[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler h...[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler house in the same farm was chosen to determine indoor ambient temperature,humidity and air quality at 3-6 weeks age of broilers in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in four different positions in the house. [Result] There was no significant difference in ambient temperature between autumn and winter( P > 0. 05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter( P < 0. 05). The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter,while ammonia concentration in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide concentration of broiler house in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05).The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion]The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter,the humidity was reduced,the carbon dioxide concentration was increased,and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased. The ventilation in winter should be increased in case of heat preservation.展开更多
Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weed...Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weeds and there is the farming potential that the annual rice yield is high. However, there is no detailed research about the effects of weed communities by winter-flooding, as the purpose of this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibition of weed communities (life cycle, harmful weed) by winter-flooding at a shore of Inba Lake, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and compared them to paddy weeds in a dry paddy field. Methods examined the plant height (cm) and the cover degree class of all appearance species in each quadrant frame (1 m2). Quadrant in the two type paddies were 10 frames (D1-D10) at the control, and were 10 frames (W1-W10) at the treatment (Figure 1). In a winter-flooded paddy field, species number and plant volume of winter-annual plants decreased in the third winter after winter-flooding, In particular, the plant volume of Alopecurus aequalis, Cardamine flexuosa decreased significantly. We considered that the cause of this decrease was due to the depth of flooding (more than 10 cm). Eleocharis kuroguwai and Echinochloa oryzoides, which are perennial plants, Sagittaria trifolia, which is an annual plant, increased in a winter-flooded paddy field in the third summer after winter-flooding. We considered that these species grew thicker at places where the seeds germinated, and grew easily, because the conservation situation of the seeds fitted well under the winter-flooding conditions. They started to grow immediately after the drainage of water. The period of drainage coincided with increasing light intensity and temperature. In addition, the annual rice yield of the third year after winter-flooding was higher than that of the habitual practice rice field.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(20140311021-2)Key Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YGG1609)Special Fund of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-42)
文摘[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler house in the same farm was chosen to determine indoor ambient temperature,humidity and air quality at 3-6 weeks age of broilers in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in four different positions in the house. [Result] There was no significant difference in ambient temperature between autumn and winter( P > 0. 05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter( P < 0. 05). The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter,while ammonia concentration in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide concentration of broiler house in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05).The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion]The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter,the humidity was reduced,the carbon dioxide concentration was increased,and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased. The ventilation in winter should be increased in case of heat preservation.
文摘Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weeds and there is the farming potential that the annual rice yield is high. However, there is no detailed research about the effects of weed communities by winter-flooding, as the purpose of this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibition of weed communities (life cycle, harmful weed) by winter-flooding at a shore of Inba Lake, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and compared them to paddy weeds in a dry paddy field. Methods examined the plant height (cm) and the cover degree class of all appearance species in each quadrant frame (1 m2). Quadrant in the two type paddies were 10 frames (D1-D10) at the control, and were 10 frames (W1-W10) at the treatment (Figure 1). In a winter-flooded paddy field, species number and plant volume of winter-annual plants decreased in the third winter after winter-flooding, In particular, the plant volume of Alopecurus aequalis, Cardamine flexuosa decreased significantly. We considered that the cause of this decrease was due to the depth of flooding (more than 10 cm). Eleocharis kuroguwai and Echinochloa oryzoides, which are perennial plants, Sagittaria trifolia, which is an annual plant, increased in a winter-flooded paddy field in the third summer after winter-flooding. We considered that these species grew thicker at places where the seeds germinated, and grew easily, because the conservation situation of the seeds fitted well under the winter-flooding conditions. They started to grow immediately after the drainage of water. The period of drainage coincided with increasing light intensity and temperature. In addition, the annual rice yield of the third year after winter-flooding was higher than that of the habitual practice rice field.
