Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been rep...Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. This involvement can result in epilepsy, meningoencephalitis, myelitis or encephalopathy. The standard treatment is albendazole at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day. The duration of treatment varies greatly depending on the clinical cases reported, ranging from 5 days to several weeks in the case of severe forms. We report a case of myelitis due to Toxocara canis in a 14-year-old patient admitted for gait disorders. The laboratory assessment shows isolated hypereosinophilia at 8000 elements per mm3. Medullary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural process of inflammatory and infectious appearance extended between T10 and L1 levels, hypointense in T1, hyperintense in T2, and homogeneous. Parasitological analysis of the stools noted the presence of high concentrations of Toxocara canis. Serology by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is strongly positive for toxocariasis, and western blot confirms the presence of antibodies directed against Toxocara larvae. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg × 2/day for 10 days associated with corticosteroid therapy (prednisone 50 mg/day for 5 days) allowed the disappearance of pain in 8 days, normalization of eosinophilia and improvement of walking.展开更多
Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story...Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story’s ethical implications through a literary ethics lens,focusing on the wolf as a symbol of both danger and desire.It explores the wolf’s dual nature,the power dynamics between rulers and the ruled,and the ethical choice between conflict and coexistence.展开更多
From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.Thi...From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.This paper analyzes the construction of the werewolf’s ethical identity,the reconstruction of human-animal ethics and finally the ecological integration of nature and culture.Through the analysis of the werewolf and its relationship with humans and nature,this study reveals the complex intertwining of animal and human emotions and ethical identities.This paper aims to reveal how Carter,through fairy tale rewriting and literary experimentation,rethinks the ethical positions of humans,animals,and nature,which presents an ecological ethical imagination that transcends anthropocentrism.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis(H.canis)presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhi...Objective:To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis(H.canis)presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhiana.Methods:Blood films of 34 naturally infected dogs were examined for haematological alterations and parasitaemia.Signalment and clinical signs were recorded from the animals.Clinical histories were filled oul during the consultation.Results:Of the 34 positive dogs by Giemsa stained peripheral blood films.88.23%presented parasilaemia by H.canis only,while 11.77%had the combination of H.canis,Babesia sp.and Ehrlichia sp.Young male dogs less than oue-year-old,of nondescript breed,were the most commonly affected.And 26.47%were presented with anorexia/inappetence as the only clinical symptom.Other clinical symptoms were mild to moderate fever,pale mucosae and lethargy;a few were also showing the signs of vomiting and diarrhoea.Haematological alterations showed mainly normochromic-normocytic anaemia,leukocytosis and neutrophilia.Conclusions:The findings of this study substantiate that H.canis caused clinical and haematological alterations of the varied intensity in dogs,even with low parasilaemia.should he taken into consideration.展开更多
GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasma...GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.展开更多
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a disease which can cause death in dogs and cats by the Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by hard ticks. The main vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus which is a common tick in Iran and co...Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a disease which can cause death in dogs and cats by the Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by hard ticks. The main vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus which is a common tick in Iran and common ectoparasite on dogs. Few researches has been done to show Ehrlichiosis situation in dog’s ticks. Animal husbandry in Meshkin-Shahr County from Ardebil province (North-West Iran) is the main job of people. Specimens were collected on dogs’ ears, neck, shoulder and toes and they were transferred to the Entomology Laboratory, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After DNA extraction, Ehrlichia agent was detected by nested-PCR, 16 s rRNA amplification. Determination of sequence homologies have been done in Gen-Bank. 146 ticks were identified which included 29.44% female and 47.94% male. Rhipicephalus sanguineus were the most prevalent ticks. Ehrlichia spp and Anaplasma spp were found in 43.84% of all the specimens containing Anaplasma ovis, and Ehrlichia sp. and Herlichia canis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is widely spread and the most common ticks on dogs. As far as we know, this is the first report of E. canis in vector from Iran. Nested PCR showed that hard ticks can contain Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia spp and E. canis. These results warrant studying on vector competence of ticks for the Ehrlichiosis agents.展开更多
Angela Carter is a famous female writer in the 20 th century who is known for her feminism, Gothic feature and magical realism. She is good at rewriting classical tales and adding new ideas and concepts to them. The C...Angela Carter is a famous female writer in the 20 th century who is known for her feminism, Gothic feature and magical realism. She is good at rewriting classical tales and adding new ideas and concepts to them. The Company of Wolves is one of her rewriting pieces. In this story, Carter takes The Little Red Riding Hood as her writing base. At the same time, she challenges the idea of the inferiority and natural dependence of female in the original fairy tale.Carter defamiliarizes her story from the traditional one as well as imitates it. In this way, she produces psychical distance and gives readers a sense of freshness. This paper tries to analyse Carter's work from Bullough's"Theory of Psychical Distance". By analyzing the exceptional characters and their abnormal desires, it aims to reveal Carter's special way to produce psychical distance.展开更多
Objective: To determine exon/intron organization of the Toxocara canis(T. canis) AK(TCAK) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant TCAK in the guanidino-specific ...Objective: To determine exon/intron organization of the Toxocara canis(T. canis) AK(TCAK) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant TCAK in the guanidino-specific region by site-directed mutants. Methods: Amplification of genomic DNA fragments containing introns was carried out by PCRs. The open-reading frame(1 200 bp) of TCAK(wild type) was cloned into the BamH 1/SalI site of pM AL-c2X. The maltose-binding protein-TCAK fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 cells. The purity of the expressed enzyme was verified by SDS-PAGE. Mutations were introduced into the guanidino-specific region and other areas of pM AL/TCAK by PCR. Enzyme activity was measured with an NADH-linked assay at 25℃ for the forward reaction(phosphagen synthesis). Results: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. The lengths of the introns ranged from 542 bp to 2 500 bp. All introns begin with gt and end with ag. Furthermore, we measured the enzyme activity of site-directed mutants of the recombinant TCAK. The K_m value of the mutant(Alanine to Serine) decreased indicating a higher affinity for substrate arginine than the wild-type. The K_m value of the mutant(Serine to Glycine) increased to 0.19 mM. The Km value(0.19 mM) of the double mutant(Alanine-Serine to Serine-Glycine) was slightly greater than in the wild-type(0.12 mM). In addition, several other chemicals were tested; including plant extract Azadiracta indica(A. indica), an aminoglycoside antibiotic(aminosidine), a citrus flavonoid glycoside(rutin) and a commercially available catechin mixture against TCAK. Green and black tea(1:10 dilution) produced 15% and 25% inhibition of TCAK, respectively. The extract of A. indica produced 5% inhibition of TCAK. Moreover, green and black tea produced a non-competitive type of inhibition and A. indica produced a mixed-type of inhibition on TCAK. Conclusions: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. However, further studies are needed to identify a specific compound within the extract causing the inhibitory effect and also to determine the molecular mechanisms behind inhibition of arginine kinase in T. canis.展开更多
Objective:To explore immunochemical characterization of antigens of Brucella canis(B. canis),and the use in seroprevalence study of canine brucellosis.Methods:External hot phosphate buffer saline extract(HPBSE) and in...Objective:To explore immunochemical characterization of antigens of Brucella canis(B. canis),and the use in seroprevalence study of canine brucellosis.Methods:External hot phosphate buffer saline extract(HPBSE) and internal sonicated(SA) antigens were prepared from B.canis strain MEX 51 and imniunochemically characterized.These antigens were used to test 527 serum samples of dogs by 2-mercaptoethanol-tubc agglutination test(2 ME-TAT), agar gel immunodiffusion test(AGID).dot-ELISA and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA) to assess the seroprevalence of canine brucellosis.Results:The protein content of HPBSE and SA antigens was 0.387 mg/ml.and 0.195 mg/mL,respectively,whereas carbohydrate content was 0.174 mg/mL and 0.150 mg/mL,respectively.The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(12.5%) of HPBSE and SA,revealed 6 and 8 visible peptide bands ranging from 18-80 kDa and 12-45 kDa,respectively.Western blot analysis showed immunodominant bands of MW 12.28.39 and 45 kl)a for HPBSE and 20-24 kl)a for SA. The AGII) revealed HPBSE as more specific antigen than SA but both I-ELISA and dot-ELISA indicated SA antigen to be more specific and reliable than HPBSE.The seroprevalence of canine brucellosis was 2.27%by 2ME-TAT.1.5%by AGID.3.03%by dot-ELISA and 16.12%by I-ELISA. Conclusions:On the basis of the results of present study,we concluded that HPBSE is suitable antigen for AGID,which is more specific:whereas SA antigen is suitable for I-ELISA,which is highly sensitive.Therefore,initial screening of serum samples should be carried out by I-ELISA followed by confirmation with AGID.展开更多
Although studies have documented the potential for coyote (Canis latrans) food use to negatively affect wildlife populations and domesticated animals, they are often equivocal, possibly because most are of small spati...Although studies have documented the potential for coyote (Canis latrans) food use to negatively affect wildlife populations and domesticated animals, they are often equivocal, possibly because most are of small spatial extent, and little is known of factors determining coyote diets. Our objectives were to quantify the diet and identify factors determining coyote food use, particularly game species and livestock, over a large spatial and temporal extent. Contents of gastrointestinal tracts were identified from 263 coyotes opportunistically obtained from hunters, trappers, and as road-kills throughout Florida, 2011-2015. We employed logistic regression in an information-theoretic framework to understand determinants of coyote food use. Coyotes were opportunistic and omnivorous foragers with a diverse diet of vegetation, insects, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and more than 25 species of mammals (including important game species and livestock). They commonly consumed 11 food items (Virginia opossum [Didelphis virginiana], non-mast vegetation, feral hog [Sus scrofa], northern raccoon [Procyon lotor], insects, rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), skunks [Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius], white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mast, birds, and cows [Bos taurus]). Food use was determined by coyote age, sex, and body mass, season of the year, deer hunting and fawning seasons, livestock calving season, and coyote collection method and location/region. As coyotes expand their range and numbers, conservationists may find it useful to understand how this opportunistic and adaptable predator uses available food sources to reduce conflict across the landscape.展开更多
When attempting to understand where domestic plants and animals were domesticated, it is essential to consider the geographic distribution of the wild ancestor. Many domestic taxa now inhabit just about every continen...When attempting to understand where domestic plants and animals were domesticated, it is essential to consider the geographic distribution of the wild ancestor. Many domestic taxa now inhabit just about every continent thanks to their human-mediated dispersal which began soon after they were incorporated into the human niche.展开更多
There is a need for new antimicrobial drugs due to the continuous development of resistance. Natural antimicrobials are of utmost importance due to safety issue and availability. The antifungal activity of four essent...There is a need for new antimicrobial drugs due to the continuous development of resistance. Natural antimicrobials are of utmost importance due to safety issue and availability. The antifungal activity of four essential oils (Mentha piperta, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon citratus, and Oreganum majoranum oils) against locally isolated Microsporum canis was determined by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using broth dilution method. Mentha piperta oil showed the highest antifungal activity among tested oils in this study. The total inhibition attached when 0.046% was used with M. piperta, the total inhibition obtained with the 0.133% of C. citratus oil, which is accounted as the second essential oils, also T. vulgaris and O. majoranum oils achieved reductions at 0.133%. The present work has revealed that all oils have been used in low concentrations and produced promising results in comparison to the positive control (Clotrimazole).展开更多
文摘Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. This involvement can result in epilepsy, meningoencephalitis, myelitis or encephalopathy. The standard treatment is albendazole at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day. The duration of treatment varies greatly depending on the clinical cases reported, ranging from 5 days to several weeks in the case of severe forms. We report a case of myelitis due to Toxocara canis in a 14-year-old patient admitted for gait disorders. The laboratory assessment shows isolated hypereosinophilia at 8000 elements per mm3. Medullary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural process of inflammatory and infectious appearance extended between T10 and L1 levels, hypointense in T1, hyperintense in T2, and homogeneous. Parasitological analysis of the stools noted the presence of high concentrations of Toxocara canis. Serology by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is strongly positive for toxocariasis, and western blot confirms the presence of antibodies directed against Toxocara larvae. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg × 2/day for 10 days associated with corticosteroid therapy (prednisone 50 mg/day for 5 days) allowed the disappearance of pain in 8 days, normalization of eosinophilia and improvement of walking.
文摘Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story’s ethical implications through a literary ethics lens,focusing on the wolf as a symbol of both danger and desire.It explores the wolf’s dual nature,the power dynamics between rulers and the ruled,and the ethical choice between conflict and coexistence.
文摘From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.This paper analyzes the construction of the werewolf’s ethical identity,the reconstruction of human-animal ethics and finally the ecological integration of nature and culture.Through the analysis of the werewolf and its relationship with humans and nature,this study reveals the complex intertwining of animal and human emotions and ethical identities.This paper aims to reveal how Carter,through fairy tale rewriting and literary experimentation,rethinks the ethical positions of humans,animals,and nature,which presents an ecological ethical imagination that transcends anthropocentrism.
基金Supported by Directorate of Research,Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhiana-141004,India.Grant No.-RKVYB-2(Ⅲ)c(d)DR-2,sanctioned on October,2010
文摘Objective:To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis(H.canis)presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhiana.Methods:Blood films of 34 naturally infected dogs were examined for haematological alterations and parasitaemia.Signalment and clinical signs were recorded from the animals.Clinical histories were filled oul during the consultation.Results:Of the 34 positive dogs by Giemsa stained peripheral blood films.88.23%presented parasilaemia by H.canis only,while 11.77%had the combination of H.canis,Babesia sp.and Ehrlichia sp.Young male dogs less than oue-year-old,of nondescript breed,were the most commonly affected.And 26.47%were presented with anorexia/inappetence as the only clinical symptom.Other clinical symptoms were mild to moderate fever,pale mucosae and lethargy;a few were also showing the signs of vomiting and diarrhoea.Haematological alterations showed mainly normochromic-normocytic anaemia,leukocytosis and neutrophilia.Conclusions:The findings of this study substantiate that H.canis caused clinical and haematological alterations of the varied intensity in dogs,even with low parasilaemia.should he taken into consideration.
文摘GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.
文摘Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a disease which can cause death in dogs and cats by the Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by hard ticks. The main vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus which is a common tick in Iran and common ectoparasite on dogs. Few researches has been done to show Ehrlichiosis situation in dog’s ticks. Animal husbandry in Meshkin-Shahr County from Ardebil province (North-West Iran) is the main job of people. Specimens were collected on dogs’ ears, neck, shoulder and toes and they were transferred to the Entomology Laboratory, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After DNA extraction, Ehrlichia agent was detected by nested-PCR, 16 s rRNA amplification. Determination of sequence homologies have been done in Gen-Bank. 146 ticks were identified which included 29.44% female and 47.94% male. Rhipicephalus sanguineus were the most prevalent ticks. Ehrlichia spp and Anaplasma spp were found in 43.84% of all the specimens containing Anaplasma ovis, and Ehrlichia sp. and Herlichia canis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is widely spread and the most common ticks on dogs. As far as we know, this is the first report of E. canis in vector from Iran. Nested PCR showed that hard ticks can contain Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia spp and E. canis. These results warrant studying on vector competence of ticks for the Ehrlichiosis agents.
文摘Angela Carter is a famous female writer in the 20 th century who is known for her feminism, Gothic feature and magical realism. She is good at rewriting classical tales and adding new ideas and concepts to them. The Company of Wolves is one of her rewriting pieces. In this story, Carter takes The Little Red Riding Hood as her writing base. At the same time, she challenges the idea of the inferiority and natural dependence of female in the original fairy tale.Carter defamiliarizes her story from the traditional one as well as imitates it. In this way, she produces psychical distance and gives readers a sense of freshness. This paper tries to analyse Carter's work from Bullough's"Theory of Psychical Distance". By analyzing the exceptional characters and their abnormal desires, it aims to reveal Carter's special way to produce psychical distance.
文摘Objective: To determine exon/intron organization of the Toxocara canis(T. canis) AK(TCAK) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant TCAK in the guanidino-specific region by site-directed mutants. Methods: Amplification of genomic DNA fragments containing introns was carried out by PCRs. The open-reading frame(1 200 bp) of TCAK(wild type) was cloned into the BamH 1/SalI site of pM AL-c2X. The maltose-binding protein-TCAK fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 cells. The purity of the expressed enzyme was verified by SDS-PAGE. Mutations were introduced into the guanidino-specific region and other areas of pM AL/TCAK by PCR. Enzyme activity was measured with an NADH-linked assay at 25℃ for the forward reaction(phosphagen synthesis). Results: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. The lengths of the introns ranged from 542 bp to 2 500 bp. All introns begin with gt and end with ag. Furthermore, we measured the enzyme activity of site-directed mutants of the recombinant TCAK. The K_m value of the mutant(Alanine to Serine) decreased indicating a higher affinity for substrate arginine than the wild-type. The K_m value of the mutant(Serine to Glycine) increased to 0.19 mM. The Km value(0.19 mM) of the double mutant(Alanine-Serine to Serine-Glycine) was slightly greater than in the wild-type(0.12 mM). In addition, several other chemicals were tested; including plant extract Azadiracta indica(A. indica), an aminoglycoside antibiotic(aminosidine), a citrus flavonoid glycoside(rutin) and a commercially available catechin mixture against TCAK. Green and black tea(1:10 dilution) produced 15% and 25% inhibition of TCAK, respectively. The extract of A. indica produced 5% inhibition of TCAK. Moreover, green and black tea produced a non-competitive type of inhibition and A. indica produced a mixed-type of inhibition on TCAK. Conclusions: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. However, further studies are needed to identify a specific compound within the extract causing the inhibitory effect and also to determine the molecular mechanisms behind inhibition of arginine kinase in T. canis.
基金The financial support provided to the first author in the form of Junior Fellowship by ICAR,New Delhi is duly acknowledged
文摘Objective:To explore immunochemical characterization of antigens of Brucella canis(B. canis),and the use in seroprevalence study of canine brucellosis.Methods:External hot phosphate buffer saline extract(HPBSE) and internal sonicated(SA) antigens were prepared from B.canis strain MEX 51 and imniunochemically characterized.These antigens were used to test 527 serum samples of dogs by 2-mercaptoethanol-tubc agglutination test(2 ME-TAT), agar gel immunodiffusion test(AGID).dot-ELISA and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA) to assess the seroprevalence of canine brucellosis.Results:The protein content of HPBSE and SA antigens was 0.387 mg/ml.and 0.195 mg/mL,respectively,whereas carbohydrate content was 0.174 mg/mL and 0.150 mg/mL,respectively.The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(12.5%) of HPBSE and SA,revealed 6 and 8 visible peptide bands ranging from 18-80 kDa and 12-45 kDa,respectively.Western blot analysis showed immunodominant bands of MW 12.28.39 and 45 kl)a for HPBSE and 20-24 kl)a for SA. The AGII) revealed HPBSE as more specific antigen than SA but both I-ELISA and dot-ELISA indicated SA antigen to be more specific and reliable than HPBSE.The seroprevalence of canine brucellosis was 2.27%by 2ME-TAT.1.5%by AGID.3.03%by dot-ELISA and 16.12%by I-ELISA. Conclusions:On the basis of the results of present study,we concluded that HPBSE is suitable antigen for AGID,which is more specific:whereas SA antigen is suitable for I-ELISA,which is highly sensitive.Therefore,initial screening of serum samples should be carried out by I-ELISA followed by confirmation with AGID.
文摘Although studies have documented the potential for coyote (Canis latrans) food use to negatively affect wildlife populations and domesticated animals, they are often equivocal, possibly because most are of small spatial extent, and little is known of factors determining coyote diets. Our objectives were to quantify the diet and identify factors determining coyote food use, particularly game species and livestock, over a large spatial and temporal extent. Contents of gastrointestinal tracts were identified from 263 coyotes opportunistically obtained from hunters, trappers, and as road-kills throughout Florida, 2011-2015. We employed logistic regression in an information-theoretic framework to understand determinants of coyote food use. Coyotes were opportunistic and omnivorous foragers with a diverse diet of vegetation, insects, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and more than 25 species of mammals (including important game species and livestock). They commonly consumed 11 food items (Virginia opossum [Didelphis virginiana], non-mast vegetation, feral hog [Sus scrofa], northern raccoon [Procyon lotor], insects, rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), skunks [Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius], white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mast, birds, and cows [Bos taurus]). Food use was determined by coyote age, sex, and body mass, season of the year, deer hunting and fawning seasons, livestock calving season, and coyote collection method and location/region. As coyotes expand their range and numbers, conservationists may find it useful to understand how this opportunistic and adaptable predator uses available food sources to reduce conflict across the landscape.
文摘When attempting to understand where domestic plants and animals were domesticated, it is essential to consider the geographic distribution of the wild ancestor. Many domestic taxa now inhabit just about every continent thanks to their human-mediated dispersal which began soon after they were incorporated into the human niche.
文摘There is a need for new antimicrobial drugs due to the continuous development of resistance. Natural antimicrobials are of utmost importance due to safety issue and availability. The antifungal activity of four essential oils (Mentha piperta, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon citratus, and Oreganum majoranum oils) against locally isolated Microsporum canis was determined by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using broth dilution method. Mentha piperta oil showed the highest antifungal activity among tested oils in this study. The total inhibition attached when 0.046% was used with M. piperta, the total inhibition obtained with the 0.133% of C. citratus oil, which is accounted as the second essential oils, also T. vulgaris and O. majoranum oils achieved reductions at 0.133%. The present work has revealed that all oils have been used in low concentrations and produced promising results in comparison to the positive control (Clotrimazole).
