The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also changed.We studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most he...The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also changed.We studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China,during the most polluted season(winter).Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)decreased significantly year-by-year,from 195.8±91.0μg/m~3in winter 2016 to 96.1±39.3μg/m^(3)in winter 2020.The mass concentrations of organic matter(OM),SO_()4^(2-),NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased by 49.6%,57.1%,49.7% and 28.7%,respectively.The differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO_(3)^(-)and there was a larger contribution from mobile sources.The contribution of OM and NO_(3)^(-)not only increased with increasing levels of pollution,but also increased year-by-year at the same level of pollution.Four sources of PM_(2.5)were identified:combustion sources,vehicular emissions,dust and secondary aerosols.Secondary aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year,from 40.6%in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter 2020.By contrast,the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%.Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants(e.g.,OM and NO_(3)^(-))and sources(secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions)in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.展开更多
With the advent of climate change,winter temperatures have been steadily increasing in the middle-to-high latitudes of the world.However,we have not found a corresponding decrease in the number of extremely cold winte...With the advent of climate change,winter temperatures have been steadily increasing in the middle-to-high latitudes of the world.However,we have not found a corresponding decrease in the number of extremely cold winters.This paper,based on Climatic Research Unit(CRU)re-analysis data,and methods of trend analysis,mutation analysis,correlation analysis,reports on the effects of Arctic warming on winter temperatures in Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China.The results show that:(1)during the period 1961-2018,winter temperatures in the Arctic increased considerably,that is,3.5 times those of the Equator,which has led to an increasing temperature gradient between the Arctic and the Equator.An abrupt change in winter temperatures in the Arctic was observed in 2000.(2)Due to the global warming,an extremely significant warming occurred in Heilongjiang in winter,in particular,after the Arctic mutation in 2000,although there were two warm winters,more cold winters were observed and the interannual variability of winter temperature also increased.(3)Affected by the warming trend in the Arctic,the Siberian High has intensified,and both the Arctic Vortex and the Eurasian Zonal Circulation Index has weakened.This explains the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang,and why cold winters still dominate.Moreover,the increase in temperature difference between the Arctic and the Equator is another reason for the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang.展开更多
The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games are only a year away.Three years ago,at the closing ceremony of the 23rd Winter Olympics in PyeongChang,South Korea,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended a warm invitation to peop...The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games are only a year away.Three years ago,at the closing ceremony of the 23rd Winter Olympics in PyeongChang,South Korea,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended a warm invitation to people from all over the world:“See you in Beijing in 2022!”He pledged that Beijing would strive to deliver on its commitment to present an exciting,extraordinary,and outstanding Winter Olympic Games.展开更多
Human activities have unintentionally helped rats grow rapidly worldwide.Beyond food waste and heated buildings,expanding cities and poorly maintained underground systems create endless shelters for rats.Now,climate c...Human activities have unintentionally helped rats grow rapidly worldwide.Beyond food waste and heated buildings,expanding cities and poorly maintained underground systems create endless shelters for rats.Now,climate change adds another challenge.A recent study in Science Advances reveals that warmer winters are boosting rat populations in cities.Researchers analyzed 16 cities across North America and Europe,finding that regions with faster temperature rises reported more frequent rat sightings.For example,Washington,D.C.saw a 25%increase in rat activity per 1℃ winter warming.展开更多
To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agric...To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.展开更多
China’s winter sports boom creates jobs and spurs economic growth,bringing substantial benefit to the general public,local governments,and businesses.CHINA’s ice and snow economy,riding on the winter sports boom,is ...China’s winter sports boom creates jobs and spurs economic growth,bringing substantial benefit to the general public,local governments,and businesses.CHINA’s ice and snow economy,riding on the winter sports boom,is stimulating consumption across the country,fueling regional development and creating new industrial ecosystems.This trend perfectly matches one of China’s key tasks for 2026.展开更多
The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 d...The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 disciplines--sent its largest-ever delegation to an overseas Winter Olympics.展开更多
China Posts Best-Ever Overseas Result at Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competition that saw broad participation,historic breakthroughs,and Ch...China Posts Best-Ever Overseas Result at Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competition that saw broad participation,historic breakthroughs,and China’s bestever performance at an overseas Winter Games.展开更多
How is a nation’s embrace of snow and ice shaping a new cultural identity and igniting a multi-trillion-yuan economic boom?ADRIAAN Smit now cannot imagine a life without snowboarding,a passion that has become central...How is a nation’s embrace of snow and ice shaping a new cultural identity and igniting a multi-trillion-yuan economic boom?ADRIAAN Smit now cannot imagine a life without snowboarding,a passion that has become central to his world.He is excited to witness how winter sports are fostering a new winter culture in China.Listening to Smit speaking so enthusiastically about the slopes,one might assume he was raised in a region where snow sports are a way of life,but the fact is quite the contrary.展开更多
Yiwu merchants ride a winter sports boom as“Made in China”gear heats up the global economy Yiwu,located in east China’s Zhejiang Province,is globally renowned as a hub for small commodities.This winter,its snow and...Yiwu merchants ride a winter sports boom as“Made in China”gear heats up the global economy Yiwu,located in east China’s Zhejiang Province,is globally renowned as a hub for small commodities.This winter,its snow and ice sports products are generating a surge in business.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42205100 and 41805095)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2019YFS0476and 2022NSFSC0982)support from the Sichuan comprehensive monitoring station for environmental air quality。
文摘The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also changed.We studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China,during the most polluted season(winter).Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)decreased significantly year-by-year,from 195.8±91.0μg/m~3in winter 2016 to 96.1±39.3μg/m^(3)in winter 2020.The mass concentrations of organic matter(OM),SO_()4^(2-),NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased by 49.6%,57.1%,49.7% and 28.7%,respectively.The differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO_(3)^(-)and there was a larger contribution from mobile sources.The contribution of OM and NO_(3)^(-)not only increased with increasing levels of pollution,but also increased year-by-year at the same level of pollution.Four sources of PM_(2.5)were identified:combustion sources,vehicular emissions,dust and secondary aerosols.Secondary aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year,from 40.6%in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter 2020.By contrast,the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%.Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants(e.g.,OM and NO_(3)^(-))and sources(secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions)in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771067,No.U20A2082Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.ZD2020D002。
文摘With the advent of climate change,winter temperatures have been steadily increasing in the middle-to-high latitudes of the world.However,we have not found a corresponding decrease in the number of extremely cold winters.This paper,based on Climatic Research Unit(CRU)re-analysis data,and methods of trend analysis,mutation analysis,correlation analysis,reports on the effects of Arctic warming on winter temperatures in Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China.The results show that:(1)during the period 1961-2018,winter temperatures in the Arctic increased considerably,that is,3.5 times those of the Equator,which has led to an increasing temperature gradient between the Arctic and the Equator.An abrupt change in winter temperatures in the Arctic was observed in 2000.(2)Due to the global warming,an extremely significant warming occurred in Heilongjiang in winter,in particular,after the Arctic mutation in 2000,although there were two warm winters,more cold winters were observed and the interannual variability of winter temperature also increased.(3)Affected by the warming trend in the Arctic,the Siberian High has intensified,and both the Arctic Vortex and the Eurasian Zonal Circulation Index has weakened.This explains the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang,and why cold winters still dominate.Moreover,the increase in temperature difference between the Arctic and the Equator is another reason for the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang.
文摘The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games are only a year away.Three years ago,at the closing ceremony of the 23rd Winter Olympics in PyeongChang,South Korea,Chinese President Xi Jinping extended a warm invitation to people from all over the world:“See you in Beijing in 2022!”He pledged that Beijing would strive to deliver on its commitment to present an exciting,extraordinary,and outstanding Winter Olympic Games.
文摘Human activities have unintentionally helped rats grow rapidly worldwide.Beyond food waste and heated buildings,expanding cities and poorly maintained underground systems create endless shelters for rats.Now,climate change adds another challenge.A recent study in Science Advances reveals that warmer winters are boosting rat populations in cities.Researchers analyzed 16 cities across North America and Europe,finding that regions with faster temperature rises reported more frequent rat sightings.For example,Washington,D.C.saw a 25%increase in rat activity per 1℃ winter warming.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900104)。
文摘To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.
文摘China’s winter sports boom creates jobs and spurs economic growth,bringing substantial benefit to the general public,local governments,and businesses.CHINA’s ice and snow economy,riding on the winter sports boom,is stimulating consumption across the country,fueling regional development and creating new industrial ecosystems.This trend perfectly matches one of China’s key tasks for 2026.
文摘The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 disciplines--sent its largest-ever delegation to an overseas Winter Olympics.
文摘China Posts Best-Ever Overseas Result at Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competition that saw broad participation,historic breakthroughs,and China’s bestever performance at an overseas Winter Games.
文摘How is a nation’s embrace of snow and ice shaping a new cultural identity and igniting a multi-trillion-yuan economic boom?ADRIAAN Smit now cannot imagine a life without snowboarding,a passion that has become central to his world.He is excited to witness how winter sports are fostering a new winter culture in China.Listening to Smit speaking so enthusiastically about the slopes,one might assume he was raised in a region where snow sports are a way of life,but the fact is quite the contrary.
文摘Yiwu merchants ride a winter sports boom as“Made in China”gear heats up the global economy Yiwu,located in east China’s Zhejiang Province,is globally renowned as a hub for small commodities.This winter,its snow and ice sports products are generating a surge in business.
