The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations(UN).As the most universal,representative,and authoritative intergovernmental international organization in the world,the UN serves as the ...The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations(UN).As the most universal,representative,and authoritative intergovernmental international organization in the world,the UN serves as the core platform for upholding multilateralism and a crucial cornerstone of the international order.In recent years,the UN’s ability to address global challenges is tested.展开更多
According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within cou...According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within countries but also profoundly impacted the development and transition of the world order.However,since the international financial crisis展开更多
2013 is an important year for South Africa. The country will host the Fifth BRICS Summit in March and also celebrates the 15th anniversary of the establish- ment of diplomatic relations with China. On January 31, Bhek...2013 is an important year for South Africa. The country will host the Fifth BRICS Summit in March and also celebrates the 15th anniversary of the establish- ment of diplomatic relations with China. On January 31, Bheki Langa, South African Ambassador to China, sat down with ChinAffica Assistant Executive Editor Tang Qinghua and shared his thoughts on the upcoming BRICS Summit and relations between China and South Africa, An edited version of his opinions follows：展开更多
CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of s...CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of states pose new challenges and opportunities for international peace and development,展开更多
On September 8,Chinese President Xi Jinping joined a Brazil-hosted virtual BRICS summit and delivered a statement titled Forging Ahead in Solidarity and Cooperation.
China's newly proposed Global Governance'Initiative(GGI)was a major topic of discussion at the Global Governance Roundtable for Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries 2025,held in Beijing on October 16.Co...China's newly proposed Global Governance'Initiative(GGI)was a major topic of discussion at the Global Governance Roundtable for Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries 2025,held in Beijing on October 16.Consensus at the meeting was that the GGI responds to the shared aspirations of people around the world,meets the pressing needs of the times and injects fresh momentum into building a fairer,more just and more inclusive international order.展开更多
State governance and global governance are two intertwining aspects in the construction of world order. A peaceful, prosperous and equitable world order encompasses internal order of sovereign states and interaational...State governance and global governance are two intertwining aspects in the construction of world order. A peaceful, prosperous and equitable world order encompasses internal order of sovereign states and interaational order of the international systems. Effective state governance nurtures internal order of sovereign states, eschews internal disorder, and prevents the spillover of negative externality into the international systems. In this sense, state governance is the cornerstone for constructing world order. In the meantime, effective global governance constructs world order and assists sovereign states in constructing internal order. In the construction of world order, different actors in the international systems represented by sovereign states inter alia must cooperate with a view to dissolving conflicts of interests and policies among states, managing global public domain, responding to common challenges and sharing responsibilities in assisting internally disordered states to govern effectively. Since the reform and opening up, China has contributed its distinctive part to the construction of world order by means of responsible state governance and global partnership governance.展开更多
In this paper,I trace the post-war Japanese genealogy of studies on China's tribute system(imperial China's relatively tolerant approach to its foreign relations)in relation to the English-language work of his...In this paper,I trace the post-war Japanese genealogy of studies on China's tribute system(imperial China's relatively tolerant approach to its foreign relations)in relation to the English-language work of historian John King Fairbank(1907-91).I emphasize that,together with the sporadic Chinese studies into China's tribute system prior to the 1950s,it was the post-war research of Japanese historians that inspired Fairbank,who,in turn,further stimulated critical debates on the topic in Japan.I first concentrate on post-war Japanese debates concerning an"East Asian world order"based on a"system of investiture/tribute."This notion,developed by the Japanese historian Nishijima Sadao in 1962,precisely corresponds to Fairbank's 1941 understanding of the"tribute system"or"Confucian world-order,"but contrasts with Fairbank's later,controversial understanding of a"Chinese world order"as proposed in 1968.In the second part of this paper,I introduce Japanese historian Hamashita Takeshi's 1980s and 1990s arguments on the"tribute trade system"as representative of the younger generation within this genealogy,contrasting it with the work of Immanuel Wallerstein and Andre Gunder Frank.In the third part,Ⅰlocate this Japanese genealogy within the wider historical context of post-war Japanese intellectual cultural politics.This means that I examine Japanese historians'arguments both from the angle of historiography and from the perspective of post-war Japanese intellectual history.展开更多
The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second wo...The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second world.＂ It theorizes the dialectical nexus between the rise of the BRICs and the existing world order as an interdependent dynamic process of mutual challenge, mutual constraint, and mutual accommodation. One of the conceptual tools the paper applies is the notion of interdependent hegemony. The notion is seen as an important tool for conceptualizing and analyzing international relations and international political economy in the current era. The application of ＂interdependent hegemony＂ helps to explain that to what extent the BRICS can be identified as a unified alliance, a historical bloc, and to what extent they are generating functional or structural challenges to the existing international order. Likewise, it also helps to determine to what extent the hegemony of the existing order is still able to keep its resilient capacities and its structural powers and able to neutralize challenges from the emerging powers. The conclusion of the paper posits that the world is experiencing ＂interdependent hegemony＂ in the transition from the existing order to the emerging order.展开更多
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.Th...The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.The pandemic has hit West Asia with a‘double whammy’-the health crisis coupled with the collapse in oil prices on which most regional economies depend to maintain their political,economic and social order.With the region already enmeshed in serious conflicts-in Syria,Yemen and Libya-and experiencing widespread destruction and instability,there are legitimate concerns that the pandemic could aggravate regional divisions and,by design or inadvertence,plunge West Asia into a region-wide conflagration.Given diminished US capacity,credibility and interest in global leadership and responsibility,this paper argues that the pandemic has opened up opportunities for the exploration of new engagements and alignments and shaping of new leadership roles.The paper proposes that the three RIC nations-Russia,India and China-work jointly in a‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’framework to address their internal,regional and global interests.This will strengthen mutual ties within the trilateral format,particularly through resetting Sino-Indian relations,so that the RIC could become an effective instrument to promote regional security and stability.This revitalised RIC would then be well-equipped to pursue initiatives to deal with West Asia’s immediate pandemic-related challenges and shape and lead a peace process in West Asia.展开更多
Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Jose...Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Joseph Raz discussed the role played by individual fights in the emerging new world order, as well as the associated intellectual diflficulties. Using the fight to education and the fight to health as illustrations, Raz reflected upon both the importance and necessity of individual rights in shaping the emerging new world order, where the traditional power actors at the international level should be duly held in check by individual fight-holders. To practice such claims, nonetheless, can lead to reckless activism and do much harm unless with certain institutions in place to impartially administer justice. 1kaz forcefully argued that such factors as of time, space and culture should be duly considered in laying the intellectual foundations for defining and implementing individual fights in the emerging new world order.展开更多
As the pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health and economy,it has also accelerated trends in international politics.These include the decline of the US’status as the global hegemon and the emergence of a multipol...As the pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health and economy,it has also accelerated trends in international politics.These include the decline of the US’status as the global hegemon and the emergence of a multipolar world,with new players seeking a role in shaping world affairs.China’s economic successes have placed it in the vanguard of the newly emerging players on the world stage,in tandem with Russia.US hostility to both has promoted closer relations between them,having been earlier brought together by ties in the areas of energy,trade and defence.They have now become partners in placing Eurasia at the centre of their strategic interests by linking Putin’s‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’with China’s Belt and Road Initiative.Through a series of carefully crafted diplomatic initiatives,Russia and China are bringing other nations-Iran,Turkey,the Arab Gulf states,Afghanistan and Pakistan-into the Eurasian embrace on the basis of logistical,energy and digital connectivity,thus shaping the nascent stage of a new world order.展开更多
The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future...The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future world system and international system. The U. S. -Iraq war is not a war in a traditional sense, but the first comprehensive war in the new century, involving military, political,展开更多
This paper numerically investigates the order parameter and synchronisation in the small world connected FitzHugh-Nagumo excitable systems. The simulations show that the order parameter continuously decreases with inc...This paper numerically investigates the order parameter and synchronisation in the small world connected FitzHugh-Nagumo excitable systems. The simulations show that the order parameter continuously decreases with increasing D, the quality of the synchronisation worsens for large noise intensity. As the coupling intensity goes up, the quality of the synchronisation worsens, and it finds that the larger rewiring probability becomes the larger order parameter. It obtains the complete phase diagram for a wide range of values of noise intensity D and control parameter g.展开更多
For over five decades,the world’s oil map has centered on the Middle East.However,with the advent of the 21st century,a new map is emerging,shifting from the Middle East to the Western Hemisphere.Some analysts assert...For over five decades,the world’s oil map has centered on the Middle East.However,with the advent of the 21st century,a new map is emerging,shifting from the Middle East to the Western Hemisphere.Some analysts assert that the world energy’s new map will change the existing world political order because the world’s new map will make the Mideast oil producers less powerful and less relevant.Furthermore,as the United States is getting less dependent on Mideast oil,it is most likely to readjust its Mideast policy accordingly.Yet,the argument in this article is that as the world has only one oil market,improved energy security of the United States alone will not necessarily lead to improved energy security on a global scale,nor will the United States automatically become immune to new disruptions of Mideast oil supply and to a new world oil price crisis.Rather,the fact that the Mideast geopolitical contradictions are structurally uncompromising and historically enduring will continue to affect the oil supply from the Middle East and therefore affect the US economy.Given the important role that the Mideast oil plays in boosting the global economy and conditioning world geopolitics,as well as in shaping America’s energy policy and economic policy,the author concludes that the power status of the Mideast oil will persist for quite some time to come.展开更多
The 2026 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum,in Davos,Switzerland,from January 19 to 23,will leave enduring imprints on the globaleconomic order.Three speeches presentedthree visions of reality and charted thre...The 2026 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum,in Davos,Switzerland,from January 19 to 23,will leave enduring imprints on the globaleconomic order.Three speeches presentedthree visions of reality and charted threediverging paths forward,offering a prismthrough which to view and understand thecomplex world we now inhabit.展开更多
文摘The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations(UN).As the most universal,representative,and authoritative intergovernmental international organization in the world,the UN serves as the core platform for upholding multilateralism and a crucial cornerstone of the international order.In recent years,the UN’s ability to address global challenges is tested.
文摘According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within countries but also profoundly impacted the development and transition of the world order.However,since the international financial crisis
文摘2013 is an important year for South Africa. The country will host the Fifth BRICS Summit in March and also celebrates the 15th anniversary of the establish- ment of diplomatic relations with China. On January 31, Bheki Langa, South African Ambassador to China, sat down with ChinAffica Assistant Executive Editor Tang Qinghua and shared his thoughts on the upcoming BRICS Summit and relations between China and South Africa, An edited version of his opinions follows：
文摘CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of states pose new challenges and opportunities for international peace and development,
文摘On September 8,Chinese President Xi Jinping joined a Brazil-hosted virtual BRICS summit and delivered a statement titled Forging Ahead in Solidarity and Cooperation.
文摘China's newly proposed Global Governance'Initiative(GGI)was a major topic of discussion at the Global Governance Roundtable for Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries 2025,held in Beijing on October 16.Consensus at the meeting was that the GGI responds to the shared aspirations of people around the world,meets the pressing needs of the times and injects fresh momentum into building a fairer,more just and more inclusive international order.
文摘State governance and global governance are two intertwining aspects in the construction of world order. A peaceful, prosperous and equitable world order encompasses internal order of sovereign states and interaational order of the international systems. Effective state governance nurtures internal order of sovereign states, eschews internal disorder, and prevents the spillover of negative externality into the international systems. In this sense, state governance is the cornerstone for constructing world order. In the meantime, effective global governance constructs world order and assists sovereign states in constructing internal order. In the construction of world order, different actors in the international systems represented by sovereign states inter alia must cooperate with a view to dissolving conflicts of interests and policies among states, managing global public domain, responding to common challenges and sharing responsibilities in assisting internally disordered states to govern effectively. Since the reform and opening up, China has contributed its distinctive part to the construction of world order by means of responsible state governance and global partnership governance.
文摘In this paper,I trace the post-war Japanese genealogy of studies on China's tribute system(imperial China's relatively tolerant approach to its foreign relations)in relation to the English-language work of historian John King Fairbank(1907-91).I emphasize that,together with the sporadic Chinese studies into China's tribute system prior to the 1950s,it was the post-war research of Japanese historians that inspired Fairbank,who,in turn,further stimulated critical debates on the topic in Japan.I first concentrate on post-war Japanese debates concerning an"East Asian world order"based on a"system of investiture/tribute."This notion,developed by the Japanese historian Nishijima Sadao in 1962,precisely corresponds to Fairbank's 1941 understanding of the"tribute system"or"Confucian world-order,"but contrasts with Fairbank's later,controversial understanding of a"Chinese world order"as proposed in 1968.In the second part of this paper,I introduce Japanese historian Hamashita Takeshi's 1980s and 1990s arguments on the"tribute trade system"as representative of the younger generation within this genealogy,contrasting it with the work of Immanuel Wallerstein and Andre Gunder Frank.In the third part,Ⅰlocate this Japanese genealogy within the wider historical context of post-war Japanese intellectual cultural politics.This means that I examine Japanese historians'arguments both from the angle of historiography and from the perspective of post-war Japanese intellectual history.
文摘The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second world.＂ It theorizes the dialectical nexus between the rise of the BRICs and the existing world order as an interdependent dynamic process of mutual challenge, mutual constraint, and mutual accommodation. One of the conceptual tools the paper applies is the notion of interdependent hegemony. The notion is seen as an important tool for conceptualizing and analyzing international relations and international political economy in the current era. The application of ＂interdependent hegemony＂ helps to explain that to what extent the BRICS can be identified as a unified alliance, a historical bloc, and to what extent they are generating functional or structural challenges to the existing international order. Likewise, it also helps to determine to what extent the hegemony of the existing order is still able to keep its resilient capacities and its structural powers and able to neutralize challenges from the emerging powers. The conclusion of the paper posits that the world is experiencing ＂interdependent hegemony＂ in the transition from the existing order to the emerging order.
文摘The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.The pandemic has hit West Asia with a‘double whammy’-the health crisis coupled with the collapse in oil prices on which most regional economies depend to maintain their political,economic and social order.With the region already enmeshed in serious conflicts-in Syria,Yemen and Libya-and experiencing widespread destruction and instability,there are legitimate concerns that the pandemic could aggravate regional divisions and,by design or inadvertence,plunge West Asia into a region-wide conflagration.Given diminished US capacity,credibility and interest in global leadership and responsibility,this paper argues that the pandemic has opened up opportunities for the exploration of new engagements and alignments and shaping of new leadership roles.The paper proposes that the three RIC nations-Russia,India and China-work jointly in a‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’framework to address their internal,regional and global interests.This will strengthen mutual ties within the trilateral format,particularly through resetting Sino-Indian relations,so that the RIC could become an effective instrument to promote regional security and stability.This revitalised RIC would then be well-equipped to pursue initiatives to deal with West Asia’s immediate pandemic-related challenges and shape and lead a peace process in West Asia.
文摘Editorial note： This was a speech delivered as a twentieth lecture of World Social Sciences Lectures at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences （IAS-Fudan） on September 17, 2009. In this lecture, Joseph Raz discussed the role played by individual fights in the emerging new world order, as well as the associated intellectual diflficulties. Using the fight to education and the fight to health as illustrations, Raz reflected upon both the importance and necessity of individual rights in shaping the emerging new world order, where the traditional power actors at the international level should be duly held in check by individual fight-holders. To practice such claims, nonetheless, can lead to reckless activism and do much harm unless with certain institutions in place to impartially administer justice. 1kaz forcefully argued that such factors as of time, space and culture should be duly considered in laying the intellectual foundations for defining and implementing individual fights in the emerging new world order.
文摘As the pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health and economy,it has also accelerated trends in international politics.These include the decline of the US’status as the global hegemon and the emergence of a multipolar world,with new players seeking a role in shaping world affairs.China’s economic successes have placed it in the vanguard of the newly emerging players on the world stage,in tandem with Russia.US hostility to both has promoted closer relations between them,having been earlier brought together by ties in the areas of energy,trade and defence.They have now become partners in placing Eurasia at the centre of their strategic interests by linking Putin’s‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’with China’s Belt and Road Initiative.Through a series of carefully crafted diplomatic initiatives,Russia and China are bringing other nations-Iran,Turkey,the Arab Gulf states,Afghanistan and Pakistan-into the Eurasian embrace on the basis of logistical,energy and digital connectivity,thus shaping the nascent stage of a new world order.
文摘The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future world system and international system. The U. S. -Iraq war is not a war in a traditional sense, but the first comprehensive war in the new century, involving military, political,
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10847140)the Doctorial Start-up Fund of Lanzhou University of Technology (Grant No 409)
文摘This paper numerically investigates the order parameter and synchronisation in the small world connected FitzHugh-Nagumo excitable systems. The simulations show that the order parameter continuously decreases with increasing D, the quality of the synchronisation worsens for large noise intensity. As the coupling intensity goes up, the quality of the synchronisation worsens, and it finds that the larger rewiring probability becomes the larger order parameter. It obtains the complete phase diagram for a wide range of values of noise intensity D and control parameter g.
基金This article is the product of China’s Ministry of Education Program:“The Case Studies of China’s Energy Cooperation with Oil Producing Countries in the Greater Middle East”(11JJD810021)“Middle East Islamic Regions and the International System Transformation”(08JZD0039).
文摘For over five decades,the world’s oil map has centered on the Middle East.However,with the advent of the 21st century,a new map is emerging,shifting from the Middle East to the Western Hemisphere.Some analysts assert that the world energy’s new map will change the existing world political order because the world’s new map will make the Mideast oil producers less powerful and less relevant.Furthermore,as the United States is getting less dependent on Mideast oil,it is most likely to readjust its Mideast policy accordingly.Yet,the argument in this article is that as the world has only one oil market,improved energy security of the United States alone will not necessarily lead to improved energy security on a global scale,nor will the United States automatically become immune to new disruptions of Mideast oil supply and to a new world oil price crisis.Rather,the fact that the Mideast geopolitical contradictions are structurally uncompromising and historically enduring will continue to affect the oil supply from the Middle East and therefore affect the US economy.Given the important role that the Mideast oil plays in boosting the global economy and conditioning world geopolitics,as well as in shaping America’s energy policy and economic policy,the author concludes that the power status of the Mideast oil will persist for quite some time to come.
文摘The 2026 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum,in Davos,Switzerland,from January 19 to 23,will leave enduring imprints on the globaleconomic order.Three speeches presentedthree visions of reality and charted threediverging paths forward,offering a prismthrough which to view and understand thecomplex world we now inhabit.
