Within the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization,increasing urban resilience(UR)is especially important in the arid region of Northwest China(ANC),where fragile ecosystems and an uneven water distrib...Within the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization,increasing urban resilience(UR)is especially important in the arid region of Northwest China(ANC),where fragile ecosystems and an uneven water distribution create significant sustainability challenges.In this study,a coupled UR-water ecosystem services(WESs)framework was developed on the basis of 1-km resolution remote sensing data for the 2000–2020 period obtained from the Landsat series,Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)/Operational Linescan System(OLS),and Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM),among other sources.Within the framework,the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model was incorporated to provide a WES indicator system.Moreover,entropy weighting was employed to quantify both UR and WES indicators;the coupling coordination degree(CCD)model was used to measure the coupled relationship between UR and WESs;an extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)interpretation approach was adopted to identify key drivers and underlying mechanisms;and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)was applied to capture spatial distribution characteristics of major driving factors.The results indicated that UR steadily increased from 4.60×10^(-3) to 10.24×10^(-3),whereas WESs followed an inverted V-shaped trend,with a peak value observed in 2010(11.84×10^(-3)).The CCD remained consistently low(mean:0.0166–0.0246)and exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity.Notably,the degree of coordination was greater in the oasis and mountain core areas but significantly lower at desert areas.XGBoost-SHAP model analysis revealed six key drivers influencing various states of the CCD between UR and WESs systems.The contributions of these factors could be ranked as follows:water yield(WY;24.30%)>farmland area per capita(FP;21.10%)>gross domestic product(GDP)per capita(GDPC;19.00%)>soil retention(SR;14.90%)>population density(PD;5.42%)>water purification(WP;4.40%).In contrast,in UR system,WP(53.66%)and SR(31.62%)served as the dominant drivers.Moreover,the dominant drivers shifted from a combination of natural and socioeconomic factors in StateⅠ(sustainable high resilience)to primarily socioeconomic factors in StateⅢ(unsustainable low resilience).SR and WP exerted positive moderating effects,whereas socioeconomic factors such as GDPC and PD exerted inhibitory effects on the coordination relationship.This research highlights that UR in the ANC region is limited mainly by water scarcity,weak feedback loops,and spatial variability,emphasizing the need for tailored intervention strategies.展开更多
Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are g...Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.展开更多
An explicit expression of the pure vector superfield is derived in gauge theories in the Wess-Zumino gauge. A pure vector superfield means that the theta independent part of the superfield transforms as a Lorentz vect...An explicit expression of the pure vector superfield is derived in gauge theories in the Wess-Zumino gauge. A pure vector superfield means that the theta independent part of the superfield transforms as a Lorentz vector. This is to be contrasted with the so-called general scalar superfield, whose theta independent part is a scalar, as well as with the known spinor superfield, whose theta independent part is a spinor, which both contain a vector field. In contrast to the latter two superfields, the action of supersymmetric gauge theories follows directly from the theory of a pure vector superfield from a so-called D-term. As the construction of a supersymmetric gauge theory of Yang-Mills vector Bosons, is more naturally generated out of a pure vector supersfield and not of a scalar or a spinor, the importance of a pure vector superfield cannot be overemphasized.展开更多
In this paper we construct an anomaly-free chiral-color model in the technicolor schemeby gauging the chiral low-energy effective Lagrangian and Wess-Zumino term in the lightof the gauge group SU(3)_(Cl)×SU(3)_(G...In this paper we construct an anomaly-free chiral-color model in the technicolor schemeby gauging the chiral low-energy effective Lagrangian and Wess-Zumino term in the lightof the gauge group SU(3)_(Cl)×SU(3)_(Gr)×SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y, and obtain (i) the axigluon massM_A>170 GeV, excluding the possibility of the light axigluon and (ii) all possible pure gange-boson vertices including axigluons. Among them the monojet event g_A→gZ^0, Z^0→v?, e^+e^- andthe γ- jet event g_A→gγ are the main predictions which are different from the standardmodel.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01B109)the Tianchi Doctoral Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(BS2021007).
文摘Within the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization,increasing urban resilience(UR)is especially important in the arid region of Northwest China(ANC),where fragile ecosystems and an uneven water distribution create significant sustainability challenges.In this study,a coupled UR-water ecosystem services(WESs)framework was developed on the basis of 1-km resolution remote sensing data for the 2000–2020 period obtained from the Landsat series,Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)/Operational Linescan System(OLS),and Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM),among other sources.Within the framework,the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model was incorporated to provide a WES indicator system.Moreover,entropy weighting was employed to quantify both UR and WES indicators;the coupling coordination degree(CCD)model was used to measure the coupled relationship between UR and WESs;an extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)interpretation approach was adopted to identify key drivers and underlying mechanisms;and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)was applied to capture spatial distribution characteristics of major driving factors.The results indicated that UR steadily increased from 4.60×10^(-3) to 10.24×10^(-3),whereas WESs followed an inverted V-shaped trend,with a peak value observed in 2010(11.84×10^(-3)).The CCD remained consistently low(mean:0.0166–0.0246)and exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity.Notably,the degree of coordination was greater in the oasis and mountain core areas but significantly lower at desert areas.XGBoost-SHAP model analysis revealed six key drivers influencing various states of the CCD between UR and WESs systems.The contributions of these factors could be ranked as follows:water yield(WY;24.30%)>farmland area per capita(FP;21.10%)>gross domestic product(GDP)per capita(GDPC;19.00%)>soil retention(SR;14.90%)>population density(PD;5.42%)>water purification(WP;4.40%).In contrast,in UR system,WP(53.66%)and SR(31.62%)served as the dominant drivers.Moreover,the dominant drivers shifted from a combination of natural and socioeconomic factors in StateⅠ(sustainable high resilience)to primarily socioeconomic factors in StateⅢ(unsustainable low resilience).SR and WP exerted positive moderating effects,whereas socioeconomic factors such as GDPC and PD exerted inhibitory effects on the coordination relationship.This research highlights that UR in the ANC region is limited mainly by water scarcity,weak feedback loops,and spatial variability,emphasizing the need for tailored intervention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273198)
文摘Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.
文摘An explicit expression of the pure vector superfield is derived in gauge theories in the Wess-Zumino gauge. A pure vector superfield means that the theta independent part of the superfield transforms as a Lorentz vector. This is to be contrasted with the so-called general scalar superfield, whose theta independent part is a scalar, as well as with the known spinor superfield, whose theta independent part is a spinor, which both contain a vector field. In contrast to the latter two superfields, the action of supersymmetric gauge theories follows directly from the theory of a pure vector superfield from a so-called D-term. As the construction of a supersymmetric gauge theory of Yang-Mills vector Bosons, is more naturally generated out of a pure vector supersfield and not of a scalar or a spinor, the importance of a pure vector superfield cannot be overemphasized.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In this paper we construct an anomaly-free chiral-color model in the technicolor schemeby gauging the chiral low-energy effective Lagrangian and Wess-Zumino term in the lightof the gauge group SU(3)_(Cl)×SU(3)_(Gr)×SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y, and obtain (i) the axigluon massM_A>170 GeV, excluding the possibility of the light axigluon and (ii) all possible pure gange-boson vertices including axigluons. Among them the monojet event g_A→gZ^0, Z^0→v?, e^+e^- andthe γ- jet event g_A→gγ are the main predictions which are different from the standardmodel.
