BACKGROUND： The four measures used to assess the stability of the Wisconsin card sorting test （WCST）, that is, the number of preservative errors, percentage of preservative errors, number of categories completed, a...BACKGROUND： The four measures used to assess the stability of the Wisconsin card sorting test （WCST）, that is, the number of preservative errors, percentage of preservative errors, number of categories completed, and the number of trials to complete the first category, reflect the function of the frontal lobe. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to investigate the effects of asthma on the stability of WCST measurements through the use of a twin study, and to analyze whether egg-type difference exists. DESIGN： A cohort study. SETTING： Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-nine pairs of twins, aged 6-16 years, were primarily selected from schools between August 2005 and February 2007 and the WCST and Zygosity identification test was applied. Twins with achromatopsia, severe upper limb diseases, somatic diseases, or mental disorders were excluded. According to disease history of asthmatic attack, children were assigned into asthma （n = 16） and non-asthma （n = 43） groups. METHODS： Four WCST measurements were determined in the 59 pairs of twins, and egg-type differences were identified in conjunction. RESULTS： All 59 pairs of twins were included in the final analysis. Among the pairs of twins, 28 （48.5 %） were monozygotic twins, and 31 （52%） were dizygotic twins. Among the monozygotic and dizygotic twins, the number of preservative errors and percentage of preservative errors were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no significant difference of each corresponding measure between the monozygotic and dizygotic twins （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Asthma may affect the stability of WCST measures, but egg-type differences do not exist.展开更多
Aim: In this study we used the Nelson’s Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST) to find the differences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group/Vascular dementia (VD) group and a normal control group (non-dementia and non-...Aim: In this study we used the Nelson’s Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST) to find the differences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group/Vascular dementia (VD) group and a normal control group (non-dementia and non-AD), and to identify the commonality between the MCST and dementia patients. Patients and Methods: The MCST was administered to 32 AD patients, 18 vascular dementia patients, and 38 controls. The relationship between the MCST performance and demographic characteristics was evaluated. Results: There were no statistical differences in age, sex, level of education, smoking, drinking and depression in the three groups. The MCST was classified into four groups for analysis—number of categories completed (Cat), preservative error score (PE), non-preservative error score (NPE), unique error (UE) and total error (TE). For Cat, UE and TE showed a significant difference in all three groups, whereas PE and NPE revealed no significant difference. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cognitive function appears to significantly impair MCST performances in AD and VD patients, so these should be taken into consideration during an interpretation of the clinical assessment. For the effective use of the MCST in a clinical setting, further studies of specific clinical populations are planned to develop normative data for elderly Taiwan Residents people.展开更多
目的探讨稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者的执行功能损害及其影响因素。方法纳入115例稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者和115名正常对照,采用言语流畅性测验(动物)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card SortingTest,WSCT)、汉诺塔(Tower of Hanoi,TOH)...目的探讨稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者的执行功能损害及其影响因素。方法纳入115例稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者和115名正常对照,采用言语流畅性测验(动物)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card SortingTest,WSCT)、汉诺塔(Tower of Hanoi,TOH)评定执行功能,比较组间的差异及分析患者执行功能的影响因素。结果①患者组言语流畅总数、WSCT(分类数、总错误数和持续错误数)、TOH(总分、平均执行时间)成绩均较正常对照差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②进一步分层分析,有和无精神病性症状患者组在言语流畅总数、WSCT(分类数、总错误数和持续错误数)和TOH平均执行时间成绩均较对照组差,且前者的TOH总分也较对照组差,上述差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无精神病性症状组TOH平均计划时间均长于有精神病性症状组和正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③相关分析显示,患者组WSCT各项指标均与发病年龄相关,言语流畅测验和TOH的各指标均分别与汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分、Young躁狂量表评分或病期相关,上述相关均有统计学意义(P<0.05)但相关均不强。未发现稳定时间长短与任何执行功能指标相关(P>0.05)。结论稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者存在明显的执行功能损害,其中WSCT指标独立于临床症状。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundationof China, No. 30470607
文摘BACKGROUND： The four measures used to assess the stability of the Wisconsin card sorting test （WCST）, that is, the number of preservative errors, percentage of preservative errors, number of categories completed, and the number of trials to complete the first category, reflect the function of the frontal lobe. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to investigate the effects of asthma on the stability of WCST measurements through the use of a twin study, and to analyze whether egg-type difference exists. DESIGN： A cohort study. SETTING： Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-nine pairs of twins, aged 6-16 years, were primarily selected from schools between August 2005 and February 2007 and the WCST and Zygosity identification test was applied. Twins with achromatopsia, severe upper limb diseases, somatic diseases, or mental disorders were excluded. According to disease history of asthmatic attack, children were assigned into asthma （n = 16） and non-asthma （n = 43） groups. METHODS： Four WCST measurements were determined in the 59 pairs of twins, and egg-type differences were identified in conjunction. RESULTS： All 59 pairs of twins were included in the final analysis. Among the pairs of twins, 28 （48.5 %） were monozygotic twins, and 31 （52%） were dizygotic twins. Among the monozygotic and dizygotic twins, the number of preservative errors and percentage of preservative errors were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no significant difference of each corresponding measure between the monozygotic and dizygotic twins （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Asthma may affect the stability of WCST measures, but egg-type differences do not exist.
文摘Aim: In this study we used the Nelson’s Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST) to find the differences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group/Vascular dementia (VD) group and a normal control group (non-dementia and non-AD), and to identify the commonality between the MCST and dementia patients. Patients and Methods: The MCST was administered to 32 AD patients, 18 vascular dementia patients, and 38 controls. The relationship between the MCST performance and demographic characteristics was evaluated. Results: There were no statistical differences in age, sex, level of education, smoking, drinking and depression in the three groups. The MCST was classified into four groups for analysis—number of categories completed (Cat), preservative error score (PE), non-preservative error score (NPE), unique error (UE) and total error (TE). For Cat, UE and TE showed a significant difference in all three groups, whereas PE and NPE revealed no significant difference. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cognitive function appears to significantly impair MCST performances in AD and VD patients, so these should be taken into consideration during an interpretation of the clinical assessment. For the effective use of the MCST in a clinical setting, further studies of specific clinical populations are planned to develop normative data for elderly Taiwan Residents people.
文摘目的探讨稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者的执行功能损害及其影响因素。方法纳入115例稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者和115名正常对照,采用言语流畅性测验(动物)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card SortingTest,WSCT)、汉诺塔(Tower of Hanoi,TOH)评定执行功能,比较组间的差异及分析患者执行功能的影响因素。结果①患者组言语流畅总数、WSCT(分类数、总错误数和持续错误数)、TOH(总分、平均执行时间)成绩均较正常对照差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②进一步分层分析,有和无精神病性症状患者组在言语流畅总数、WSCT(分类数、总错误数和持续错误数)和TOH平均执行时间成绩均较对照组差,且前者的TOH总分也较对照组差,上述差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无精神病性症状组TOH平均计划时间均长于有精神病性症状组和正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③相关分析显示,患者组WSCT各项指标均与发病年龄相关,言语流畅测验和TOH的各指标均分别与汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分、Young躁狂量表评分或病期相关,上述相关均有统计学意义(P<0.05)但相关均不强。未发现稳定时间长短与任何执行功能指标相关(P>0.05)。结论稳定期双相障碍Ⅰ型患者存在明显的执行功能损害,其中WSCT指标独立于临床症状。
