology of adsorption-catalytic coupling to produce xylo-oligosaccharides, but also provide a reference for other preparation methods of oligosaccharides.展开更多
The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)on broiler growth performance,immune function,and in-testinal health were investigated.A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups wi...The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)on broiler growth performance,immune function,and in-testinal health were investigated.A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate.Broilers in the control(CON)group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet,those in the antibiotics(ANT)group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline,and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150,300,or 450 mg/kg XOS.Compared with CON,the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150,450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups(P=0.018),and the relative expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 mRNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300 and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups(P<0.001).The feed conversion ratios(P<0.001)and abdominal fat rates(P=0.012)of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group.Splenic index(P=0.036)and bursa of Fabricius index(P=0.009)were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group.Compared to CON and ANT,serum IgA(P=0.007)and IgG(P=0.002)levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group,and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera(Alistipes)was also significantly higher(P<0.001).Meanwhile,ileal villus height(P<0.001)and ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V:C)(P=0.001)were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers.In analysis of re-lationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut,[Ruminococcus]_torques_group was positively correlated with mRNA expression of ileal ZO-1 and claudin-1(P<0.05),and Bacteroides was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C(P<0.05).Overall,XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance,promoted intestinal health by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating cecal microbiota diversity,and had positive effects on immunity.展开更多
A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA...A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement,as follows:corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme(Con);Con plus xylanase alone(XYL);Con plus xylanase combined with protease(XYL+PRO);or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS);with or without Eimeria challenge.Diets were based on a high-fiber(100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers)basal diet.At d 15,birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria maxima,Eimeria acervulina,and Eimeria tenella oocysts.At d 21,birds were sampled.Eimeria depressed(P<0.01)growth performance and nutrient utilization,whereas supplementation had no effect.There were significant Eimeria×supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters GLUT5(P=0.02),SGLT1(P=0.01),SGLT4(P<0.01),and peptide transporter PepT1(P<0.01)in jejunal mucosa.Eimeria challenge increased the expression of GM-CSF2(P<0.01)and IL-17(P=0.04)but decreased(P=0.03)IL-1βexpression in the cecal tonsil.Eimeria×supplementation interactions for cecal acetate,butyrate,and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments,but only in non-challenged birds.Birds challenged with Eimeria spp.had higher concentrations of isobutyrate(P<0.01),isovalerate(P<0.01),and valerate(P=0.02)in cecal content.Eimeria challenge significantly(P<0.01)decreased the microbial richness and diversity,and increased(P<0.01)the proportion of Anaerostipes butyraticus,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,and Lactobacillus pontis.In conclusion,Eimeria infection depressed growth performance,nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters.Furthermore,Eimeria challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity.On the other hand,enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits,which included increased concentrations of SCFA.展开更多
Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal...Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens.XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.Methods A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%AXRF.Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens each.Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.On d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol group.Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group.In the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.Put-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation(hence,turnover),actin polymerization,and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.展开更多
The postnatal period,covering roughly the first 10 days post-hatch,is critical for early development of the digestive tract in poultry.This period is characterized by high plasticity of the digestive tract,offering a ...The postnatal period,covering roughly the first 10 days post-hatch,is critical for early development of the digestive tract in poultry.This period is characterized by high plasticity of the digestive tract,offering a unique window in which to shape digestive phenotypes toward improved nutrient absorption efficiency,enhanced gut health,and optimized microbiota composition.Feed additives,such as xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs),are known to modulate digestive physiology,especially the gut microbiota,which could,in turn,influence the outcome of infections within the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a stimbiotic(STB;a combination of xylanase and XOSs)supplementation provided either during the starter,the grower,or during both periods in the context of an Eimeria tenella challenge,focusing on growth performance,ileal monomeric sugar residues,cecal metabolome and microbiota composition.From 0 to 23 d,a total of 192 chicks were assigned to 8 different treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial design.Two levels of stimbiotic(0 or 100 g/t),two periods of supplementation(starter or grower)and two challenge statuses(unchallenged or E.tenella challenged at d 16)were tested.During the starter period,STB supplementation tended to enhance average daily gain(P=0.052)and significantly reduced the abundance of two Lachnospiraceae genera(P<0.001;P=0.030),accompanied by decreased concentrations of two short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the caecal content(P=0.029;P=0.015)at d 9.In the ileum,STB supplementation reduced the concentration and proportion of soluble sugars(P=0.006).By the end of the grower period at d 23,starter STB supplementation resulted in increased abundance of two genera within the family Lachnospiraceae(Lachnospiraceae ruminococcus,P=0.043;Lachnospiraceae anaerostipes,P=0.013)and elevated production of butyrate and acetate(P=0.042;P<0.001).Under E.tenella challenge,during the grouper period,STB supplementation maintained growth performance at levels comparable to unchallenged chickens(P=0.027).In conclusion,STB supplementation influences microbial composition and fermentation,with lasting effects resulting from post-hatch feeding.These findings support the use of STB to improve the resilience of chickens under pathogenic challenges.展开更多
文摘Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties.Recently, there has been significant interest in manufacturing XOSs from xylan extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using enzyme catalysis under mild conditions. In this work, the arabinofuranosidase Abf62A gene was cloned from Aspergillus usamii genomic DNA through sequential molecular processes and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The xylan (100 g/L) extracted xylan in wheat straw (WS) was biologically hydrolyzed into 50.32 g/L of XOSs by xylanase Xyn11A (300 U/g substrate) and arabinofuranase Abf62A (20 U/g substrate), which indicated a notable synergistic effect compared to the 34.42 g/L XOSs produced via Xyn11A. The 50.32 g/L of XOSs products comprised xylobiose (31.71 g/L), xylotriose (15.92 g/L), xylotetraose (1.65 g/L) and xylopentaose (1.04 g/L). Notably, the combined content of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for up to 94.7%. The XOSs purified from the enzyme hydrolysate could effectually scavenge free radicals, and the antioxidant activity was more than 90%. In summary, XOSs were biologically manufactured from wheat straw xylan through the synergistic biocatalysis via xylanase and arabinofuranosidase Abf62A in a green and sustainable way, rending one kind of prebiotic oligosaccharides with substantial positive effects on human and animal health.
基金supported by the Shandong Longlive Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Chinathe Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (ASTIP-IAS08)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201403047)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-42)
文摘An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides（XOS） on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages（15 broilers per cage） for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate（feed/gain, F/G） during days 22–42 and 1–42（P〈0.03）, drip loss in thigh muscle（P=0.02）, and duodenal crypt depth（P=0.005） on day 42, but had no effect（P〉0.05） on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest（P〈0.05） F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly（P=0.003） as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased（P〈0.05） at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.
基金finically supported by Science and Education Integration Program of Henan University of Technology
文摘The preparation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)through hydrolysis of hemicelluloses was studied.The hemicelluloses were isolated from the press lye discharged in the production of viscose,which contained about 30%xylan.Then,a factorial experimental design was applied to compare the influences of several factors including the concentrations of sulphuric acid and hemicelluloses,the duration and temperature of the hydrolysis,on the conversion of xylan,and the selectivity for the product–XOSs.The results showed that the hydrolysis duration affects the yield of XOSs to the greatest extent.It is difficult to obtain a high yield of XOSs with sulphuric acid as the hydrolysis catalyst.
基金Supported by Science and Education Integration Program of Henan University of Technology
文摘The emerging food additive, xylo-oligosaccharide(XOSs), was prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses isolated from press lye. Two of the three experimental enzyme preparations presented favourable effects, while the other one consisting of the nominal enzyme preparations with high enzyme activity was found to have poor catalytic effects. The conversion of xylan exceeded 40% and the selectivity for XOSs reached 90% when the temperature, hemicellulose concentration, dosage of enzymes, and hydrolysis time were 40?C, 100 g/L, 1 ku/g, and 4 h, respectively. Xylo-oligosaccharide preparation through enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses isolated from press lye was proved to be a feasible process to utilize the by-product of the lye regeneration, which will substantially improve the economy of the lye regeneration and recycling.
文摘The time course of xylo-oligosaccharides concentration and xylo-oligosaccharides yield in the separation of xylo-oligosaccharides from enzymatic hydrolytes was studied using a membrane reactor with constant permeate flux of 4 L·m -2 ·h -1 . The results show that xylanases retain 90% of its activity in the reactor. The concentration of xylo-oligosaccharides achieves the maximum, about 5.48 g/L in 30 min. The difference of xylo-oligosaccharides in the retentate and permeate stream is low, <0.62 g/L, therefore it can permeate through membrane. Under the operating conditions that xylan concentration is 30.0 g/L, pH 5.0, operating pressure 16 kPa, temperature 48 ℃, feed velocity 400 mL/min, reaction volume 400 mL, enzyme dosage 10%(volume fraction), dilution rate 1 h -1 , and enzymatic hydrolysis time 195 min, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides reaches 31.69%.
文摘Objective: to improve the production efficiency and recovery of xylo-oligosaccharide by optimizing the adsorption and hydrolysis conditions of corn cob solid residue by fusion enzyme. Xylose oligosaccharide was prepared by catalytic coupling adsorption enzyme. Results the optimal adsorption conditions were substrate concentration 5%, pH 7.0, temperature 20℃ and adsorption time 30min. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate of dissolved protein was 90.3%. The optimum enzymolysis conditions were ph7.0, temperature 50℃ and reaction time 24h. The yield of xylitol was 47.7% and the average degree of polymerization was 2.3. TLC analysis showed that xylitol, iron xylose, tetraxylose and amyl ester sugar were contained in the enzymolysis products. The quantitative results of HPLC showed that the contents of xylitol and xylanase were 45.2% and 36.7%, respectively. Conclusion: this study will not only provide a basis for the new technology of adsorption-catalytic coupling to produce xylo-oligosaccharides, but also provide a reference for other preparation methods of oligosaccharides.
文摘The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)on broiler growth performance,immune function,and in-testinal health were investigated.A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate.Broilers in the control(CON)group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet,those in the antibiotics(ANT)group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline,and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150,300,or 450 mg/kg XOS.Compared with CON,the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150,450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups(P=0.018),and the relative expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 mRNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300 and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups(P<0.001).The feed conversion ratios(P<0.001)and abdominal fat rates(P=0.012)of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group.Splenic index(P=0.036)and bursa of Fabricius index(P=0.009)were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group.Compared to CON and ANT,serum IgA(P=0.007)and IgG(P=0.002)levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group,and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera(Alistipes)was also significantly higher(P<0.001).Meanwhile,ileal villus height(P<0.001)and ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V:C)(P=0.001)were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers.In analysis of re-lationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut,[Ruminococcus]_torques_group was positively correlated with mRNA expression of ileal ZO-1 and claudin-1(P<0.05),and Bacteroides was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C(P<0.05).Overall,XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance,promoted intestinal health by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating cecal microbiota diversity,and had positive effects on immunity.
基金supported by the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Hatch project 1021533supported in part by a cooperative agreement 58-6040-8-034 from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences
文摘A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement,as follows:corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme(Con);Con plus xylanase alone(XYL);Con plus xylanase combined with protease(XYL+PRO);or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS);with or without Eimeria challenge.Diets were based on a high-fiber(100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers)basal diet.At d 15,birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria maxima,Eimeria acervulina,and Eimeria tenella oocysts.At d 21,birds were sampled.Eimeria depressed(P<0.01)growth performance and nutrient utilization,whereas supplementation had no effect.There were significant Eimeria×supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters GLUT5(P=0.02),SGLT1(P=0.01),SGLT4(P<0.01),and peptide transporter PepT1(P<0.01)in jejunal mucosa.Eimeria challenge increased the expression of GM-CSF2(P<0.01)and IL-17(P=0.04)but decreased(P=0.03)IL-1βexpression in the cecal tonsil.Eimeria×supplementation interactions for cecal acetate,butyrate,and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments,but only in non-challenged birds.Birds challenged with Eimeria spp.had higher concentrations of isobutyrate(P<0.01),isovalerate(P<0.01),and valerate(P=0.02)in cecal content.Eimeria challenge significantly(P<0.01)decreased the microbial richness and diversity,and increased(P<0.01)the proportion of Anaerostipes butyraticus,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,and Lactobacillus pontis.In conclusion,Eimeria infection depressed growth performance,nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters.Furthermore,Eimeria challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity.On the other hand,enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits,which included increased concentrations of SCFA.
文摘Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens.XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.Methods A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%AXRF.Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens each.Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.On d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol group.Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group.In the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.Put-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation(hence,turnover),actin polymerization,and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.
基金funded by the R�egion Centre Val-de-Loire,France(APR IA INTEGRITY).
文摘The postnatal period,covering roughly the first 10 days post-hatch,is critical for early development of the digestive tract in poultry.This period is characterized by high plasticity of the digestive tract,offering a unique window in which to shape digestive phenotypes toward improved nutrient absorption efficiency,enhanced gut health,and optimized microbiota composition.Feed additives,such as xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs),are known to modulate digestive physiology,especially the gut microbiota,which could,in turn,influence the outcome of infections within the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a stimbiotic(STB;a combination of xylanase and XOSs)supplementation provided either during the starter,the grower,or during both periods in the context of an Eimeria tenella challenge,focusing on growth performance,ileal monomeric sugar residues,cecal metabolome and microbiota composition.From 0 to 23 d,a total of 192 chicks were assigned to 8 different treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial design.Two levels of stimbiotic(0 or 100 g/t),two periods of supplementation(starter or grower)and two challenge statuses(unchallenged or E.tenella challenged at d 16)were tested.During the starter period,STB supplementation tended to enhance average daily gain(P=0.052)and significantly reduced the abundance of two Lachnospiraceae genera(P<0.001;P=0.030),accompanied by decreased concentrations of two short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the caecal content(P=0.029;P=0.015)at d 9.In the ileum,STB supplementation reduced the concentration and proportion of soluble sugars(P=0.006).By the end of the grower period at d 23,starter STB supplementation resulted in increased abundance of two genera within the family Lachnospiraceae(Lachnospiraceae ruminococcus,P=0.043;Lachnospiraceae anaerostipes,P=0.013)and elevated production of butyrate and acetate(P=0.042;P<0.001).Under E.tenella challenge,during the grouper period,STB supplementation maintained growth performance at levels comparable to unchallenged chickens(P=0.027).In conclusion,STB supplementation influences microbial composition and fermentation,with lasting effects resulting from post-hatch feeding.These findings support the use of STB to improve the resilience of chickens under pathogenic challenges.
