An artificial withdrawal reflex arc that can realize neuromorphic tactile perception,neural coding,information processing,and real-time responses was fabricated at the device level without dependence on algorithms.As ...An artificial withdrawal reflex arc that can realize neuromorphic tactile perception,neural coding,information processing,and real-time responses was fabricated at the device level without dependence on algorithms.As an extended application,the artificial reflex arc was used to perform an object-lifting task based on tactile commands,and it can easily lift a 200-g weight.A fiber-exploiting electro-optical synaptic transistor(FEST)was fabricated to emulate synaptic plasticity modulated by electrical or optical spikes.Due to an ultrahigh spike duration-dependent plasticity index(~12,651%),the FEST was applied in electro-optical encrypted communication tasks and effectively increased signal recognition accuracy.In addition,the FEST has excellent bending resistance(bending radii=0.6-1.4 cm,bending cycles>2000)and stable illumination responses for a wide range of incident angles(0°-360°),demonstrating its potential applicability in wearable electronics.This work presents new design strategies for complete artificial reflex arcs and wearable neuromorphic devices,which may have applications in bioinspired artificial intelligence,human-machine interaction,and neuroprosthetics.展开更多
Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu （ST37） and Tianshu （ST25） can improve visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Colorectal distension was used to establish a rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Immunohistoche...Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu （ST37） and Tianshu （ST25） can improve visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Colorectal distension was used to establish a rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia from rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Results demonstrated that abdominal withdrawal reflex scores obviously increased following establishment of the model, indicating visceral hypersensitivity. Simultaneously, P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression increased in dorsal root ganglia. After bilateral electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu and Tianshu, abdominal withdrawal reflex scores and P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression decreased in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. These results indicated that electroacupuncture treatment improved visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome by reducing P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of ZD 7288, a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, on rats with chronic visceral pain.
We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is abov...We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flaptop is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy consumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less-than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increasing the activated volume;outside the beam effective radius the low power density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam revolution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower the maximum temperature.展开更多
We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is abov...We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. We non-dimensionalize the problem to write the temperature as the product of a parameter-free function of non-dimensional variables and a function of beam parameters. This formulation allows studying beam parameters without knowing skin material parameters. We examine the effects of spot size, total power and distribution type of the electromagnetic beam on 3 quantities at reflex: 1) the time to reflex, 2) the maximum temperature increase, and 3) the total energy consumption. We find that the flat-top beam is the best, with the lowest energy consumption and the smallest maximum temperature increase. The Super-Gaussian beam is only slightly inferior to the flat-top. The Gaussian beam has by far the worst performance among these three.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(T2125005)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0198200,2022YFA1204500,and 2022YFA1204504)+3 种基金the Tianjin Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(19JCJQJC61000)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(JCYJ20210324121002008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204131)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160336).
文摘An artificial withdrawal reflex arc that can realize neuromorphic tactile perception,neural coding,information processing,and real-time responses was fabricated at the device level without dependence on algorithms.As an extended application,the artificial reflex arc was used to perform an object-lifting task based on tactile commands,and it can easily lift a 200-g weight.A fiber-exploiting electro-optical synaptic transistor(FEST)was fabricated to emulate synaptic plasticity modulated by electrical or optical spikes.Due to an ultrahigh spike duration-dependent plasticity index(~12,651%),the FEST was applied in electro-optical encrypted communication tasks and effectively increased signal recognition accuracy.In addition,the FEST has excellent bending resistance(bending radii=0.6-1.4 cm,bending cycles>2000)and stable illumination responses for a wide range of incident angles(0°-360°),demonstrating its potential applicability in wearable electronics.This work presents new design strategies for complete artificial reflex arcs and wearable neuromorphic devices,which may have applications in bioinspired artificial intelligence,human-machine interaction,and neuroprosthetics.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973783the Shanghai Municipal Scientific Committee Project,No.11ZR1434300the Key Subject Program of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
文摘Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu （ST37） and Tianshu （ST25） can improve visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Colorectal distension was used to establish a rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia from rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Results demonstrated that abdominal withdrawal reflex scores obviously increased following establishment of the model, indicating visceral hypersensitivity. Simultaneously, P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression increased in dorsal root ganglia. After bilateral electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu and Tianshu, abdominal withdrawal reflex scores and P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression decreased in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. These results indicated that electroacupuncture treatment improved visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome by reducing P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Fund of Fujian Province,No.C0910595 and No.2012J05053Science Fund and Doctor Initial Fund of FMU,No.09ZD009 and No.2010BS008
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of ZD 7288, a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, on rats with chronic visceral pain.
文摘We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flaptop is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy consumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less-than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increasing the activated volume;outside the beam effective radius the low power density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam revolution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower the maximum temperature.
文摘We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. We non-dimensionalize the problem to write the temperature as the product of a parameter-free function of non-dimensional variables and a function of beam parameters. This formulation allows studying beam parameters without knowing skin material parameters. We examine the effects of spot size, total power and distribution type of the electromagnetic beam on 3 quantities at reflex: 1) the time to reflex, 2) the maximum temperature increase, and 3) the total energy consumption. We find that the flat-top beam is the best, with the lowest energy consumption and the smallest maximum temperature increase. The Super-Gaussian beam is only slightly inferior to the flat-top. The Gaussian beam has by far the worst performance among these three.
