BACKGROUND NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is recognized as an essential modulator of renal disease pathology.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are active participators of diabetic nephropathy(DN).X inactive specific transcript(X...BACKGROUND NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is recognized as an essential modulator of renal disease pathology.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are active participators of diabetic nephropathy(DN).X inactive specific transcript(XIST)expression has been reported to be elevated in the serum of DN patients.AIM To evaluate the mechanism of lncRNA XIST in renal tubular epithelial cell(RTEC)pyroptosis in DN.METHODS A DN rat model was established through streptozotocin injection,and XIST was knocked down by tail vein injection of the lentivirus LV sh-XIST.Renal metabolic and biochemical indices were detected,and pathological changes in the renal tissue were assessed.The expression of indicators related to inflammation and pyroptosis was also detected.High glucose(HG)was used to treat HK2 cells,and cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity were detected after silencing XIST.The subcellular localization and downstream mechanism of XIST were investigated.Finally,a rescue experiment was carried out to verify that XIST regulates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis through the microRNA-15-5p(miR-15b-5p)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)axis.RESULTS XIST was highly expressed in the DN models.XIST silencing improved renal metabolism and biochemical indices and mitigated renal injury.The expression of inflammation and pyroptosis indicators was significantly increased in DN rats and HG-treated HK2 cells;cell viability was decreased and LDH activity was increased after HGtreatment. Silencing XIST inhibited RTEC pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Mechanistically,XIST sponged miR-15b-5p to regulate TLR4. Silencing XIST inhibited TLR4 by promotingmiR-15b-5p. miR-15b-5p inhibition or TLR4 overexpression averted the inhibitory effect ofsilencing XIST on HG-induced RTEC pyroptosis.CONCLUSIONSilencing XIST inhibits TLR4 by upregulating miR-15b-5p and ultimately inhibits renal injury inDN by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death therapy has thrust immunotherapy into the spotlight.However,such therapy has a modest response in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epigenetic immunomodulation is a suggestive combinatoria...BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death therapy has thrust immunotherapy into the spotlight.However,such therapy has a modest response in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epigenetic immunomodulation is a suggestive combinatorial therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.Non-coding ribonucleic acid(ncRNA)driven regulation is a major mechanism of epigenetic modulation.Given the wide range of ncRNAs that co-opt in programmed cell-death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)regulation,and based on the literature,we hypothesized that miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)X-inactive specific transcript(XIST)and MALAT-1 are involved in a regulatory upstream pathway for PD-1/PD-L1.Recently,nutraceutical therapeutics in cancers have received increasing attention.Thus,it is interesting to study the impact of oleuropein on the respective study key players.AIM To explore potential upstream regulatory ncRNAs for the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1.METHODS Bioinformatics tools including microrna.org and lnCeDB software were adopted to detect targeting of miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1 to PD-L1 mRNA,respectively.In addition,Diana tool was used to predict targeting of both aforementioned miRNAs to lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1.HCC and normal tissue samples were collected for scanning of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1 expression.To study the interaction among miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p,lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1,as well as PD-L1 mRNA,a series of transfections of the Huh-7 cell line was carried out.RESULTS Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-155-5p and miR-194-5p can target PDL1,MALAT-1 and XIST.MALAT-1 and XIST were predicted to target PD-L1 mRNA.PD-L1 and XIST were significantly upregulated in 23 HCC biopsies compared to healthy controls;however,MALAT-1 was barely detected.MiR-194 induced expression elevated the expression of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1.However,overexpression of miR-155-5p induced the upregulation of PD-L1 and XIST,while it had a negative impact on MALAT-1 expression.Knockdown of XIST did have an impact on PD-L1 expression;however,following knockdown of the negative regulator of X-inactive specific transcript(TSIX),PD-L1 expression was elevated,and abolished MALAT-1 activity.Upon co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siMALAT-1,PD-L1 expression was elevated.Co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siXIST did not have an impact on PD-L1 expression.Upon co-transfection of miR-194 with siTSIX,PD-L1 expression was upregulated.Interestingly,the same PD-L1 expression pattern was observed following miR-155-5p cotransfections.Oleuropein treatment of Huh-7 cells reduced the expression profile of PD-L1,XIST,and miR-155-5p,upregulated the expression of miR-194-5p and had no significant impact on the MALAT-1 expression profile.CONCLUSION This study reported a novel finding revealing that opposing acting miRNAs in HCC,have the same impact on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint by sharing a common signaling pathway.展开更多
Germlines in plants are formed de novo during post-embryonic development, while little is known about the mechanism that controls this process. In Arabidopsis, the earliest gene controlling this process is SPOROCYTELE...Germlines in plants are formed de novo during post-embryonic development, while little is known about the mechanism that controls this process. In Arabidopsis, the earliest gene controlling this process is SPOROCYTELESS （SPL）. A decade ago, we showed that loss of SPL function abolished sporogenesis in both male and female organs of Arabidopsis. However, its function is unclear up to now. In this study, we showed that SPL belongs to a novel transcription repressor family specific in embryophyte, which consists of 173 members in the land plants so far. All of them contain a conserved SPL-motif in their N-terminal and an ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression （EAR） motif in the C-terminal, therefore designated as SPL-like, EAR-containing proteins （SPEARs）. Consis- tently, SPL acts as a transcriptional repressor in yeast and tobacco cells, and SPEAR proteins are able to form homodimer and/or het- erodimer with each other in vitro. Furthermore, SPEARs interact with the TOPLESS （TPL） co-repressors via the EAR motif and TCP family transcription factors in yeast cells. Together, we propose that SPL and SPEARs most likely belong to a novel transcription repressor family in land plants which may play a variety of developmental roles in plants.展开更多
The present work presents an iin silicoi analysis of Upstream Regulatory Modules (URMs) of genes expressed in tapetum specific manner in dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants. In the current analysis, we identified sev...The present work presents an iin silicoi analysis of Upstream Regulatory Modules (URMs) of genes expressed in tapetum specific manner in dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants. In the current analysis, we identified several motifs conserved in these URMs of which ten were observed to be part of known icisi-elements using tools and databases like MEME, PLACE, MAST and TFSEARCH. We also identified that binding sites for two transcription factors, DOF and WRKY71 were found to be present in majority of the URMs.展开更多
Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patien...Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patient survival.Results of knockdown and overexpression of Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4 in pancreatic and other cancer lines show that these TFs are individually pro-oncogenic factors and loss of one Sp TF is not compensated by other members.NR4A1 is also a prooncogenic factor and both NR4A1 and Sp TFs exhibit similar functions in pancreatic cancer cells and regulate cell growth,survival,migration and invasion.There is also evidence that Sp TFs and NR4A1 regulate some of the same genes including survivin,epidermal growth factor receptor,PAX3-FOXO1,α5-andα6-integrins,β1-,β3-andβ4-integrins;this is due to NR4A1 acting as a cofactor and mediating NR4A1/Sp1/4-regulated gene expression through GC-rich gene promoter sites.Several studies show that drugs targeting Sp downregulation or NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective inhibitors of Sp/NR4A1-regulated pathways and genes in pancreatic and other cancer cells,and the triterpenoid celastrol is a novel dual-acting agent that targets both Sp TFs and NR4A1.展开更多
As part of our efforts to identify novel contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional profiling on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectively, using Affymetr...As part of our efforts to identify novel contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional profiling on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectively, using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. A total of 17 096 and 16 360 probe sets representing transcripts were identified as being expressed in the segmented mouse and rat epididymal transcriptomes, respectively. Comparison of the expressed murine transcripts against a mouse transcriptional profiling database derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 transcripts that were expressed uniquely in the epididymis. The expression of these genes was further evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis of RNA from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR analysis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta 13 and identified two additional genes with expression restricted only to the epididymis and testis. Comparison of the 16 360 expressed transcripts in the rat epididymis with data of 21 other tissues from a rat transcriptional profiling database identified 110 transcripts specific for the epididymis. Sixty-two of these transcripts were further investigated by qPCR analysis. Only Defensin 22 （E3 epididymal protein） was shown to be completely specific for the epididymis. In addition, 14 transcripts showed more than 100-fold selective expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might play important roles in epididymal and/or sperm function and further investigation and validation as contraceptive targets are warranted. The results of the studies described in this report are available at the Mammalian Reproductive Genetics （MRG） Database （http：//mrg. genetics.washington.edu/）. （Asian J Androl 2007July; 9： 522-527）展开更多
Over the past decade,high-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)has vastly expanded our understanding of transcriptome dynamics in human physiology and disease.As a powerful tool for investigating systematic changes in RN...Over the past decade,high-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)has vastly expanded our understanding of transcriptome dynamics in human physiology and disease.As a powerful tool for investigating systematic changes in RNA biology,RNA-seq has facilitated the discovery of novel functional RNA species.Mature RNA transcripts,which transmit genetic information from DNA to proteins,undergo intricate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.This process allows a single gene to produce multiple RNA transcripts,each performing specific functions depending on the physiological or pathological context.Specific RNA transcripts(SRTs)are uniquely expressed in particular tissues or tumors and are closely associated with tissue-specific functions or disease states,particularly cancer.This review explores the generation of SRTs through key mechanisms,such as alternative splicing(AS),transcriptional regulation,polyadenylation(polyA),and the influence of transposable elements(TEs).We also examine their critical roles in normal tissue development and diseases,with an emphasis on their relevance to cancer.Furthermore,the potential applications of SRTs in diagnosing and treating diseases,especially malignancies,are discussed.By serving as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets,SRTs hold significant promise in the development of personalized medicine and precision therapies.This review aims to provide new insights into the importance of SRTs in advancing the understanding and treatment of human diseases.展开更多
Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord...Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.展开更多
目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)生长阻滞特异性转录物5(GAS5)基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病的关联性。方法:选取2018年5月~2019年5月在广西右江民族医学院附属医院生殖医学中心确诊的236例PCOS患者作为病例组,同时选取同期性...目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)生长阻滞特异性转录物5(GAS5)基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病的关联性。方法:选取2018年5月~2019年5月在广西右江民族医学院附属医院生殖医学中心确诊的236例PCOS患者作为病例组,同时选取同期性别、年龄相匹配的277例健康女性作为对照组,采用iMLDR单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型方法检测GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D、rs55829688 C/T和rs6790 G/A位点基因型。采用logistic回归分析GAS5基因多态性与PCOS的相关性。结果:GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D位点多态性在对照组和PCOS组之间差异有统计学意义,logistic回归分析结果显示,与I/I基因型相比,I/D和D/D基因型以及显性模型I/D+D/D具有较低的PCOS发病风险[I/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.42,0.88),P=0.009;D/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.44(0.23,0.84),P=0.013;I/D+D/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.40,0.81),P=0.002];与I等位基因相比,D等位基因显著降低PCOS的发病风险[D vs I:OR(95%CI)=0.62(0.47,0.82),P=0.001]。rs55829688 C/T和rs6790 G/A位点多态性在对照组和PCOS组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单倍型联合分析显示D-T-A单倍型在对照组和PCOS组间的分布差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.45,0.84),P=0.002]。结论:GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D位点多态性可能与PCOS遗传易感性相关,即携带D等位基因的个体可能具有较低的PCOS发病风险。展开更多
Flavonoid biosynthetic genes are often coordinately regulated in a temporal manner during flower or fruit development, resulting in specific accumulation profiles of flavonoid compounds. R2R3-MYB-type transcription fa...Flavonoid biosynthetic genes are often coordinately regulated in a temporal manner during flower or fruit development, resulting in specific accumulation profiles of flavonoid compounds. R2R3-MYB-type transcription factors （TFs） ＂recruit＂ a set of biosynthetic genes to produce flavonoids, and, therefore, R2R3-MYBs are responsible for the coordinated expression of structural genes. Although a wealth of information regarding the identified and functionally characterized R2R3-MYBs that are involved in flavonoid accumulation is available to date, this is the first review on the global regulation of MYB factors in the flavonoid pathway. The data presented in this review demonstrate that anthocyanin, flavone/flavonol/3-deoxyflavonoid （FFD）, proanthocyanidin （PA）, and isoflavonoid are independently regulated by different subgroups of R2R3-MYBs. Furthermore, FFD-specific R2R3-MYBs have a preference for early biosynthetic genes （EBGs） as their target genes; anthocyanin-specific R2R3-MYBs from dicot species essentially regulate late biosynthetic genes （LBGs）; the remaining R2R3-MYBs have a wider range of target gene specificity. To elucidate the nature of the differential target gene specificity between R2R3-MYBs, we analyzed the DNA binding domain （also termed the MYB-domain） of R2R3-MYBs and the distribution of the recognition cis-elements. We identified four conserved amino acid residues located in or just before helix-3 of dicot anthocyanin R2R3-MYBs that might account for the different recognition DNA sequence and subsequently the different target gene specificity to the remaining R2R3-MYB TFs.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University General Hospital (SUGH2020QD011)
文摘BACKGROUND NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is recognized as an essential modulator of renal disease pathology.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are active participators of diabetic nephropathy(DN).X inactive specific transcript(XIST)expression has been reported to be elevated in the serum of DN patients.AIM To evaluate the mechanism of lncRNA XIST in renal tubular epithelial cell(RTEC)pyroptosis in DN.METHODS A DN rat model was established through streptozotocin injection,and XIST was knocked down by tail vein injection of the lentivirus LV sh-XIST.Renal metabolic and biochemical indices were detected,and pathological changes in the renal tissue were assessed.The expression of indicators related to inflammation and pyroptosis was also detected.High glucose(HG)was used to treat HK2 cells,and cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity were detected after silencing XIST.The subcellular localization and downstream mechanism of XIST were investigated.Finally,a rescue experiment was carried out to verify that XIST regulates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis through the microRNA-15-5p(miR-15b-5p)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)axis.RESULTS XIST was highly expressed in the DN models.XIST silencing improved renal metabolism and biochemical indices and mitigated renal injury.The expression of inflammation and pyroptosis indicators was significantly increased in DN rats and HG-treated HK2 cells;cell viability was decreased and LDH activity was increased after HGtreatment. Silencing XIST inhibited RTEC pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Mechanistically,XIST sponged miR-15b-5p to regulate TLR4. Silencing XIST inhibited TLR4 by promotingmiR-15b-5p. miR-15b-5p inhibition or TLR4 overexpression averted the inhibitory effect ofsilencing XIST on HG-induced RTEC pyroptosis.CONCLUSIONSilencing XIST inhibits TLR4 by upregulating miR-15b-5p and ultimately inhibits renal injury inDN by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated RTEC pyroptosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death therapy has thrust immunotherapy into the spotlight.However,such therapy has a modest response in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epigenetic immunomodulation is a suggestive combinatorial therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.Non-coding ribonucleic acid(ncRNA)driven regulation is a major mechanism of epigenetic modulation.Given the wide range of ncRNAs that co-opt in programmed cell-death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)regulation,and based on the literature,we hypothesized that miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)X-inactive specific transcript(XIST)and MALAT-1 are involved in a regulatory upstream pathway for PD-1/PD-L1.Recently,nutraceutical therapeutics in cancers have received increasing attention.Thus,it is interesting to study the impact of oleuropein on the respective study key players.AIM To explore potential upstream regulatory ncRNAs for the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1.METHODS Bioinformatics tools including microrna.org and lnCeDB software were adopted to detect targeting of miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1 to PD-L1 mRNA,respectively.In addition,Diana tool was used to predict targeting of both aforementioned miRNAs to lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1.HCC and normal tissue samples were collected for scanning of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1 expression.To study the interaction among miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p,lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1,as well as PD-L1 mRNA,a series of transfections of the Huh-7 cell line was carried out.RESULTS Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-155-5p and miR-194-5p can target PDL1,MALAT-1 and XIST.MALAT-1 and XIST were predicted to target PD-L1 mRNA.PD-L1 and XIST were significantly upregulated in 23 HCC biopsies compared to healthy controls;however,MALAT-1 was barely detected.MiR-194 induced expression elevated the expression of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1.However,overexpression of miR-155-5p induced the upregulation of PD-L1 and XIST,while it had a negative impact on MALAT-1 expression.Knockdown of XIST did have an impact on PD-L1 expression;however,following knockdown of the negative regulator of X-inactive specific transcript(TSIX),PD-L1 expression was elevated,and abolished MALAT-1 activity.Upon co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siMALAT-1,PD-L1 expression was elevated.Co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siXIST did not have an impact on PD-L1 expression.Upon co-transfection of miR-194 with siTSIX,PD-L1 expression was upregulated.Interestingly,the same PD-L1 expression pattern was observed following miR-155-5p cotransfections.Oleuropein treatment of Huh-7 cells reduced the expression profile of PD-L1,XIST,and miR-155-5p,upregulated the expression of miR-194-5p and had no significant impact on the MALAT-1 expression profile.CONCLUSION This study reported a novel finding revealing that opposing acting miRNAs in HCC,have the same impact on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint by sharing a common signaling pathway.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.30921003)Major Research Plan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2013CB945100)
文摘Germlines in plants are formed de novo during post-embryonic development, while little is known about the mechanism that controls this process. In Arabidopsis, the earliest gene controlling this process is SPOROCYTELESS （SPL）. A decade ago, we showed that loss of SPL function abolished sporogenesis in both male and female organs of Arabidopsis. However, its function is unclear up to now. In this study, we showed that SPL belongs to a novel transcription repressor family specific in embryophyte, which consists of 173 members in the land plants so far. All of them contain a conserved SPL-motif in their N-terminal and an ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression （EAR） motif in the C-terminal, therefore designated as SPL-like, EAR-containing proteins （SPEARs）. Consis- tently, SPL acts as a transcriptional repressor in yeast and tobacco cells, and SPEAR proteins are able to form homodimer and/or het- erodimer with each other in vitro. Furthermore, SPEARs interact with the TOPLESS （TPL） co-repressors via the EAR motif and TCP family transcription factors in yeast cells. Together, we propose that SPL and SPEARs most likely belong to a novel transcription repressor family in land plants which may play a variety of developmental roles in plants.
文摘The present work presents an iin silicoi analysis of Upstream Regulatory Modules (URMs) of genes expressed in tapetum specific manner in dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants. In the current analysis, we identified several motifs conserved in these URMs of which ten were observed to be part of known icisi-elements using tools and databases like MEME, PLACE, MAST and TFSEARCH. We also identified that binding sites for two transcription factors, DOF and WRKY71 were found to be present in majority of the URMs.
基金Supported by Houston Methodist Cancer Center Innovation Award。
文摘Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patient survival.Results of knockdown and overexpression of Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4 in pancreatic and other cancer lines show that these TFs are individually pro-oncogenic factors and loss of one Sp TF is not compensated by other members.NR4A1 is also a prooncogenic factor and both NR4A1 and Sp TFs exhibit similar functions in pancreatic cancer cells and regulate cell growth,survival,migration and invasion.There is also evidence that Sp TFs and NR4A1 regulate some of the same genes including survivin,epidermal growth factor receptor,PAX3-FOXO1,α5-andα6-integrins,β1-,β3-andβ4-integrins;this is due to NR4A1 acting as a cofactor and mediating NR4A1/Sp1/4-regulated gene expression through GC-rich gene promoter sites.Several studies show that drugs targeting Sp downregulation or NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective inhibitors of Sp/NR4A1-regulated pathways and genes in pancreatic and other cancer cells,and the triterpenoid celastrol is a novel dual-acting agent that targets both Sp TFs and NR4A1.
文摘As part of our efforts to identify novel contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional profiling on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectively, using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. A total of 17 096 and 16 360 probe sets representing transcripts were identified as being expressed in the segmented mouse and rat epididymal transcriptomes, respectively. Comparison of the expressed murine transcripts against a mouse transcriptional profiling database derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 transcripts that were expressed uniquely in the epididymis. The expression of these genes was further evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis of RNA from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR analysis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta 13 and identified two additional genes with expression restricted only to the epididymis and testis. Comparison of the 16 360 expressed transcripts in the rat epididymis with data of 21 other tissues from a rat transcriptional profiling database identified 110 transcripts specific for the epididymis. Sixty-two of these transcripts were further investigated by qPCR analysis. Only Defensin 22 （E3 epididymal protein） was shown to be completely specific for the epididymis. In addition, 14 transcripts showed more than 100-fold selective expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might play important roles in epididymal and/or sperm function and further investigation and validation as contraceptive targets are warranted. The results of the studies described in this report are available at the Mammalian Reproductive Genetics （MRG） Database （http：//mrg. genetics.washington.edu/）. （Asian J Androl 2007July; 9： 522-527）
基金supported by grants from the National Key Specialized Program of China(No.2024YFC3405903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82472641 and 8217293).
文摘Over the past decade,high-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)has vastly expanded our understanding of transcriptome dynamics in human physiology and disease.As a powerful tool for investigating systematic changes in RNA biology,RNA-seq has facilitated the discovery of novel functional RNA species.Mature RNA transcripts,which transmit genetic information from DNA to proteins,undergo intricate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.This process allows a single gene to produce multiple RNA transcripts,each performing specific functions depending on the physiological or pathological context.Specific RNA transcripts(SRTs)are uniquely expressed in particular tissues or tumors and are closely associated with tissue-specific functions or disease states,particularly cancer.This review explores the generation of SRTs through key mechanisms,such as alternative splicing(AS),transcriptional regulation,polyadenylation(polyA),and the influence of transposable elements(TEs).We also examine their critical roles in normal tissue development and diseases,with an emphasis on their relevance to cancer.Furthermore,the potential applications of SRTs in diagnosing and treating diseases,especially malignancies,are discussed.By serving as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets,SRTs hold significant promise in the development of personalized medicine and precision therapies.This review aims to provide new insights into the importance of SRTs in advancing the understanding and treatment of human diseases.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund,No.2021A1515011299(to KT)。
文摘Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.
文摘目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)生长阻滞特异性转录物5(GAS5)基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病的关联性。方法:选取2018年5月~2019年5月在广西右江民族医学院附属医院生殖医学中心确诊的236例PCOS患者作为病例组,同时选取同期性别、年龄相匹配的277例健康女性作为对照组,采用iMLDR单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型方法检测GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D、rs55829688 C/T和rs6790 G/A位点基因型。采用logistic回归分析GAS5基因多态性与PCOS的相关性。结果:GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D位点多态性在对照组和PCOS组之间差异有统计学意义,logistic回归分析结果显示,与I/I基因型相比,I/D和D/D基因型以及显性模型I/D+D/D具有较低的PCOS发病风险[I/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.42,0.88),P=0.009;D/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.44(0.23,0.84),P=0.013;I/D+D/D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.40,0.81),P=0.002];与I等位基因相比,D等位基因显著降低PCOS的发病风险[D vs I:OR(95%CI)=0.62(0.47,0.82),P=0.001]。rs55829688 C/T和rs6790 G/A位点多态性在对照组和PCOS组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单倍型联合分析显示D-T-A单倍型在对照组和PCOS组间的分布差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.45,0.84),P=0.002]。结论:GAS5基因rs145204276 I/D位点多态性可能与PCOS遗传易感性相关,即携带D等位基因的个体可能具有较低的PCOS发病风险。
文摘Flavonoid biosynthetic genes are often coordinately regulated in a temporal manner during flower or fruit development, resulting in specific accumulation profiles of flavonoid compounds. R2R3-MYB-type transcription factors （TFs） ＂recruit＂ a set of biosynthetic genes to produce flavonoids, and, therefore, R2R3-MYBs are responsible for the coordinated expression of structural genes. Although a wealth of information regarding the identified and functionally characterized R2R3-MYBs that are involved in flavonoid accumulation is available to date, this is the first review on the global regulation of MYB factors in the flavonoid pathway. The data presented in this review demonstrate that anthocyanin, flavone/flavonol/3-deoxyflavonoid （FFD）, proanthocyanidin （PA）, and isoflavonoid are independently regulated by different subgroups of R2R3-MYBs. Furthermore, FFD-specific R2R3-MYBs have a preference for early biosynthetic genes （EBGs） as their target genes; anthocyanin-specific R2R3-MYBs from dicot species essentially regulate late biosynthetic genes （LBGs）; the remaining R2R3-MYBs have a wider range of target gene specificity. To elucidate the nature of the differential target gene specificity between R2R3-MYBs, we analyzed the DNA binding domain （also termed the MYB-domain） of R2R3-MYBs and the distribution of the recognition cis-elements. We identified four conserved amino acid residues located in or just before helix-3 of dicot anthocyanin R2R3-MYBs that might account for the different recognition DNA sequence and subsequently the different target gene specificity to the remaining R2R3-MYB TFs.
