According to the classic Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)theorem,at every step of incremental support vector machine(SVM)learning,the newly adding sample which violates the KKT conditions will be a new support vector(SV)and mi...According to the classic Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)theorem,at every step of incremental support vector machine(SVM)learning,the newly adding sample which violates the KKT conditions will be a new support vector(SV)and migrate the old samples between SV set and non-support vector(NSV)set,and at the same time the learning model should be updated based on the SVs.However,it is not exactly clear at this moment that which of the old samples would change between SVs and NSVs.Additionally,the learning model will be unnecessarily updated,which will not greatly increase its accuracy but decrease the training speed.Therefore,how to choose the new SVs from old sets during the incremental stages and when to process incremental steps will greatly influence the accuracy and efficiency of incremental SVM learning.In this work,a new algorithm is proposed to select candidate SVs and use the wrongly predicted sample to trigger the incremental processing simultaneously.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good performance with high efficiency,high speed and good accuracy.展开更多
When reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity in the USA a few years ago,the magazine U.S.News & World Report stated: "...some 17 percent of kids are now obese,which means they’re at or above the 95th p...When reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity in the USA a few years ago,the magazine U.S.News & World Report stated: "...some 17 percent of kids are now obese,which means they’re at or above the 95th percentile for weight in relation to height for their age;an additional 17 percent are overweight, or at or over the 85th percentile." Anyone with some basic training in measurement or statistics will realize that this statement is incorrect.This is because the percentile is defined as the value below which a certain percent of observations fall in a population.For example,the展开更多
One man was having his meal in an inn while a little dog keptbarking toward him. He was very puzzled ahout this and he asked theboss what was wrong with the dog. 'I’m so sorry to tell you that we haven’t plates ...One man was having his meal in an inn while a little dog keptbarking toward him. He was very puzzled ahout this and he asked theboss what was wrong with the dog. 'I’m so sorry to tell you that we haven’t plates enough and展开更多
Money Scatters Everywhere in China It is said that the saving ratio of China is close to 40%.Authoritative persons thus analyze in this way: theoretically, 40% saving ratio of a country is enough tosustain its economi...Money Scatters Everywhere in China It is said that the saving ratio of China is close to 40%.Authoritative persons thus analyze in this way: theoretically, 40% saving ratio of a country is enough tosustain its economic growth at the rate over 10% even at thetime of its economic take-off; practically, "Four Tigers" inAsia achieved high economic growth in 1960s and 1970s withtheir saving ratio only about 30%. Conclusion: with the 40% saving ratio, or domesticfunds, China can fully sustain the growth rate of 8-9 % thisyear. The question remains: why do we want to introduceforeign funds? Why do we allow foreigners to come and maketens percent of profit while we can only get bits of展开更多
The Poor Becomes Even Poorer, And TheRich Becomes Even Richer-The Mat-thew Effect In Foreign Investmenthe nature of the capital is keen on the rich but cold-shoul-der the poor. If you are rich, dollars, pounds or RMBs...The Poor Becomes Even Poorer, And TheRich Becomes Even Richer-The Mat-thew Effect In Foreign Investmenthe nature of the capital is keen on the rich but cold-shoul-der the poor. If you are rich, dollars, pounds or RMBs wouldgreet you with a genial smile. If you are poor, you will beignored. Maybe, you will be provided with some "grants", to showtheir generosity and mercy. Nevertheless, with regard to invest-ment, not a chance.Therefore, foreign investment in China takes the followingshape:by regions, the realized foreign investment in the 18 prov-inces and autonomous regions of the Mid-West accounts for lessthan 10% of the national total even though the area is in greatneed of funds; by industrial sectors, agriculture has only a tinyshare of less than 2% of total foreign investment in China eventhough it cniovs first Prioritv in economic development and de-mands immediate strengthening; likewise, foreign investment展开更多
This study attempts to find the wrong ellipsis made by the Chinese EFL learners due to the pull of Chinese equivalent sentence patterns. The findings are three folded in that： all the subjects committed errors of wro...This study attempts to find the wrong ellipsis made by the Chinese EFL learners due to the pull of Chinese equivalent sentence patterns. The findings are three folded in that： all the subjects committed errors of wrong ellipsis affected by Chinese; the performance of the beginners and that of the pre-intermediate learners contrasted a interlanguage continuum; minor differences between two languages tend to cause the learner more confusion.展开更多
Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming....Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.展开更多
Chinglish exists widely in college students' speaking and writing. This paper explores college students' attitudes toward Chinglish through a questionnaire. A primary finding is that most college students acce...Chinglish exists widely in college students' speaking and writing. This paper explores college students' attitudes toward Chinglish through a questionnaire. A primary finding is that most college students accept Chinglish as legitimate communication, considering it to be 1) a tool to energize or vivify the social atmosphere, and 2) a source of catchwords and phrases specifically employed in communication with friends. Despite their acceptance and use of Chinglish, the questionnaire reveals, also,that college students lack linguistic understanding of Chinglish and are unaware of how it may interfere with acquisition of correct English. The analysis of the questionnaire also has some implications in college English teaching.展开更多
Mr and Mrs Smith were going to America for their holidays. They had a dog called Billy. They liked him very much. But they couldn’t take him to America with the m. So they found a place to leave him while they were a...Mr and Mrs Smith were going to America for their holidays. They had a dog called Billy. They liked him very much. But they couldn’t take him to America with the m. So they found a place to leave him while they were away. At the end of their holidays they got back to England very late at night. So they didn’t go to get B illy back. The next morning Mr Smith got into his car and drove happily to get B illy. When he got home with the dog he said to his wife, "Dear, I don’t think Bi lly has enjoyed展开更多
Case: On July 9, 2003, the people’s procuratorate of Ansai County, Shaanxi Province arrested three judges, Zhang Hongming, Liu Jianzhong and Xue Sheng of the people’s court of Zichang County of the same province on ...Case: On July 9, 2003, the people’s procuratorate of Ansai County, Shaanxi Province arrested three judges, Zhang Hongming, Liu Jianzhong and Xue Sheng of the people’s court of Zichang County of the same province on charges of "unlawful detention." On September 29, 2003, Ansai people’s court declared the three judges innocent and immediately released them. On September 30, 2003, Ansai people’s procuratorate protested the judgment and appealed to the intermediate people’s court of Yan’an city. On December 18, 2003, the Yan’an展开更多
A child＇s disappearance is always a tragedy, and spreading information to as many people as possible is a critical factor in the race to rescue the child. For this purpose, Qingdao Kingtex International, a bottled wa...A child＇s disappearance is always a tragedy, and spreading information to as many people as possible is a critical factor in the race to rescue the child. For this purpose, Qingdao Kingtex International, a bottled water compa- ny in China, started putting pictures of miss- ing children on its packaging. On the bottle labels, consumers can also find the children＇s birth dates and a hotline number to report any useful clues.展开更多
Based on past studies, exit ramp terminals are the common locations for drivers to enter a physically separated highway in the wrong direction. Currently, many drivers, especially nonlocal drivers, often rely on voice...Based on past studies, exit ramp terminals are the common locations for drivers to enter a physically separated highway in the wrong direction. Currently, many drivers, especially nonlocal drivers, often rely on voice-guided navigation apps and Global Positioning System （GPS） devices to navigate their routes on and off freeways. A few studies have reported that GPS devices sometimes give drivers wrong information and cause wrong-way entry into a freeway, especially at some confusing interchanges, such as partial cloverleaf and compressed diamond interchanges. The access points located close to exit ramps may also cause a problem for GPS devices in sending accurate voice-guidance. It is unknown if current GPS devices are capable of properly informing drivers regarding turning movements in advance of exit ramp terminals at some common interchanges. The objective of this study is to evaluate the most commonly used GPS devices/navigation apps to identify existing problems and their potential for reducing wrong-way driving （WWD） incidents at interchange terminals. Field experiments were conducted at 10 common freeway interchanges or interchanges with nearby access driveways in the state of Alabama. Results show that most GPS devices have difficulty in providing correct guidance when the spacing between an access point and an exit ramp is less than 300 feet. Our comparison of five different GPS devices used on the same routes reveals that navigation apps have more limitations in guiding drivers than stand-alone GPS devices. Recommendations are offered to help GPS mapping companies improve their devices or add new features to reduce the occurrence of WWD.展开更多
Relations between China and Australia became strained recently as an anti-China sentiment has been spreading inside Australia. In recent months, some Australian politicians repeatedly attacked China for ＂interfering...Relations between China and Australia became strained recently as an anti-China sentiment has been spreading inside Australia. In recent months, some Australian politicians repeatedly attacked China for ＂interfering＂ in Australian politics and called for measures to reject China＇s influence in Australia. Australia＇s media also added fuel to the flames by reporting imaginary ＂infiltration＂ by China.展开更多
U.S.lawmakers urge Congress to issue an official statement of regret for past anti-Chinese discriminatory laws Few Americans know the United States,their homeland and the supposed land of the free,once targeted Chines...U.S.lawmakers urge Congress to issue an official statement of regret for past anti-Chinese discriminatory laws Few Americans know the United States,their homeland and the supposed land of the free,once targeted Chinesei mmigrants in a series of racial exclusion acts.展开更多
Each year, hundreds of fatal wrong-way driving （WWD） crashes occur across the United States. Thousands of injuries are reported in crashes caused by wrong-way drivers. Traffic control devices （TCDs）, i.e., signs, ...Each year, hundreds of fatal wrong-way driving （WWD） crashes occur across the United States. Thousands of injuries are reported in crashes caused by wrong-way drivers. Traffic control devices （TCDs）, i.e., signs, pavement markings, and signals, have been introduced since 1935 to combat this problem. The aim of the paper is to provide a complete history of TCDs for deterring WWD on freeways and divided highways in previous versions of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices （MUTCD） （1935-2009）. A fully referenced overview of definitions, text passages, and figures of the TCDs, employed to deter WWD in all MUTCD versions, will be given to characterize the changes over time. In addition, the efforts that have been made by state department of transportation （DOT） especially over the past few years to aggressively attack WWD by deploying standard TCDs are reviewed. Finally, the paper makes conclusions and recommendations with regard to the necessity of a revision in the next edition of MUTCD for WWD TCDs. The investigation of changes and the current practice leave a trail to enable traffic engineers and policy makers to consider past decisions and their effectiveness in combating WWD, as well as providing a reference to determine whether or not their jurisdiction meets the MUTCD standards.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1509207 and 61325019)
文摘According to the classic Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)theorem,at every step of incremental support vector machine(SVM)learning,the newly adding sample which violates the KKT conditions will be a new support vector(SV)and migrate the old samples between SV set and non-support vector(NSV)set,and at the same time the learning model should be updated based on the SVs.However,it is not exactly clear at this moment that which of the old samples would change between SVs and NSVs.Additionally,the learning model will be unnecessarily updated,which will not greatly increase its accuracy but decrease the training speed.Therefore,how to choose the new SVs from old sets during the incremental stages and when to process incremental steps will greatly influence the accuracy and efficiency of incremental SVM learning.In this work,a new algorithm is proposed to select candidate SVs and use the wrongly predicted sample to trigger the incremental processing simultaneously.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good performance with high efficiency,high speed and good accuracy.
文摘When reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity in the USA a few years ago,the magazine U.S.News & World Report stated: "...some 17 percent of kids are now obese,which means they’re at or above the 95th percentile for weight in relation to height for their age;an additional 17 percent are overweight, or at or over the 85th percentile." Anyone with some basic training in measurement or statistics will realize that this statement is incorrect.This is because the percentile is defined as the value below which a certain percent of observations fall in a population.For example,the
文摘One man was having his meal in an inn while a little dog keptbarking toward him. He was very puzzled ahout this and he asked theboss what was wrong with the dog. 'I’m so sorry to tell you that we haven’t plates enough and
文摘Money Scatters Everywhere in China It is said that the saving ratio of China is close to 40%.Authoritative persons thus analyze in this way: theoretically, 40% saving ratio of a country is enough tosustain its economic growth at the rate over 10% even at thetime of its economic take-off; practically, "Four Tigers" inAsia achieved high economic growth in 1960s and 1970s withtheir saving ratio only about 30%. Conclusion: with the 40% saving ratio, or domesticfunds, China can fully sustain the growth rate of 8-9 % thisyear. The question remains: why do we want to introduceforeign funds? Why do we allow foreigners to come and maketens percent of profit while we can only get bits of
文摘The Poor Becomes Even Poorer, And TheRich Becomes Even Richer-The Mat-thew Effect In Foreign Investmenthe nature of the capital is keen on the rich but cold-shoul-der the poor. If you are rich, dollars, pounds or RMBs wouldgreet you with a genial smile. If you are poor, you will beignored. Maybe, you will be provided with some "grants", to showtheir generosity and mercy. Nevertheless, with regard to invest-ment, not a chance.Therefore, foreign investment in China takes the followingshape:by regions, the realized foreign investment in the 18 prov-inces and autonomous regions of the Mid-West accounts for lessthan 10% of the national total even though the area is in greatneed of funds; by industrial sectors, agriculture has only a tinyshare of less than 2% of total foreign investment in China eventhough it cniovs first Prioritv in economic development and de-mands immediate strengthening; likewise, foreign investment
文摘This study attempts to find the wrong ellipsis made by the Chinese EFL learners due to the pull of Chinese equivalent sentence patterns. The findings are three folded in that： all the subjects committed errors of wrong ellipsis affected by Chinese; the performance of the beginners and that of the pre-intermediate learners contrasted a interlanguage continuum; minor differences between two languages tend to cause the learner more confusion.
文摘Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.
文摘Chinglish exists widely in college students' speaking and writing. This paper explores college students' attitudes toward Chinglish through a questionnaire. A primary finding is that most college students accept Chinglish as legitimate communication, considering it to be 1) a tool to energize or vivify the social atmosphere, and 2) a source of catchwords and phrases specifically employed in communication with friends. Despite their acceptance and use of Chinglish, the questionnaire reveals, also,that college students lack linguistic understanding of Chinglish and are unaware of how it may interfere with acquisition of correct English. The analysis of the questionnaire also has some implications in college English teaching.
文摘Mr and Mrs Smith were going to America for their holidays. They had a dog called Billy. They liked him very much. But they couldn’t take him to America with the m. So they found a place to leave him while they were away. At the end of their holidays they got back to England very late at night. So they didn’t go to get B illy back. The next morning Mr Smith got into his car and drove happily to get B illy. When he got home with the dog he said to his wife, "Dear, I don’t think Bi lly has enjoyed
文摘Case: On July 9, 2003, the people’s procuratorate of Ansai County, Shaanxi Province arrested three judges, Zhang Hongming, Liu Jianzhong and Xue Sheng of the people’s court of Zichang County of the same province on charges of "unlawful detention." On September 29, 2003, Ansai people’s court declared the three judges innocent and immediately released them. On September 30, 2003, Ansai people’s procuratorate protested the judgment and appealed to the intermediate people’s court of Yan’an city. On December 18, 2003, the Yan’an
文摘A child＇s disappearance is always a tragedy, and spreading information to as many people as possible is a critical factor in the race to rescue the child. For this purpose, Qingdao Kingtex International, a bottled water compa- ny in China, started putting pictures of miss- ing children on its packaging. On the bottle labels, consumers can also find the children＇s birth dates and a hotline number to report any useful clues.
文摘Based on past studies, exit ramp terminals are the common locations for drivers to enter a physically separated highway in the wrong direction. Currently, many drivers, especially nonlocal drivers, often rely on voice-guided navigation apps and Global Positioning System （GPS） devices to navigate their routes on and off freeways. A few studies have reported that GPS devices sometimes give drivers wrong information and cause wrong-way entry into a freeway, especially at some confusing interchanges, such as partial cloverleaf and compressed diamond interchanges. The access points located close to exit ramps may also cause a problem for GPS devices in sending accurate voice-guidance. It is unknown if current GPS devices are capable of properly informing drivers regarding turning movements in advance of exit ramp terminals at some common interchanges. The objective of this study is to evaluate the most commonly used GPS devices/navigation apps to identify existing problems and their potential for reducing wrong-way driving （WWD） incidents at interchange terminals. Field experiments were conducted at 10 common freeway interchanges or interchanges with nearby access driveways in the state of Alabama. Results show that most GPS devices have difficulty in providing correct guidance when the spacing between an access point and an exit ramp is less than 300 feet. Our comparison of five different GPS devices used on the same routes reveals that navigation apps have more limitations in guiding drivers than stand-alone GPS devices. Recommendations are offered to help GPS mapping companies improve their devices or add new features to reduce the occurrence of WWD.
文摘Relations between China and Australia became strained recently as an anti-China sentiment has been spreading inside Australia. In recent months, some Australian politicians repeatedly attacked China for ＂interfering＂ in Australian politics and called for measures to reject China＇s influence in Australia. Australia＇s media also added fuel to the flames by reporting imaginary ＂infiltration＂ by China.
文摘U.S.lawmakers urge Congress to issue an official statement of regret for past anti-Chinese discriminatory laws Few Americans know the United States,their homeland and the supposed land of the free,once targeted Chinesei mmigrants in a series of racial exclusion acts.
文摘Each year, hundreds of fatal wrong-way driving （WWD） crashes occur across the United States. Thousands of injuries are reported in crashes caused by wrong-way drivers. Traffic control devices （TCDs）, i.e., signs, pavement markings, and signals, have been introduced since 1935 to combat this problem. The aim of the paper is to provide a complete history of TCDs for deterring WWD on freeways and divided highways in previous versions of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices （MUTCD） （1935-2009）. A fully referenced overview of definitions, text passages, and figures of the TCDs, employed to deter WWD in all MUTCD versions, will be given to characterize the changes over time. In addition, the efforts that have been made by state department of transportation （DOT） especially over the past few years to aggressively attack WWD by deploying standard TCDs are reviewed. Finally, the paper makes conclusions and recommendations with regard to the necessity of a revision in the next edition of MUTCD for WWD TCDs. The investigation of changes and the current practice leave a trail to enable traffic engineers and policy makers to consider past decisions and their effectiveness in combating WWD, as well as providing a reference to determine whether or not their jurisdiction meets the MUTCD standards.
