Order release is a key production planning and control function,specifically in high variety contexts.A large literature on release methods that balance the workload consequently emerged.These Workload Control methods...Order release is a key production planning and control function,specifically in high variety contexts.A large literature on release methods that balance the workload consequently emerged.These Workload Control methods can be rule based,using a simple greedy heuristic,optimization based or optimization based with lead times that are exogenous.Although all three types of methods have the same objective,their performance has never been compared.Using simulation,this study shows that a better on time delivery performance of jobs can be achieved by the two optimization based release methods.Most importantly,optimization based methods that assume lead times to be exogenous significantly outperform alternative methods in terms of tardiness performance.Rule based and optimization based Workload Control without exogenous lead times overemphasize average lateness reduction,which leads to sequence deviations that offset performance improvements through balancing.In contrast,Workload Control methods that assume lead times to be exogenous limit sequence deviations,which leads to a significant reduction in dispersion of lateness.This has important implication for the future design of order release methods,and managerial practice.展开更多
A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which i...A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.展开更多
订单审核与投放(Order Review and Release,ORR)是一种适用于面向订单制造(Make to Order,MTO)企业的生产控制技术。生产部门接收到顾客订单后,采用ORR确定所需物料投放到车间的时间,以使订单能够按时完工。另外ORR还对车间和机器的负...订单审核与投放(Order Review and Release,ORR)是一种适用于面向订单制造(Make to Order,MTO)企业的生产控制技术。生产部门接收到顾客订单后,采用ORR确定所需物料投放到车间的时间,以使订单能够按时完工。另外ORR还对车间和机器的负荷进行限制,以降低车间库存和订单在车间内的加工时间。由此ORR考虑的是一个多目标优化问题。以往的研究中一般选取多个评价指标,分别分析后再对ORR做出一个综合定性判断,导致很难定量、客观的评价不同ORR。基于此,这里提出一个总成本公式,综合考虑了按时完工和降低车间生产时间两类目标的信息,可以对不同ORR进行全面的量化分析。在实验设计的基础上,采用总成本指标对常见ORR的实际效果进行了比较,分析结论对ORR的选择有一定的借鉴意义。展开更多
为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基...为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基于有序Logistic模型方法,以显著相关的呼吸参数为自变量,5类不同严重程度的脑力和体力管制工作负荷为因变量,构建脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型并进行似然比和拟合优度检验。进一步,绘制ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线,检验预测模型的性能;最后,使用交叉表评价方法预测模型的准确率。结果表明:呼吸参数中,呼吸周期与脑力负荷显著相关,呼吸周期、呼吸幅值和吸呼比与体力负荷显著相关。在0.05的显著性水平下,构建的脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型拟合效果良好,整体AUC(Area Under Curve)分别为0.679和0.753,模型均具有一定的检测性能。交叉表评价结果表明,模型对脑力和体力负荷中的高负荷状态预测效果最好,准确率分别高达88.9%和83.3%。本文研究结果能够为基于呼吸参数的管制工作负荷监测提供一定参考价值。展开更多
An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing ...An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3301701)2019 Guangdong Special Support Talent Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Team(China)(2019BT02S593)+1 种基金2018 Guangzhou Leading Innovation Team Program(China)(201909010006)the Science and Technology Development Fund(Macao SAR)(0078/2021/A).
文摘Order release is a key production planning and control function,specifically in high variety contexts.A large literature on release methods that balance the workload consequently emerged.These Workload Control methods can be rule based,using a simple greedy heuristic,optimization based or optimization based with lead times that are exogenous.Although all three types of methods have the same objective,their performance has never been compared.Using simulation,this study shows that a better on time delivery performance of jobs can be achieved by the two optimization based release methods.Most importantly,optimization based methods that assume lead times to be exogenous significantly outperform alternative methods in terms of tardiness performance.Rule based and optimization based Workload Control without exogenous lead times overemphasize average lateness reduction,which leads to sequence deviations that offset performance improvements through balancing.In contrast,Workload Control methods that assume lead times to be exogenous limit sequence deviations,which leads to a significant reduction in dispersion of lateness.This has important implication for the future design of order release methods,and managerial practice.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (60742117)
文摘A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.
文摘订单审核与投放(Order Review and Release,ORR)是一种适用于面向订单制造(Make to Order,MTO)企业的生产控制技术。生产部门接收到顾客订单后,采用ORR确定所需物料投放到车间的时间,以使订单能够按时完工。另外ORR还对车间和机器的负荷进行限制,以降低车间库存和订单在车间内的加工时间。由此ORR考虑的是一个多目标优化问题。以往的研究中一般选取多个评价指标,分别分析后再对ORR做出一个综合定性判断,导致很难定量、客观的评价不同ORR。基于此,这里提出一个总成本公式,综合考虑了按时完工和降低车间生产时间两类目标的信息,可以对不同ORR进行全面的量化分析。在实验设计的基础上,采用总成本指标对常见ORR的实际效果进行了比较,分析结论对ORR的选择有一定的借鉴意义。
文摘为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基于有序Logistic模型方法,以显著相关的呼吸参数为自变量,5类不同严重程度的脑力和体力管制工作负荷为因变量,构建脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型并进行似然比和拟合优度检验。进一步,绘制ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线,检验预测模型的性能;最后,使用交叉表评价方法预测模型的准确率。结果表明:呼吸参数中,呼吸周期与脑力负荷显著相关,呼吸周期、呼吸幅值和吸呼比与体力负荷显著相关。在0.05的显著性水平下,构建的脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型拟合效果良好,整体AUC(Area Under Curve)分别为0.679和0.753,模型均具有一定的检测性能。交叉表评价结果表明,模型对脑力和体力负荷中的高负荷状态预测效果最好,准确率分别高达88.9%和83.3%。本文研究结果能够为基于呼吸参数的管制工作负荷监测提供一定参考价值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672128)
文摘An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.
