In mixed fisheries where there is an increased ecological interdependence between two or more target species, the possibilities of fishing these species must be determined jointly, since catches of one species will im...In mixed fisheries where there is an increased ecological interdependence between two or more target species, the possibilities of fishing these species must be determined jointly, since catches of one species will impact the natural growth not only of that species but of the others, as well. The objective of this paper is to develop a predator-prey model for two major species caught by the EU fishing fleet on European Union fishing grounds. The predator and prey’s population dynamics follow the Lotka-Volterra equation and are assumed to be logic-based, and a lineal interaction between the predator and prey populations is assumed. Optimal single owner multispecies fishery management is analysed, and the applied model is solved, obtaining the equilibrium value of biomasses, catches, and net benefits of the mixed fishery. The results show that the MSY of the predator is higher than that estimated by ICES, while MSY for prey is lower. The sensitivity analysis of the results reveals that the biomass levels of both species decrease as the discount rate increases, while catches increase.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables th...Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.展开更多
A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on ...A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on Women,held in Beijing in Oetober.The white paper noted the efforts made by South China's Guangdong Province in promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality inm sehools.展开更多
January 20 marked one year since Donald Trump's returm to the White House.At this time last year,wamings that the U.S.might adopt a more unilateral and confrontational foreign policy,prioritizing its own strategic...January 20 marked one year since Donald Trump's returm to the White House.At this time last year,wamings that the U.S.might adopt a more unilateral and confrontational foreign policy,prioritizing its own strategic interests even at great international cost,would likely have been met with widespread skepticism.展开更多
The Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility(SHINE)is currently under construction as one of the world’s most advanced hard X-ray free-electron laser facilities.The timing system,as an essential ...The Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility(SHINE)is currently under construction as one of the world’s most advanced hard X-ray free-electron laser facilities.The timing system,as an essential part of the free-electron laser facility,provides precise timing of trigger pulse signals for a range of devices to ensure that particles are generated and accelerated to the designed energy while enabling the precise measurement of beam parameters.To precisely distribute and synchronize the 1.003086 MHz(1300/1296)timing signals over a distance of approximately 3.1 km based on White Rabbit technology,three technical routes have been proposed.This paper begins with a description of the design and development process of the timing system for the SHINE project,which culminates with the determination of the design scheme.During the installation and commissioning of the timing system,the jitter accuracy of the timing signal was tested and found to be less than 10 ps,which meets the requirements of the project.Furthermore,the precise clock synchronization signal provided by the timing system supported the joint debugging of various related systems and realization of beam acquisition.展开更多
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an i...Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important factor influencing the onset and progression of vascular dementia.The myelin sheath is a critical component of white matter,and damage and repair of the white matter are closely linked to myelin sheath integrity.This article reviews the role of microglia in vascular dementia,focusing on their effects on myelin sheaths and the potential therapeutic implications.The findings suggest that ischemia and hypoxia cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia,which may worsen blood-brain barrier damage through the release of matrix-degrading enzymes.Microglia-mediated metabolic reprogramming is recognized as an important driver of inflammation.Damage to the blood-brain barrier and subsequent inflammation can lead to myelin injury and accelerate the progression of vascular dementia.Early activation of microglia is a protective response that contributes to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity through sensing,debris-clearing,and defensive mechanisms.However,prolonged activation can trigger a shift in microglia toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype,resulting in myelin damage and cognitive impairment.Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 have been identified as potential biomarkers for vascular dementia,as both are closely linked to cognitive decline.Although effective clinical treatments for myelin damage in the central nervous system are currently lacking,researchers are actively working to develop targeted therapies.Several drugs,including nimodipine,dopaminergic agents,simvastatin,biotin,and quetiapine,have been evaluated for clinical use in treating microglial and myelin damage.Future research will face challenges in developing targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular dementia,requiring further investigation into the timing,duration,and specific mechanisms of microglial activation,as well as the exploration of new drug combinations and additional therapeutic targets.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are...Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.展开更多
Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provid...Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons.Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases.In fact,myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases,including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.In the central nervous system,compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes.However,the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages.In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation,oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes.Therefore,myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals.In this review,we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms.We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent,slow down,or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration.Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of white matter lesions.However,the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in ferroptosis within white matter lesio...Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of white matter lesions.However,the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in ferroptosis within white matter lesions remain unclear.Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs)have been shown to influence the occurrence and development of these lesions.We previously identified lnc_011797 as a biomarker of white matter lesions by high-throughput sequencing.To investigate the mechanism by which lnc_011797 regulates white matter lesions,we established subjected human umbilical vein endothelial cells to oxygenglucose deprivation to simulate conditions associated with white matter lesions.The cells were transfected with lnc_011797 overexpression or knockdown lentiviruses.Our findings indicate that lnc_011797 promoted ferroptosis in these cells,leading to the formation of white matter lesions.Furthermore,lnc_011797 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA(ce RNA)for mi R-193b-3p,thereby regulating the expression of WNK1 and its downstream ferroptosis-related proteins.To validate the role of lnc_011797 in vivo,we established a mouse model of white matter lesions through bilateral common carotid artery stenosis.The results from this model confirmed that lnc_011797 regulates ferroptosis via WNK1 and promotes the development of white matter lesions.These findings clarify the mechanism by which lnc RNAs regulate white matter lesions,providing a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of white matter lesions.展开更多
Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells...Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.展开更多
Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
With the advancement of astronomical observation technology,people have a deeper understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies,but many details of our own Milky Way and other external galaxies are still unk...With the advancement of astronomical observation technology,people have a deeper understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies,but many details of our own Milky Way and other external galaxies are still unknown.Therefore,by studying the formation and orbital transformation mechanism of satellites,planets and stars,the author puts forward a new theory on the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies,thus revealing the hierarchical structure of galaxies and the formation and evolution laws of main sequence stars,red giants,white dwarfs,black dwarfs,supernovae,neutron stars,black holes and quasars.Some special phenomena in the course of star formation and evolution,such as sunspots,flares,fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts,have also been revealed.展开更多
Inorganic lead-free double perovskites have the advantages of low toxicity,broadband emission,and good stability,which make them promising luminescent materials for lighting applications.However,due to the limited reg...Inorganic lead-free double perovskites have the advantages of low toxicity,broadband emission,and good stability,which make them promising luminescent materials for lighting applications.However,due to the limited regulation of their self-trapped exciton emission,it is still greatly challenging to achieve white light emitting from a single double perovskite host.Herein,efficient and tunable white light is realized in Cs_(2)NalnCl_(6)∶Sb^(3+),Tb^(3+),Sm^(3+)double perovskite by controlling the ratios of the doped three ions with blue,green,and red emissions,respectively.The steady-state and transient fluorescence spectra of singly-and doubly-doped double perovskites reveal the existence of multiple energy transfer channels in the triply-doped phosphors,including from Sb^(3+)to Tb^(3+),Sb^(3+)to Sm^(3+),and Tb^(3+)to Sm^(3+).Benefiting from these channels,the color coordinates of the triply-doped phosphors can cross the whole white light area of the CIE chromaticity diagram by adjusting the ratios of the three dopants,and the maximum internal quantum yield of the white light phosphors is 66.61%.The white emission phosphors show the characteristic of being independent of excitation wavelength within 310-360 nm.Furthermore,the emission intensity at 430 K of the white light phosphor Cs_(2)NalnCl_(6)∶0.01Sb^(3+),0.65Tb^(3+),0.20Sm^(3+)remains 50% of that at room temperature.A WLED device fabricated with the phosphor and a 365 nm LED chip exhibits a high color rendering index of 90.9,correlated color temperature of 5469 K,and CIE coordinates of(0.333 and 0.328).The results indicate that the as-prepared double perovskite materials are promising candidates in the solid-state lighting field.展开更多
Occurrence and abundance of molecular hydrogen in natural geologic reservoirs are enigmatic,due to its various sources,diverse migration pathways and complicated biological and chemical reactions.Natural gas samples c...Occurrence and abundance of molecular hydrogen in natural geologic reservoirs are enigmatic,due to its various sources,diverse migration pathways and complicated biological and chemical reactions.Natural gas samples containing hydrogen from producing wells in several sedimentary basins in China were collected in this study,and gas abundances and isotopic compositions of these gases were compared with those in global petroliferous basins and deep intrusive rocks.Several geochemical indicators were suggested for identifying sources,migration and accumulation mechanisms of hydrogen in the subsurface environment.Hydrogen contents in natural gas deposits have contributions from various sources with the following high-to-low order:microbial degradation>serpentinization>deep mantle volatile release>radiation-induced water decomposition>thermal cracking of organic matter.A hydrogen-rich reservoir in Kansas,USA,is specifically analyzed to determine its formation mechanism.This study suggests that future exploration of geological hydrogen resources may focus on the igneous rock bodies with overlying dense sedimentary rocks in the continental rift systems.展开更多
Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxy...Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.展开更多
As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes greater.Currently,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form.However,it is becoming cle...As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes greater.Currently,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form.However,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of cSVD.The term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).展开更多
The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs b...The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.展开更多
To further understand the performance of the energy harvesters under the influence of the wind force and the random excitation,this paper investigates the stochastic response of the bio-inspired energy harvesters subj...To further understand the performance of the energy harvesters under the influence of the wind force and the random excitation,this paper investigates the stochastic response of the bio-inspired energy harvesters subjected to Gaussian white noise and galloping excitation,simulating the flapping pattern of a seagull and its interaction with wind force.The equivalent linearization method is utilized to convert the original nonlinear model into the Itôstochastic differential equation by minimizing the mean squared error.Then,the second-order steady-state moments about the displacement,velocity,and voltage are derived by combining the moment analysis theory.The theoretical results are simulated numerically to analyze the stochastic response performance under different noise intensities,wind speeds,stiffness coefficients,and electromechanical coupling coefficients,time domain analysis is also conducted to study the performance of the harvester with different parameters.The results reveal that the mean square displacement and voltage increase with increasing the noise intensity and wind speed,larger absolute values of stiffness coefficient correspond to smaller mean square displacement and voltage,and larger electromechanical coupling coefficients can enhance the mean square voltage.Finally,the influence of wind speed and electromechanical coupling coefficient on the stationary probability density function(SPDF)is investigated,revealing the existence of a bimodal distribution under varying environmental conditions.展开更多
文摘In mixed fisheries where there is an increased ecological interdependence between two or more target species, the possibilities of fishing these species must be determined jointly, since catches of one species will impact the natural growth not only of that species but of the others, as well. The objective of this paper is to develop a predator-prey model for two major species caught by the EU fishing fleet on European Union fishing grounds. The predator and prey’s population dynamics follow the Lotka-Volterra equation and are assumed to be logic-based, and a lineal interaction between the predator and prey populations is assumed. Optimal single owner multispecies fishery management is analysed, and the applied model is solved, obtaining the equilibrium value of biomasses, catches, and net benefits of the mixed fishery. The results show that the MSY of the predator is higher than that estimated by ICES, while MSY for prey is lower. The sensitivity analysis of the results reveals that the biomass levels of both species decrease as the discount rate increases, while catches increase.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
文摘Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.
文摘A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on Women,held in Beijing in Oetober.The white paper noted the efforts made by South China's Guangdong Province in promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality inm sehools.
文摘January 20 marked one year since Donald Trump's returm to the White House.At this time last year,wamings that the U.S.might adopt a more unilateral and confrontational foreign policy,prioritizing its own strategic interests even at great international cost,would likely have been met with widespread skepticism.
基金supported by SHINE and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX02).
文摘The Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility(SHINE)is currently under construction as one of the world’s most advanced hard X-ray free-electron laser facilities.The timing system,as an essential part of the free-electron laser facility,provides precise timing of trigger pulse signals for a range of devices to ensure that particles are generated and accelerated to the designed energy while enabling the precise measurement of beam parameters.To precisely distribute and synchronize the 1.003086 MHz(1300/1296)timing signals over a distance of approximately 3.1 km based on White Rabbit technology,three technical routes have been proposed.This paper begins with a description of the design and development process of the timing system for the SHINE project,which culminates with the determination of the design scheme.During the installation and commissioning of the timing system,the jitter accuracy of the timing signal was tested and found to be less than 10 ps,which meets the requirements of the project.Furthermore,the precise clock synchronization signal provided by the timing system supported the joint debugging of various related systems and realization of beam acquisition.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U21A20400(to QW)Key Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Nos.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW),2024-JYB-JBZD-043(to CL).
文摘Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important factor influencing the onset and progression of vascular dementia.The myelin sheath is a critical component of white matter,and damage and repair of the white matter are closely linked to myelin sheath integrity.This article reviews the role of microglia in vascular dementia,focusing on their effects on myelin sheaths and the potential therapeutic implications.The findings suggest that ischemia and hypoxia cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia,which may worsen blood-brain barrier damage through the release of matrix-degrading enzymes.Microglia-mediated metabolic reprogramming is recognized as an important driver of inflammation.Damage to the blood-brain barrier and subsequent inflammation can lead to myelin injury and accelerate the progression of vascular dementia.Early activation of microglia is a protective response that contributes to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity through sensing,debris-clearing,and defensive mechanisms.However,prolonged activation can trigger a shift in microglia toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype,resulting in myelin damage and cognitive impairment.Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 have been identified as potential biomarkers for vascular dementia,as both are closely linked to cognitive decline.Although effective clinical treatments for myelin damage in the central nervous system are currently lacking,researchers are actively working to develop targeted therapies.Several drugs,including nimodipine,dopaminergic agents,simvastatin,biotin,and quetiapine,have been evaluated for clinical use in treating microglial and myelin damage.Future research will face challenges in developing targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular dementia,requiring further investigation into the timing,duration,and specific mechanisms of microglial activation,as well as the exploration of new drug combinations and additional therapeutic targets.
基金supported by Craig H.Neilsen Foundation,Wings for Life Foundation,Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and Fonds de Recherche Québec-Santé(to FB).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.
基金supported by grants from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2021A1515110801(to SW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301511(to SW)+1 种基金“Double First-Class”Construction Project of NPU,Nos.0515023GH0202320(to JC),0515023SH0201320(to JC)973 Program,No.2011CB504100(to JC).
文摘Myelination,the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons,is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise,temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons.Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons.Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases.In fact,myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases,including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.In the central nervous system,compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes.However,the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages.In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation,oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes.Therefore,myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals.In this review,we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms.We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent,slow down,or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration.Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the Qingdao Medical Health Research Project,No.2023-WJZD212(to XX)。
文摘Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of white matter lesions.However,the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in ferroptosis within white matter lesions remain unclear.Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs)have been shown to influence the occurrence and development of these lesions.We previously identified lnc_011797 as a biomarker of white matter lesions by high-throughput sequencing.To investigate the mechanism by which lnc_011797 regulates white matter lesions,we established subjected human umbilical vein endothelial cells to oxygenglucose deprivation to simulate conditions associated with white matter lesions.The cells were transfected with lnc_011797 overexpression or knockdown lentiviruses.Our findings indicate that lnc_011797 promoted ferroptosis in these cells,leading to the formation of white matter lesions.Furthermore,lnc_011797 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA(ce RNA)for mi R-193b-3p,thereby regulating the expression of WNK1 and its downstream ferroptosis-related proteins.To validate the role of lnc_011797 in vivo,we established a mouse model of white matter lesions through bilateral common carotid artery stenosis.The results from this model confirmed that lnc_011797 regulates ferroptosis via WNK1 and promotes the development of white matter lesions.These findings clarify the mechanism by which lnc RNAs regulate white matter lesions,providing a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of white matter lesions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH124the Youth Science Foundation of Shandong First Medical University,No.202201–105(both to YX)。
文摘Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
文摘With the advancement of astronomical observation technology,people have a deeper understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies,but many details of our own Milky Way and other external galaxies are still unknown.Therefore,by studying the formation and orbital transformation mechanism of satellites,planets and stars,the author puts forward a new theory on the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies,thus revealing the hierarchical structure of galaxies and the formation and evolution laws of main sequence stars,red giants,white dwarfs,black dwarfs,supernovae,neutron stars,black holes and quasars.Some special phenomena in the course of star formation and evolution,such as sunspots,flares,fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts,have also been revealed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.51972347 and 21771195).
文摘Inorganic lead-free double perovskites have the advantages of low toxicity,broadband emission,and good stability,which make them promising luminescent materials for lighting applications.However,due to the limited regulation of their self-trapped exciton emission,it is still greatly challenging to achieve white light emitting from a single double perovskite host.Herein,efficient and tunable white light is realized in Cs_(2)NalnCl_(6)∶Sb^(3+),Tb^(3+),Sm^(3+)double perovskite by controlling the ratios of the doped three ions with blue,green,and red emissions,respectively.The steady-state and transient fluorescence spectra of singly-and doubly-doped double perovskites reveal the existence of multiple energy transfer channels in the triply-doped phosphors,including from Sb^(3+)to Tb^(3+),Sb^(3+)to Sm^(3+),and Tb^(3+)to Sm^(3+).Benefiting from these channels,the color coordinates of the triply-doped phosphors can cross the whole white light area of the CIE chromaticity diagram by adjusting the ratios of the three dopants,and the maximum internal quantum yield of the white light phosphors is 66.61%.The white emission phosphors show the characteristic of being independent of excitation wavelength within 310-360 nm.Furthermore,the emission intensity at 430 K of the white light phosphor Cs_(2)NalnCl_(6)∶0.01Sb^(3+),0.65Tb^(3+),0.20Sm^(3+)remains 50% of that at room temperature.A WLED device fabricated with the phosphor and a 365 nm LED chip exhibits a high color rendering index of 90.9,correlated color temperature of 5469 K,and CIE coordinates of(0.333 and 0.328).The results indicate that the as-prepared double perovskite materials are promising candidates in the solid-state lighting field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42488101,42141021,42172149,42172168,U2244209)the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Occurrence and abundance of molecular hydrogen in natural geologic reservoirs are enigmatic,due to its various sources,diverse migration pathways and complicated biological and chemical reactions.Natural gas samples containing hydrogen from producing wells in several sedimentary basins in China were collected in this study,and gas abundances and isotopic compositions of these gases were compared with those in global petroliferous basins and deep intrusive rocks.Several geochemical indicators were suggested for identifying sources,migration and accumulation mechanisms of hydrogen in the subsurface environment.Hydrogen contents in natural gas deposits have contributions from various sources with the following high-to-low order:microbial degradation>serpentinization>deep mantle volatile release>radiation-induced water decomposition>thermal cracking of organic matter.A hydrogen-rich reservoir in Kansas,USA,is specifically analyzed to determine its formation mechanism.This study suggests that future exploration of geological hydrogen resources may focus on the igneous rock bodies with overlying dense sedimentary rocks in the continental rift systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0720)Research Center for the Development of the Comprehensive Health Industry and Rural Revitalization of Sichuan TCM(No.DJKYB202306)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020HJZX001).
文摘Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.
文摘As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes greater.Currently,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form.However,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of cSVD.The term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).
文摘The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.
文摘To further understand the performance of the energy harvesters under the influence of the wind force and the random excitation,this paper investigates the stochastic response of the bio-inspired energy harvesters subjected to Gaussian white noise and galloping excitation,simulating the flapping pattern of a seagull and its interaction with wind force.The equivalent linearization method is utilized to convert the original nonlinear model into the Itôstochastic differential equation by minimizing the mean squared error.Then,the second-order steady-state moments about the displacement,velocity,and voltage are derived by combining the moment analysis theory.The theoretical results are simulated numerically to analyze the stochastic response performance under different noise intensities,wind speeds,stiffness coefficients,and electromechanical coupling coefficients,time domain analysis is also conducted to study the performance of the harvester with different parameters.The results reveal that the mean square displacement and voltage increase with increasing the noise intensity and wind speed,larger absolute values of stiffness coefficient correspond to smaller mean square displacement and voltage,and larger electromechanical coupling coefficients can enhance the mean square voltage.Finally,the influence of wind speed and electromechanical coupling coefficient on the stationary probability density function(SPDF)is investigated,revealing the existence of a bimodal distribution under varying environmental conditions.
