A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of me...A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.展开更多
A precise knowledge of geometry is always pivotal to a 3-D X-ray imaging system,such as computed tomography(CT),digital X-ray tomosynthesis,and computed laminography.To get an accurate and reliable reconstruction imag...A precise knowledge of geometry is always pivotal to a 3-D X-ray imaging system,such as computed tomography(CT),digital X-ray tomosynthesis,and computed laminography.To get an accurate and reliable reconstruction image,exact knowledge of geometry is indispensable.Nowadays,geometric calibration has become a necessary step after completing CT system installation.Various geometric calibration methods have been reported with the fast development of 3-D X-ray imaging techniques.In these methods,different measuring methods,calibration phantoms or markers,and calculation algorithms were involved with their respective advantages and disadvantages.This paper reviews the history and current state of geometric calibration methods for different3-D X-ray imaging systems.Various calibration algorithms are presented and summarized,followed by our discussion and outlook.展开更多
The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality....The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality.Synthetic aperture x-ray ghost imaging(SAXGI)is invented to achieve megapixel XGI with limited measurements,which is expected to implement XGI simultaneously with large field of view and low radiation exposure.In this paper,we experimentally investigate the effect of measurements reduction on the spatial resolution and image quality of SAXGI with standard sample and biomedical specimen.The results with a resolution chart demonstrated that at 360 measurements,SAXGI successfully retrieved the sample image of 1960×1960 pixels with spatial resolution of 4μm.With measurement reduction,the spatial resolution deteriorates but the sparser structures are still discernable.Even with measurements reduced to 10,a spatial resolution of 10μm can still be achieved by SAXGI.A biomedical sample of a fish specimen is employed to evaluate the method and the fish image of 2000×1000 pixels with an SSIM of 0.962 is reconstructed by SAXGI with 770measurements,corresponding to an accumulative exposure reduction of more than 2 times.With the measurements reduced to 10 which corresponds to 1/160 of the accumulative radiation exposure for conventional radiology,bulky structure like the fish skeleton can still be definitely discerned and the SSIM for the reconstructed image still retained 0.9179.Results of this paper demonstrate that measurements reduction is practicable for the radiation exposure reduction of the sample,which implicates that SAXGI with limited measurements is an efficient solution for low dose radiology.展开更多
The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we repor...The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.展开更多
A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-d...A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-dimensional cusp boundary from a two-dimensional X-ray image because the detected X-ray signals will be integrated along the line of sight.In this work,a global magnetohydrodynamic code was used to simulate the X-ray images and photon count images,assuming an interplanetary magnetic field with a pure Bz component.The assumption of an elliptic cusp boundary at a given altitude was used to trace the equatorward and poleward boundaries of the cusp from a simulated X-ray image.The average discrepancy was less than 0.1 RE.To reduce the influence of instrument effects and cosmic X-ray backgrounds,image denoising was considered before applying the method above to SXI photon count images.The cusp boundaries were reasonably reconstructed from the noisy X-ray image.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing car...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.展开更多
Imaging observations of solar X-ray bursts can reveal details of the energy release process and particle acceleration in flares.Most hard X-ray imagers make use of the modulation-based Fourier transform imaging method...Imaging observations of solar X-ray bursts can reveal details of the energy release process and particle acceleration in flares.Most hard X-ray imagers make use of the modulation-based Fourier transform imaging method,an indirect imaging technique that requires algorithms to reconstruct and optimize images.During the last decade,a variety of algorithms have been developed and improved.However,it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the image quality of different solutions without a true,reference image of observation.How to choose the values of imaging parameters for these algorithms to get the best performance is also an open question.In this study,we present a detailed test of the characteristics of these algorithms,imaging dynamic range and a crucial parameter for the CLEAN method,clean beam width factor(CBWF).We first used SDO/AIA EUV images to compute DEM maps and calculate thermal X-ray maps.Then these realistic sources and several types of simulated sources are used as the ground truth in the imaging simulations for both RHESSI and ASO-S/HXI.The different solutions are evaluated quantitatively by a number of means.The overall results suggest that EM,PIXON,and CLEAN are exceptional methods for sidelobe elimination,producing images with clear source details.Although MEM_GE,MEM_NJIT,VIS_WV and VIS_CS possess fast imaging processes and generate good images,they too possess associated imperfections unique to each method.The two forward fit algorithms,VF and FF,perform differently,and VF appears to be more robust and useful.We also demonstrated the imaging capability of HXI and available HXI algorithms.Furthermore,the effect of CBWF on image quality was investigated,and the optimal settings for both RHESSI and HXI were proposed.展开更多
With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development,density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers.However,conventional density imaging tools are limited...With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development,density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers.However,conventional density imaging tools are limited by poor vertical resolution and therefore suffer from errors in accurately estimating the thickness and relative dip angle of thin layers.This affects the accurate evaluation of thin layer oil and gas reserves.To address this issue,this study evaluates the feasibility of employing novel methods based on advanced tool design.First,an electronically controllable X-ray source is selected to replace the traditional Cs-137 source,aiming to improve the tool's vertical resolution while reducing the radioactive risks commonly associated with chemical sources.Simulation results show that the X-ray tool provides sufficient depth of investigation with better vertical resolution while maintaining the same level of measurement sensitivity.Once the tool design is established,Fisher's optimal segmentation method is improved to enhance the estimation of thin layer thickness and relative dip angle.This is completed by transforming identifying thin layer interface into a mathematical clustering problem.The thin layer interface is fitted using the nonlinear least squares method,which enables the calculation of its parameters.The results demonstrate a 38.5%reduction in RMSE(root mean square error)for thin layer thickness and a 33.7%reduction in RMSE for relative dip angle,demonstrating the superior performance of enhanced X-ray tool in thin layer identification.This study provides a new perspective on the design of density imaging tools and assessment of thin layer,which can help in future thin layer hydrocarbon reserves evaluation and development decisions.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintill...Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
This study explores the application of X-ray-induced photochromism and photoluminescence in optical storage,anti-counterfeiting,non-destructive testing,and high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging.Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):B...This study explores the application of X-ray-induced photochromism and photoluminescence in optical storage,anti-counterfeiting,non-destructive testing,and high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging.Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu phosphors were synthesized,with Bi enhancing X-ray-induced photochromic prop-erties.Under X-ray irradiation,the phosphors transfer from white to red in bright field conditions and emit red photoluminescence in dark field conditions.Exposure to 470 nm ultraviolet light induces rapid bleaching.The mechanisms of photochromism and photoluminescence,particularly Bi's role as a colorant,were systematically investigated.The Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu phosphors film achieves high resolution,high-lighting its potential for X-ray imaging and non-destructive testing.Furthermore,the flexible Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu film supports dual-mode imaging and detection,addressing the limitations of traditional flat dis-plays in 3D imaging.展开更多
In x-ray dark-field imaging using dual phase grating interferometer,multi-contrast signals are extracted from a set of acquired phase-stepping data by using the least-squares fitting algorithm.The extracted mean inten...In x-ray dark-field imaging using dual phase grating interferometer,multi-contrast signals are extracted from a set of acquired phase-stepping data by using the least-squares fitting algorithm.The extracted mean intensity,amplitude and visibility signals may be intrinsically biased.However,it is still unclear how large these biases are and how the data acquisition parameters influence the biases in the extracted signals.This work set out to address these questions.Analytical expressions of the biases of the extracted signals were theoretically derived by using a second-order Taylor series expansion.Extensive numerical simulations were performed to validate the theoretical results.It is illustrated that while the estimated mean intensity signal is always unbiased,the estimated amplitude and visibility signals are both positively biased.While the biases of the estimated amplitude signals are proportional to the inverse of the total number of phase steps,the biases of the estimated visibility signals are inversely proportional to the product of the total number of phase steps and the mean number of photons counted per phase step.Meanwhile,it is demonstrated that the dependence of the biases on the mean visibility is quite different from that of Talbot-Lau interferometer due to the difference in the intensity model.We expect that these results can be useful for data acquisition optimizations and interpretation of x-ray dark-field images.展开更多
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery by enabling the mobile C-arm with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO)in the man...BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery by enabling the mobile C-arm with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO)in the management of proximal humeral shaft fractures.AIM To evaluate parallax-free panoramic X-ray images during surgery.METHODS A retrospective series of 17 proximal humeral shaft fractures were treated using combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery by enabling the mobile C-arm with MIPO.The operating time and radiation exposure time were recorded,and early postoperative physical therapy and partial weight bearing were encouraged.Patients were followed at regular intervals and evaluated radiographically and clinically.RESULTS The mean operating time and radiation time were 73(range,49-95)minutes and 57(range:36-98)seconds,respectively.No complications occurred during the operation.All fractures healed at an average of 16.9(range:15-23)weeks.The average Constant-Murley score for all the patients was 89.5(range:75-100)points.None of the patients showed symptoms of vascular or nerve damage or wound infection.Three months after the operation,none of the patients developed subacromial impingement syndrome.No loosening or fracture of the implants occurred.The frontal and lateral radiographs showed good alignment.CONCLUSION We consider that MIPO with combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery is an efficient method for treating proximal humeral shaft fractures,and could significantly reduce operative morbidity as well as lower the rate of intra-and postoperative complications.展开更多
This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhance...This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhanced with gated attention mechanisms,to refine segmentation by emphasizing spatially relevant anatomical features while suppressing irrelevant details.By isolating skeletal structures which remain stable over time compared to soft tissues,this method leverages bones as reliable biometric markers for identity verification.The model integrates custom-designed encoder and decoder blocks with attention gates,achieving high segmentation precision.To evaluate the impact of architectural choices,we conducted an ablation study comparing Attention U-Net with and without attentionmechanisms,alongside an analysis of data augmentation effects.Training and evaluation were performed on a curated chest X-ray dataset,with segmentation performance measured using Dice score,precision,and loss functions,achieving over 98% precision and 94% Dice score.The extracted bone structures were further processed to derive unique biometric patterns,enabling robust and privacy-preserving person identification.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of attentionmechanisms in improving segmentation accuracy and underscore the potential of chest bonebased biometrics in forensic and medical imaging.This work paves the way for integrating artificial intelligence into real-world forensic workflows,offering a non-invasive and reliable solution for post-mortem identification.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.展开更多
In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance spec-troscopy, diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion weighted imaging have been used in ord...In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance spec-troscopy, diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion weighted imaging have been used in order to resolve demanding diagnostic prob-lems such as brain tumor characterization and grading, as these techniques offer a more detailed and non-invasive evaluation of the area under study. In the last decade a great effort has been made to import and utilize intelligent systems in the so-called clinical deci-sion support systems(CDSS) for automatic processing, classification, evaluation and representation of MRI data in order for advanced MRI techniques to become a part of the clinical routine, since the amount of data from the aforementioned techniques has gradually inticle is two-fold. The first is to review and evaluate the progress that has been made towards the utilization of CDSS based on data from advanced MRI techniques. The second is to analyze and propose the future work that has to be done, based on the existing problems and challenges, especially taking into account the new imaging techniques and parameters that can be intro-duced into intelligent systems to significantly improve their diagnostic specificity and clinical application.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locore...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic therapy.These treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage patients.Following locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant candidacy.Therefore,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following LRT.LIRADS TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor assessment.In this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical practice.Unique to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.展开更多
Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led ...Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led to successful development of bioinspired cameras that resemble the structures and functions of biological light-sensing organs. In this review, we discuss some recent progresses in mechanics of bioinspired imaging systems, including tunable hemispherical eyeball camera and artificial compound eye camera. The mechanics models and results reviewed in this article can provide efficient tools for design and optimization of such systems, as well as other related optoelectronic systems that combine rigid elements with soft substrates.展开更多
The reasons why thermal imaging systems consume power are analyzed,and a low power consumption design scheme is presented for the thermal imaging systems operating at multiple temperatures. The relation between the re...The reasons why thermal imaging systems consume power are analyzed,and a low power consumption design scheme is presented for the thermal imaging systems operating at multiple temperatures. The relation between the response performance of α-Si microbolometer detector and its operating temperature is studied by means of formulas of microbolometer detector's noise equivalent temperature difference(NETD) and detectivity. Numerical analysis based on true parameters demonstrates that the detectivity decreases slightly and NETD increases slightly when operating temperature rises,which indicates that α-Si microbolometer detector has approximately uniform response in a wide operating temperature range. According to these analyses,a thermal imaging system operating at multiple temperatures is designed. The power of thermoelectric stabilizer(TEC) is less than 350 mW and NETD is less than 120 mK in the ambient temperature range of-40 ℃-60 ℃,which shows that this system not only outputs high-quality images but consumes low power.展开更多
This paper introduces some latest developments regarding the X-ray imaging methodology and applications of the X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1)at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility in the...This paper introduces some latest developments regarding the X-ray imaging methodology and applications of the X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1)at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility in the past 5 years.The photon energy range of the beamline is 8–72.5 keV.Several sets of X-ray imaging detectors with different pixel sizes(0.19–24 lm)are used to realize X-ray microcomputed tomography(X-ray micro-CT)and X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging.To satisfy the requirements of user experiments,new X-ray imaging methods and image processing techniques are developed.In vivo dynamic micro-CT experiments with living insects are performed in 0.5 s(sampling rate of 2 Hz,2 tomograms/s)with a monochromatic beam from a wiggler source and in 40 ms(sampling rate of 25 Hz,25 tomograms/s)with a white beam from a bending magnet source.A new X-ray imaging method known as move contrast X-ray imaging is proposed,with which blood flow and moving tissues in raw images can be distinguished according to their moving frequencies in the time domain.Furthermore,X-ray speckle-tracking imaging with twice exposures to eliminate the edge enhancement effect is developed.A high-precision quantification method is realized to measure complex three-dimensional blood vessels obtained via X-ray micro-CT.X-ray imaging methods such as three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering CT,and X-ray fluorescence CT are developed,in which the X-ray micro-CT imaging method is combined with other contrast mechanisms such as diffraction,scattering,and fluorescence contrasts respectively.Moreover,an X-ray nano-CT experiment is performed with a 100 nm spatial resolution.Typical user experimental results from the fields of material science,biomedicine,paleontology,physics,chemistry,and environmental science obtained on the beamline are provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer patients often lack specific clinical manifestations,making diagnosis difficult.Molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations both have their own advantag...BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer patients often lack specific clinical manifestations,making diagnosis difficult.Molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations both have their own advantages.Thus,a combined examination methodology may improve early breast cancer diagnoses.AIM To explore the combined diagnostic efficacy of molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations in breast cancer.METHODS Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at our hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were recruited,as were the same number of patients during the same period with benign breast tumors.Both groups underwent molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations,and diagnoses were given based on each exam.The single(i.e.,X-ray or MRI)and combined(i.e.,using both methods)diagnoses were counted,and the MRI-related examination parameters(e.g.,T-wave peak,peak and early enhancement rates,and apparent diffusion coefficient)were compared between the groups.RESULTS In total,63 breast cancer patients and 63 benign breast tumor patients were recruited.MRI detected 53 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.Molybdenum target X-ray detected 50 breast cancer cases and 60 benign breast tumor cases.The combined methodology detected 61 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.The sensitivity(96.83%)and accuracy(96.83%)of the combined methodology were higher than single-method MRI(84.13%and 90.48%,respectively)and molybdenum target X-ray(79.37%and 87.30%,respectively)(P<0.05).The combined methodology specificity(96.83%)did not differ from singlemethod MRI(96.83%)or molybdenum target X-ray(95.24%)(P>0.05).The Twave peak(169.43±32.05)and apparent diffusion coefficient(1.01±0.23)were lower in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(228.86±46.51 and 1.41±0.35,respectively).However,the peak enhancement rate(1.08±0.24)and early enhancement rate(1.07±0.26)were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(0.83±0.19 and 0.75±0.19,respectively)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combined molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations for diagnosing breast cancer improved the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy,minimizing the missedand misdiagnoses risks and promoting timely treatment intervention.展开更多
文摘A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81427803 and 61571256)the Beijing Excellent Talents Training Foundation(No.2013D009004000004)
文摘A precise knowledge of geometry is always pivotal to a 3-D X-ray imaging system,such as computed tomography(CT),digital X-ray tomosynthesis,and computed laminography.To get an accurate and reliable reconstruction image,exact knowledge of geometry is indispensable.Nowadays,geometric calibration has become a necessary step after completing CT system installation.Various geometric calibration methods have been reported with the fast development of 3-D X-ray imaging techniques.In these methods,different measuring methods,calibration phantoms or markers,and calculation algorithms were involved with their respective advantages and disadvantages.This paper reviews the history and current state of geometric calibration methods for different3-D X-ray imaging systems.Various calibration algorithms are presented and summarized,followed by our discussion and outlook.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603601,2021YFF0601203,and 2021YFA1600703)。
文摘The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality.Synthetic aperture x-ray ghost imaging(SAXGI)is invented to achieve megapixel XGI with limited measurements,which is expected to implement XGI simultaneously with large field of view and low radiation exposure.In this paper,we experimentally investigate the effect of measurements reduction on the spatial resolution and image quality of SAXGI with standard sample and biomedical specimen.The results with a resolution chart demonstrated that at 360 measurements,SAXGI successfully retrieved the sample image of 1960×1960 pixels with spatial resolution of 4μm.With measurement reduction,the spatial resolution deteriorates but the sparser structures are still discernable.Even with measurements reduced to 10,a spatial resolution of 10μm can still be achieved by SAXGI.A biomedical sample of a fish specimen is employed to evaluate the method and the fish image of 2000×1000 pixels with an SSIM of 0.962 is reconstructed by SAXGI with 770measurements,corresponding to an accumulative exposure reduction of more than 2 times.With the measurements reduced to 10 which corresponds to 1/160 of the accumulative radiation exposure for conventional radiology,bulky structure like the fish skeleton can still be definitely discerned and the SSIM for the reconstructed image still retained 0.9179.Results of this paper demonstrate that measurements reduction is practicable for the radiation exposure reduction of the sample,which implicates that SAXGI with limited measurements is an efficient solution for low dose radiology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971240 and 22271283)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025QC1361)。
文摘The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under Grant Numbers 42322408,42188101,and 42441809Additional support was provided by the Climbing Program of the National Space Science Center(NSSC,Grant No.E4PD3005)as well as the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of China.
文摘A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-dimensional cusp boundary from a two-dimensional X-ray image because the detected X-ray signals will be integrated along the line of sight.In this work,a global magnetohydrodynamic code was used to simulate the X-ray images and photon count images,assuming an interplanetary magnetic field with a pure Bz component.The assumption of an elliptic cusp boundary at a given altitude was used to trace the equatorward and poleward boundaries of the cusp from a simulated X-ray image.The average discrepancy was less than 0.1 RE.To reduce the influence of instrument effects and cosmic X-ray backgrounds,image denoising was considered before applying the method above to SXI photon count images.The cusp boundaries were reasonably reconstructed from the noisy X-ray image.
基金the fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities(x2wjD2240360)for the funding supportMeanwhile,Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/V027433/3)+2 种基金UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding(101077226,EP/Y008707/1)Faraday Institution(EP/S003053/1)Degradation project(FIRG001),Royal Society(IEC\NSFC\233361),QUB Agility Fund and Wright Technology and Research Centre(W-Tech,R5240MEE)Funding from UK aid from the UK Government through the Faraday Institution and the Transforming Energy Access Programme(Grant number FIRG050-Device engineering of Zn-based hybrid micro-flow batteries and by-product H2 collection for Emerging Economies)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFF0503002the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.12333010 and 12233012)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB0560000)supported by the Prominent Postdoctoral Project of Jiangsu Province(2023ZB304)supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant No.XDA15320000.
文摘Imaging observations of solar X-ray bursts can reveal details of the energy release process and particle acceleration in flares.Most hard X-ray imagers make use of the modulation-based Fourier transform imaging method,an indirect imaging technique that requires algorithms to reconstruct and optimize images.During the last decade,a variety of algorithms have been developed and improved.However,it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the image quality of different solutions without a true,reference image of observation.How to choose the values of imaging parameters for these algorithms to get the best performance is also an open question.In this study,we present a detailed test of the characteristics of these algorithms,imaging dynamic range and a crucial parameter for the CLEAN method,clean beam width factor(CBWF).We first used SDO/AIA EUV images to compute DEM maps and calculate thermal X-ray maps.Then these realistic sources and several types of simulated sources are used as the ground truth in the imaging simulations for both RHESSI and ASO-S/HXI.The different solutions are evaluated quantitatively by a number of means.The overall results suggest that EM,PIXON,and CLEAN are exceptional methods for sidelobe elimination,producing images with clear source details.Although MEM_GE,MEM_NJIT,VIS_WV and VIS_CS possess fast imaging processes and generate good images,they too possess associated imperfections unique to each method.The two forward fit algorithms,VF and FF,perform differently,and VF appears to be more robust and useful.We also demonstrated the imaging capability of HXI and available HXI algorithms.Furthermore,the effect of CBWF on image quality was investigated,and the optimal settings for both RHESSI and HXI were proposed.
基金the support of theNational Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20151 and52171253)。
文摘With the increasing demand for oil exploration and subsurface resource development,density imaging plays an increasingly important role in identifying thin layers.However,conventional density imaging tools are limited by poor vertical resolution and therefore suffer from errors in accurately estimating the thickness and relative dip angle of thin layers.This affects the accurate evaluation of thin layer oil and gas reserves.To address this issue,this study evaluates the feasibility of employing novel methods based on advanced tool design.First,an electronically controllable X-ray source is selected to replace the traditional Cs-137 source,aiming to improve the tool's vertical resolution while reducing the radioactive risks commonly associated with chemical sources.Simulation results show that the X-ray tool provides sufficient depth of investigation with better vertical resolution while maintaining the same level of measurement sensitivity.Once the tool design is established,Fisher's optimal segmentation method is improved to enhance the estimation of thin layer thickness and relative dip angle.This is completed by transforming identifying thin layer interface into a mathematical clustering problem.The thin layer interface is fitted using the nonlinear least squares method,which enables the calculation of its parameters.The results demonstrate a 38.5%reduction in RMSE(root mean square error)for thin layer thickness and a 33.7%reduction in RMSE for relative dip angle,demonstrating the superior performance of enhanced X-ray tool in thin layer identification.This study provides a new perspective on the design of density imaging tools and assessment of thin layer,which can help in future thin layer hydrocarbon reserves evaluation and development decisions.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund(No.U2102215)National Natural Science Foundation(No.52472002)+5 种基金Science and Technology Project of Southwest Joint Graduate School of Yunnan Province(No.202302A0370008)2024 Industrial Innovation Talent Support Project(Preparation of luminous materials,performance control and application in plateau agriculture,No.YFGRC202407)National Natural Science Foundation of High-End Foreign Expert Introduction Plan(No.G2022039008L)Academician Workstation of Cherkasova Tatiana in Yunnan Province(No.202305AF150099)Yunnan Province Major Science and Technology Special Plan(No.202302AB080005)and UTS Chancellor’s Research Fellowship Program(No.J.L.,PRO22-15457)the National Health and Medical Research Council(No.J.L.,2025442).
文摘This study explores the application of X-ray-induced photochromism and photoluminescence in optical storage,anti-counterfeiting,non-destructive testing,and high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging.Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu phosphors were synthesized,with Bi enhancing X-ray-induced photochromic prop-erties.Under X-ray irradiation,the phosphors transfer from white to red in bright field conditions and emit red photoluminescence in dark field conditions.Exposure to 470 nm ultraviolet light induces rapid bleaching.The mechanisms of photochromism and photoluminescence,particularly Bi's role as a colorant,were systematically investigated.The Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu phosphors film achieves high resolution,high-lighting its potential for X-ray imaging and non-destructive testing.Furthermore,the flexible Ba_(2)LaNbO_(6):Bi,Eu film supports dual-mode imaging and detection,addressing the limitations of traditional flat dis-plays in 3D imaging.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1532113,11475170,11905041)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2208085MA18)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JZ2022HGTB0244)。
文摘In x-ray dark-field imaging using dual phase grating interferometer,multi-contrast signals are extracted from a set of acquired phase-stepping data by using the least-squares fitting algorithm.The extracted mean intensity,amplitude and visibility signals may be intrinsically biased.However,it is still unclear how large these biases are and how the data acquisition parameters influence the biases in the extracted signals.This work set out to address these questions.Analytical expressions of the biases of the extracted signals were theoretically derived by using a second-order Taylor series expansion.Extensive numerical simulations were performed to validate the theoretical results.It is illustrated that while the estimated mean intensity signal is always unbiased,the estimated amplitude and visibility signals are both positively biased.While the biases of the estimated amplitude signals are proportional to the inverse of the total number of phase steps,the biases of the estimated visibility signals are inversely proportional to the product of the total number of phase steps and the mean number of photons counted per phase step.Meanwhile,it is demonstrated that the dependence of the biases on the mean visibility is quite different from that of Talbot-Lau interferometer due to the difference in the intensity model.We expect that these results can be useful for data acquisition optimizations and interpretation of x-ray dark-field images.
基金Supported by Wuhu Municipal Science and Technology Bureau of Anhui Province,No.2022cg43.
文摘BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery by enabling the mobile C-arm with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO)in the management of proximal humeral shaft fractures.AIM To evaluate parallax-free panoramic X-ray images during surgery.METHODS A retrospective series of 17 proximal humeral shaft fractures were treated using combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery by enabling the mobile C-arm with MIPO.The operating time and radiation exposure time were recorded,and early postoperative physical therapy and partial weight bearing were encouraged.Patients were followed at regular intervals and evaluated radiographically and clinically.RESULTS The mean operating time and radiation time were 73(range,49-95)minutes and 57(range:36-98)seconds,respectively.No complications occurred during the operation.All fractures healed at an average of 16.9(range:15-23)weeks.The average Constant-Murley score for all the patients was 89.5(range:75-100)points.None of the patients showed symptoms of vascular or nerve damage or wound infection.Three months after the operation,none of the patients developed subacromial impingement syndrome.No loosening or fracture of the implants occurred.The frontal and lateral radiographs showed good alignment.CONCLUSION We consider that MIPO with combined parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging during surgery is an efficient method for treating proximal humeral shaft fractures,and could significantly reduce operative morbidity as well as lower the rate of intra-and postoperative complications.
基金funded by Umm Al-Qura University,Saudi Arabia under grant number:25UQU4300346GSSR08.
文摘This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images.The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture,enhanced with gated attention mechanisms,to refine segmentation by emphasizing spatially relevant anatomical features while suppressing irrelevant details.By isolating skeletal structures which remain stable over time compared to soft tissues,this method leverages bones as reliable biometric markers for identity verification.The model integrates custom-designed encoder and decoder blocks with attention gates,achieving high segmentation precision.To evaluate the impact of architectural choices,we conducted an ablation study comparing Attention U-Net with and without attentionmechanisms,alongside an analysis of data augmentation effects.Training and evaluation were performed on a curated chest X-ray dataset,with segmentation performance measured using Dice score,precision,and loss functions,achieving over 98% precision and 94% Dice score.The extracted bone structures were further processed to derive unique biometric patterns,enabling robust and privacy-preserving person identification.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of attentionmechanisms in improving segmentation accuracy and underscore the potential of chest bonebased biometrics in forensic and medical imaging.This work paves the way for integrating artificial intelligence into real-world forensic workflows,offering a non-invasive and reliable solution for post-mortem identification.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.
文摘In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance spec-troscopy, diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion weighted imaging have been used in order to resolve demanding diagnostic prob-lems such as brain tumor characterization and grading, as these techniques offer a more detailed and non-invasive evaluation of the area under study. In the last decade a great effort has been made to import and utilize intelligent systems in the so-called clinical deci-sion support systems(CDSS) for automatic processing, classification, evaluation and representation of MRI data in order for advanced MRI techniques to become a part of the clinical routine, since the amount of data from the aforementioned techniques has gradually inticle is two-fold. The first is to review and evaluate the progress that has been made towards the utilization of CDSS based on data from advanced MRI techniques. The second is to analyze and propose the future work that has to be done, based on the existing problems and challenges, especially taking into account the new imaging techniques and parameters that can be intro-duced into intelligent systems to significantly improve their diagnostic specificity and clinical application.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic therapy.These treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage patients.Following locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant candidacy.Therefore,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following LRT.LIRADS TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor assessment.In this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical practice.Unique to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.
基金support from ACS Petroleum Research Fund(Grant No.53780-DNI7)NSF(Grant No.CMMI-1405355)
文摘Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led to successful development of bioinspired cameras that resemble the structures and functions of biological light-sensing organs. In this review, we discuss some recent progresses in mechanics of bioinspired imaging systems, including tunable hemispherical eyeball camera and artificial compound eye camera. The mechanics models and results reviewed in this article can provide efficient tools for design and optimization of such systems, as well as other related optoelectronic systems that combine rigid elements with soft substrates.
文摘The reasons why thermal imaging systems consume power are analyzed,and a low power consumption design scheme is presented for the thermal imaging systems operating at multiple temperatures. The relation between the response performance of α-Si microbolometer detector and its operating temperature is studied by means of formulas of microbolometer detector's noise equivalent temperature difference(NETD) and detectivity. Numerical analysis based on true parameters demonstrates that the detectivity decreases slightly and NETD increases slightly when operating temperature rises,which indicates that α-Si microbolometer detector has approximately uniform response in a wide operating temperature range. According to these analyses,a thermal imaging system operating at multiple temperatures is designed. The power of thermoelectric stabilizer(TEC) is less than 350 mW and NETD is less than 120 mK in the ambient temperature range of-40 ℃-60 ℃,which shows that this system not only outputs high-quality images but consumes low power.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0403801,2016YFA0401302,2017YFA0206004,2018YFC1200204)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project of China(No.11627901).
文摘This paper introduces some latest developments regarding the X-ray imaging methodology and applications of the X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1)at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility in the past 5 years.The photon energy range of the beamline is 8–72.5 keV.Several sets of X-ray imaging detectors with different pixel sizes(0.19–24 lm)are used to realize X-ray microcomputed tomography(X-ray micro-CT)and X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging.To satisfy the requirements of user experiments,new X-ray imaging methods and image processing techniques are developed.In vivo dynamic micro-CT experiments with living insects are performed in 0.5 s(sampling rate of 2 Hz,2 tomograms/s)with a monochromatic beam from a wiggler source and in 40 ms(sampling rate of 25 Hz,25 tomograms/s)with a white beam from a bending magnet source.A new X-ray imaging method known as move contrast X-ray imaging is proposed,with which blood flow and moving tissues in raw images can be distinguished according to their moving frequencies in the time domain.Furthermore,X-ray speckle-tracking imaging with twice exposures to eliminate the edge enhancement effect is developed.A high-precision quantification method is realized to measure complex three-dimensional blood vessels obtained via X-ray micro-CT.X-ray imaging methods such as three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering CT,and X-ray fluorescence CT are developed,in which the X-ray micro-CT imaging method is combined with other contrast mechanisms such as diffraction,scattering,and fluorescence contrasts respectively.Moreover,an X-ray nano-CT experiment is performed with a 100 nm spatial resolution.Typical user experimental results from the fields of material science,biomedicine,paleontology,physics,chemistry,and environmental science obtained on the beamline are provided.
基金Supported by Clinical Plateau Department,Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Construction Commission,No.PWYgy2018-04.
文摘BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer patients often lack specific clinical manifestations,making diagnosis difficult.Molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations both have their own advantages.Thus,a combined examination methodology may improve early breast cancer diagnoses.AIM To explore the combined diagnostic efficacy of molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations in breast cancer.METHODS Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at our hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were recruited,as were the same number of patients during the same period with benign breast tumors.Both groups underwent molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations,and diagnoses were given based on each exam.The single(i.e.,X-ray or MRI)and combined(i.e.,using both methods)diagnoses were counted,and the MRI-related examination parameters(e.g.,T-wave peak,peak and early enhancement rates,and apparent diffusion coefficient)were compared between the groups.RESULTS In total,63 breast cancer patients and 63 benign breast tumor patients were recruited.MRI detected 53 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.Molybdenum target X-ray detected 50 breast cancer cases and 60 benign breast tumor cases.The combined methodology detected 61 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor cases.The sensitivity(96.83%)and accuracy(96.83%)of the combined methodology were higher than single-method MRI(84.13%and 90.48%,respectively)and molybdenum target X-ray(79.37%and 87.30%,respectively)(P<0.05).The combined methodology specificity(96.83%)did not differ from singlemethod MRI(96.83%)or molybdenum target X-ray(95.24%)(P>0.05).The Twave peak(169.43±32.05)and apparent diffusion coefficient(1.01±0.23)were lower in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(228.86±46.51 and 1.41±0.35,respectively).However,the peak enhancement rate(1.08±0.24)and early enhancement rate(1.07±0.26)were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(0.83±0.19 and 0.75±0.19,respectively)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combined molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations for diagnosing breast cancer improved the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy,minimizing the missedand misdiagnoses risks and promoting timely treatment intervention.
