The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weigh...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.展开更多
Background: Integrative nutrition has been defined as providing a combination of medical nutrition therapy including a personalized investigation on the root cause of chronic diseases due to poor lifestyle. It has bee...Background: Integrative nutrition has been defined as providing a combination of medical nutrition therapy including a personalized investigation on the root cause of chronic diseases due to poor lifestyle. It has been evident that integrative nutrition has a strong impact in weight management. Case Report: 5 case reports were investigated in the current study where we reported 5 cases of participants that have completed a 6-month duration of a telenutrition weight loss program, supported with weekly telemonitoring and monthly telehealth coaching following an integrative nutrition approach. All participants have significantly lost weight through a 6-month period. Additionally, each participant has worked on specific aspect in their lifestyle following the circle of life components to overcome struggles in following their diets and support weight management. All 5 participants had a significant negative correlation between weight and having fun, home cooking, spirituality, sports, and their jobs, which means that being satisfied with the mentioned (CoL) measures, lower values of the weight and increase steps. Thus, future research must carry similar interventions with long term durations and evaluate the most common aspect of life associated with obesity.展开更多
Liver transplantation serves as a life-saving intervention for patients with endstage liver disease,yet long-term survival remains a challenge.Post-liver transplant obesity seems to have a significant contribution to ...Liver transplantation serves as a life-saving intervention for patients with endstage liver disease,yet long-term survival remains a challenge.Post-liver transplant obesity seems to have a significant contribution to this challenge and it emerges as a significant risk factor for graft steatosis,metabolic syndrome and denovo malignancy development.This review synthesizes current literature on prevalence,risk factors and management strategies for post-liver transplant obesity,emphasizing its impact on graft and patient survival.Literature review consultation was conducted in Medline/PubMed,SciELO and EMBASE,with the combination of the following keywords:Weight management,liver transplantation,immunosuppressive therapy,lifestyle interventions,bariatric surgery.Immunosuppressive therapy has a significant influence on long-term survival of liver transplant patients,yet it seems to have lesser effect on post-transplant obesity development than previously thought.However,it significantly contributes to the development of other components of metabolic syndrome.Key predisposing factors for post-transplant obesity development encompass elevated recipient and donor body mass index,a history of alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,male gender,the absence of cellular rejection and the marital status of the recipient.Tailored immunosuppressive regimens,pharmacotherapy,lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery represent key components in mitigating post-transplant obesity and improving long-term survival and quality of life in this group of patients.Timely identification and intervention thus hold paramount importance.Further research is warranted to refine optimal management strategies and enhance outcomes in this patient population.展开更多
Background:Although concomitant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is common in chronic hepatitis B(CHB),the impact of viral factors on NASH and the outcome of CHB patients concomitant with NASH remain unclear.We aimed...Background:Although concomitant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is common in chronic hepatitis B(CHB),the impact of viral factors on NASH and the outcome of CHB patients concomitant with NASH remain unclear.We aimed to investigate the outcomes of NASH in CHB patients receiving antiviral treatment.Methods:In the post-hoc analysis of a multicenter trial,na?ve CHB patients receiving 72-week entecavir treatment were enrolled.We evaluated the biochemical,viral and histopathological responses of these patients.The histopathological features of NASH were also evaluated,using paired liver biopsies at baseline and week 72.Results:A total of 1000 CHB patients were finally enrolled for analysis,with 18.2%of whom fulfilling the criteria of NASH.A total of 727 patients completed entecavir antiviral treatment and received the second biopsy.Serum HBe Ag loss,HBe Ag seroconversion and HBV-DNA undetectable rates were similar between patients with or without NASH(P>0.05).Among patients with NASH,the hepatic steatosis,ballooning,lobular inflammation scores and fibrosis stages all improved during follow-up(all P<0.001),46%(63/136)achieved NASH resolution.Patients with baseline body mass index(BMI)≥23 kg/m2(Asian criteria)[odds ratio(OR):0.414;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.190-0.899;P=0.012]and weight gain(OR:0.187;95%CI:0.050-0.693;P=0.026)were less likely to have NASH resolution.Among patients without NASH at baseline,22(3.7%)developed NASH.Baseline BMI≥23 kg/m2(OR:12.506;95%CI:2.813-55.606;P=0.001)and weight gain(OR:5.126;95%CI:1.674-15.694;P=0.005)were predictors of incident NASH.Conclusions:Lower BMI and weight reduction but not virologic factors determine NASH resolution in CHB.The value of weight management in CHB patients during antiviral treatment deserves further evaluation.展开更多
A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized p...A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. L-carnitine motivated group showed significant body weight loss and a decrement of serum triglyceride level vs. the non-motivated placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels increased in both L-carnitine supplemented groups. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine were amplified by motivation training. For clinical evaluation of supplements, whose efficacy is potentially affected by inter-individual life style variability, supportive motivation training might be advisable for future clinical trials.展开更多
The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms i...The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences.The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19,including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes,adipose tissue,thyroid,heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males,the aged,and certain medical conditions,including diabetes,CVD,and pulmonary diseases.Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the“cytokine storm,”a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients;the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells;plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19,including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins,thyroid dysfunction,degraded fitness,and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors;while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability,by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression.Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness.A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals,73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9,demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass.It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI,lipids,lipoproteins,inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP,Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively,juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol,Testosterone,Free T3,IGF-1,Insulin,and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.展开更多
Primary care physicians are in a unique position to provide a holistic and individualized care to their patients with Down Syndrome. These patients share common medical problems with general population;however, they o...Primary care physicians are in a unique position to provide a holistic and individualized care to their patients with Down Syndrome. These patients share common medical problems with general population;however, they often are medically complex and present with cardiac, orthopedic, and endocrine challenges such as overweight-obesity and related comorbidities that occur with more frequency in this unique population. The prevention of overweight-obesity is an important public health issue for both the general population and for the population of individuals with Down Syndrome. If abnormal weight gain is treated early and effectively many secondary comorbidities can be prevented or ameliorated. This case report discusses the impact of implementing a Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate controlled Anti-inflammatory Nutrition plan (C-ICAN) as part of the treatment plan for a young woman with Down Syndrome (DS). The C-ICAN meal plan is a low glycemic load meal plan with 30% to 35% calories from fat, 20% to 25% calories from protein, 40% to 45% calories from carbohydrate, and goal of 25 gm fiber per day. The C-ICAN meal plan combines the Mediterranean diet because of its well-established anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits, with a high protein and low glycemic-load meal plan to improve satiety and glycemic control. In this case the patient and her caregivers adjusted to a structured meal pattern well, weight balance resulted, and mealtime stress was reduced.展开更多
Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”in...Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”initiative in 2024,representing a strategic shift toward upstream interventions in chronic disease control.This perspective examines the essential role of obesity control in cancer prevention across the complete prevention continuum—primordial(zero-level),primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.The initiative presents a unique opportunity to integrate weight management strategies into health promotion,early risk identification,screening programs,and postdiagnosis rehabilitation.It emphasizes incorporating obesity-related cancer prevention into routine healthcare through digital platforms,multidisciplinary collaboration,and population-wide education campaigns.However,significant challenges persist,including limited public awareness of obesity’s carcinogenic risks,insufficient integration between clinical and public health systems,and inadequate multi-sectoral cooperation.Moving forward,cancer prevention in China must transition from a reactive,screening-focused model to a proactive,life-course approach centered on behavioral and lifestyle interventions.Strengthening risk communication,institutionalizing weight management across all prevention levels,and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration are essential for building a sustainable,population-wide cancer prevention framework.展开更多
Obesity is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial pandemic defined as the excessive or abnormal accu・mulation of body fat due to genetic,biological,microbial,and environmental factors that promote a positive energy balanc...Obesity is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial pandemic defined as the excessive or abnormal accu・mulation of body fat due to genetic,biological,microbial,and environmental factors that promote a positive energy balance mainly associated with increased intake and reduced consumption.1-3 Obesity is the consequence of enormous multisystem disorders,in eluding cardiovascular disease,4 type 2 diabetes,5 tumors,&sleep apnea,7-10 etc.,significantly increases mortality rate,11-13 and accounts for substantial elevation in health expenditures.14 Compared with Western countries.展开更多
Background:Eating disorders(EDs)are serious illnesses associated with medical complications and have been increased,especially among societies with an excessive concern about weight,shape,or appearance.This study aime...Background:Eating disorders(EDs)are serious illnesses associated with medical complications and have been increased,especially among societies with an excessive concern about weight,shape,or appearance.This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs among the individuals attending weight management centers and its associated factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among individuals attending four weight management centers in Tanta,Gharbia Governorate,Egypt during the period from July to December 2016.Precoded interview questionnaires were used to identify the following data:sociodemographic characteristics and medical history of depression or psychological disorders and the Eating Attitude Test(EAT-40)was used to assess the attitudes,behavior,and traits associated with the EDs.Results:A total of 400 participants(I 12 males and 288 females)were included in the study.According to EAT-40 questionnaires,the prevalence of positive and negative EDs was 65.0%(n=260)and 35.0%(n=140),respectively.EDs were more likely reported by females,married singles,rural residents,those with higher education,and nonworking or part-time working patients,those who were overweight or obese,and who were suffering from depression or any psychological problems.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of EDs were age(adjusted odds ratio[OR]:1.06),nonworking(adjusted OR:2.32)or part-time working(adjusted OR:2,18),increased body weight(adjusted OR:2.66 for overweight and adjusted OR:1.24 for obese),and having a history of depression or any psychological problem(adjusted OR:2.76).Factor analysis of EAT-40 revealed four factors(eating behavior,diet-related lifestyle,weight concern,and food preoccupation)that were responsible for 33.2%of the total variance.Conclusions:EDs are prevalent among individuals attending the weight management centers in a northern city in Egypt.Specific management strategies are warranted to address this commonly prevalent disease.展开更多
Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental hea...Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.展开更多
The national weight management campaign,part of the broader Healthy China strategy,enhances public health literacy,fosters healthy living habits,and creates supportive environments for sustained weight control.
A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor ...A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to test the therapeutic effects of novel vaccines for reducing weight gain and increasing weight loss in diet induced obesity （DIO） model. Male C57BL/6 J mice, fed a 60% Kcal fat diet fo...The purpose of the study was to test the therapeutic effects of novel vaccines for reducing weight gain and increasing weight loss in diet induced obesity （DIO） model. Male C57BL/6 J mice, fed a 60% Kcal fat diet for 8 weeks prior to the start of the study, were vaccinated via the intraperitoneal route with two formulations （JH17 ＆ JH]8） of chimeric-somatostatin vaccines at 1 and 22 days of the study. Control mice were injected with PBS. All mice continued to be feed the 60% Kcal fat diet for the week and food intake was measured weekly. At week 6 6 week study. Body weights were measured two times a mice were euthanized and a terminal bleed was made and antibody levels to somatostatin and levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） were determined. Vaccination with both vaccine formulations induced a statistically significant body weight change over the study period, as compared with PBS controls. Percentage of baseline body weight was also significantly affected by vaccination during the study period. Vaccinates finished the study at 104% and 107% of baseline weight, JHI7 ＆ JH18 respectively, while untreated controls reached 115% of baseline weight. Food intake per mouse was similar in all mouse groups during the entire study. Control mice did not demonstrate any antibody titers to somatostatin, while all vaccinated mice had measurable antibody responses （〉 1：500,000 titer）. IGF-1 levels were not statistically significant among the groups, but were elevated in the JH18 vaccinates （mean 440.4 ng/mL） when compared with PBS controls （mean 365.6 ng/mL）. Vaccination with either JH17 or JH18 chimeric -somatostatin vaccines produced a statistically significant weight loss as compared with PBS controls （P 〈 0.0001）, even though the DIO mice with continually fed a 60% Kcal fat diet. The weight loss/lower weight gain observations were even more significant, as all mice consumed similar amounts of food for the entire study. The presence of high levels of anti-somatostatin antibodies at 6 weeks was correlative with the weight observations and confirmed the success of vaccination.展开更多
The surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is tightly linked to obesity,leading to ectopic fat accumulation in internal organs.Weight management has become a cornerstone of T2DM treatment,with evidence suggesting that...The surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is tightly linked to obesity,leading to ectopic fat accumulation in internal organs.Weight management has become a cornerstone of T2DM treatment,with evidence suggesting that significant weight loss can induce remission.Remission,defined as sustained hemoglobin(HbA1c)below 6.5% for at least 3 months without medication,can be achieved through various approaches,including lifestyle,medical,and surgical interventions.Metabolic bariatric surgery offers significant remission rates,particularly for patients with severe obesity.Intensive lifestyle modifications,including lowcalorie diets and exercise,have also demonstrated significant potential.Medications like incretin-based agents show robust results in improving beta-cell function,achieving glycemic control,and promoting weight loss.While complete remission without medication may not be attainable for everyone,especially those with severe insulin resistance or deficiency,early and aggressive glycemic control remains a crucial strategy.Maintaining HbA1c below 6.5%from the time of diagnosis reduces the risk of long-term complications and mortality.Moreover,considering a broader definition of remission,encompassing individuals with sustained control on medication,could offer a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to managing this chronic disease.展开更多
Objectives: This study was designed to validate, test and translate a newly developed assessment tool for health coaches to assess client’s satisfaction rates of the Circle of Life (CoL), as a guide for weight manage...Objectives: This study was designed to validate, test and translate a newly developed assessment tool for health coaches to assess client’s satisfaction rates of the Circle of Life (CoL), as a guide for weight management and also to monitor clients’ health and wellbeing improvements. This includes development of the assessment content, content validity, translating and pretesting the tool among potential clients. Method: 18 participants enrolled in a telenutrition weight loss program was and received a hypocaloric diet that was supported with monthly telemonitoring and health coaching sessions remotely for 6 months. Thus, we developed content of the assessment tool and created a rating scale of three levels of satisfaction (completely satisfied, slightly satisfied and not satisfied). The process of validation included content and language validity by experts in the field and language. Results: High scores according to the content validity rating were seen on both English and language versions of the CoL assessment tool by experts. Followed by a pre-testing process by participants, which showed reliability and consistency of the (CoL) variables using a multilevel analysis seeks across all individuals and all individuals had similar correlational pattern. Conclusions: The new (CoL) satisfaction scale have demonstrated a good capacity for identifying lifestyle factors associated with participants weight, which is a useful tool for integrative nutrition practice in weight management interventions. Future studies must be directed towards using the tool in assessing different populations and cultures to understand the main root of obesity in relation to behavior and day to day life factors.展开更多
Objective This study explored the therapeutic value of nutritional intervention in treating a patient with obesity complicated by primary hypertension.Methods A patient with obesity and primary hypertension received a...Objective This study explored the therapeutic value of nutritional intervention in treating a patient with obesity complicated by primary hypertension.Methods A patient with obesity and primary hypertension received an individualized nutritional intervention devised and continuously monitored by clinical nutritionists.The program included supplementation with probiotics,water-soluble vitamins,branched-chain amino acids,and whey protein powder.The nutritional plan was maintained for four weeks,with ongoing assessment of body weight and blood pressure.Antihypertensive medications were discontinued during follow-up.Results After four weeks of nutritional therapy,the patient lost 5.2 kg in weight,and blood pressure normalized and remained stable even after cessation of antihypertensive drugs.No adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion Nutritional therapy may provide a new,non-pharmacological option for managing obesity accompanied by primary hypertension.Its benefits may stem from improvements in metabolic function,insulin sensitivity,and inflammation,offering an alternative strategy to conventional pharmacotherapy.展开更多
Abstract Weight making behaviours and best practice recommendations for various combat sports have been well documented,how-ever this is not true for Silat athletes.Pre-and post-weigh-in recommendations for other comb...Abstract Weight making behaviours and best practice recommendations for various combat sports have been well documented,how-ever this is not true for Silat athletes.Pre-and post-weigh-in recommendations for other combat sports may not be suitable for Silat due to differences in weigh-in rules.Using a well-established questionnaire,this questionnaire-based cross sectional study examined weight making practices of Silat match athletes(n=102)competing at a national Pencak Silat championship.The 24.5%of athletes engaged in pre-competition weight loss,and the overall Rapid Weight Loss Score(RWLS)was 27.7±8.7,considerably lower than other combat sports.The median age when weight loss began was 17 years,with 32%(n=8)starting such practices under 17 years.Risky weight management practices such as the use of laxatives,diet pills and vomiting were less common than in other combat sports.Coaches and fellow athletes are key influencers of weight making practices,and dietitians were found be an underutilised resource.Appropriate measures to empower coaches and athletes with the knowledge and ability to guide and execute less detrimental weight making practice with the involvement of dietitians are suggested.The study findings provide information to establish Silat-specific dietary strategies to improve health and performance.展开更多
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.
文摘Background: Integrative nutrition has been defined as providing a combination of medical nutrition therapy including a personalized investigation on the root cause of chronic diseases due to poor lifestyle. It has been evident that integrative nutrition has a strong impact in weight management. Case Report: 5 case reports were investigated in the current study where we reported 5 cases of participants that have completed a 6-month duration of a telenutrition weight loss program, supported with weekly telemonitoring and monthly telehealth coaching following an integrative nutrition approach. All participants have significantly lost weight through a 6-month period. Additionally, each participant has worked on specific aspect in their lifestyle following the circle of life components to overcome struggles in following their diets and support weight management. All 5 participants had a significant negative correlation between weight and having fun, home cooking, spirituality, sports, and their jobs, which means that being satisfied with the mentioned (CoL) measures, lower values of the weight and increase steps. Thus, future research must carry similar interventions with long term durations and evaluate the most common aspect of life associated with obesity.
文摘Liver transplantation serves as a life-saving intervention for patients with endstage liver disease,yet long-term survival remains a challenge.Post-liver transplant obesity seems to have a significant contribution to this challenge and it emerges as a significant risk factor for graft steatosis,metabolic syndrome and denovo malignancy development.This review synthesizes current literature on prevalence,risk factors and management strategies for post-liver transplant obesity,emphasizing its impact on graft and patient survival.Literature review consultation was conducted in Medline/PubMed,SciELO and EMBASE,with the combination of the following keywords:Weight management,liver transplantation,immunosuppressive therapy,lifestyle interventions,bariatric surgery.Immunosuppressive therapy has a significant influence on long-term survival of liver transplant patients,yet it seems to have lesser effect on post-transplant obesity development than previously thought.However,it significantly contributes to the development of other components of metabolic syndrome.Key predisposing factors for post-transplant obesity development encompass elevated recipient and donor body mass index,a history of alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,male gender,the absence of cellular rejection and the marital status of the recipient.Tailored immunosuppressive regimens,pharmacotherapy,lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery represent key components in mitigating post-transplant obesity and improving long-term survival and quality of life in this group of patients.Timely identification and intervention thus hold paramount importance.Further research is warranted to refine optimal management strategies and enhance outcomes in this patient population.
基金supported by grants from the National Major Special Project for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases:AIDS and viral hepatitis(2013ZX10005002,2018ZX10725506)the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFC0908903)。
文摘Background:Although concomitant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is common in chronic hepatitis B(CHB),the impact of viral factors on NASH and the outcome of CHB patients concomitant with NASH remain unclear.We aimed to investigate the outcomes of NASH in CHB patients receiving antiviral treatment.Methods:In the post-hoc analysis of a multicenter trial,na?ve CHB patients receiving 72-week entecavir treatment were enrolled.We evaluated the biochemical,viral and histopathological responses of these patients.The histopathological features of NASH were also evaluated,using paired liver biopsies at baseline and week 72.Results:A total of 1000 CHB patients were finally enrolled for analysis,with 18.2%of whom fulfilling the criteria of NASH.A total of 727 patients completed entecavir antiviral treatment and received the second biopsy.Serum HBe Ag loss,HBe Ag seroconversion and HBV-DNA undetectable rates were similar between patients with or without NASH(P>0.05).Among patients with NASH,the hepatic steatosis,ballooning,lobular inflammation scores and fibrosis stages all improved during follow-up(all P<0.001),46%(63/136)achieved NASH resolution.Patients with baseline body mass index(BMI)≥23 kg/m2(Asian criteria)[odds ratio(OR):0.414;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.190-0.899;P=0.012]and weight gain(OR:0.187;95%CI:0.050-0.693;P=0.026)were less likely to have NASH resolution.Among patients without NASH at baseline,22(3.7%)developed NASH.Baseline BMI≥23 kg/m2(OR:12.506;95%CI:2.813-55.606;P=0.001)and weight gain(OR:5.126;95%CI:1.674-15.694;P=0.005)were predictors of incident NASH.Conclusions:Lower BMI and weight reduction but not virologic factors determine NASH resolution in CHB.The value of weight management in CHB patients during antiviral treatment deserves further evaluation.
文摘A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. L-carnitine motivated group showed significant body weight loss and a decrement of serum triglyceride level vs. the non-motivated placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels increased in both L-carnitine supplemented groups. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine were amplified by motivation training. For clinical evaluation of supplements, whose efficacy is potentially affected by inter-individual life style variability, supportive motivation training might be advisable for future clinical trials.
文摘The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences.The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19,including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes,adipose tissue,thyroid,heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males,the aged,and certain medical conditions,including diabetes,CVD,and pulmonary diseases.Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the“cytokine storm,”a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients;the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells;plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19,including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins,thyroid dysfunction,degraded fitness,and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors;while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability,by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression.Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness.A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals,73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9,demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass.It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI,lipids,lipoproteins,inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP,Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively,juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol,Testosterone,Free T3,IGF-1,Insulin,and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.
文摘Primary care physicians are in a unique position to provide a holistic and individualized care to their patients with Down Syndrome. These patients share common medical problems with general population;however, they often are medically complex and present with cardiac, orthopedic, and endocrine challenges such as overweight-obesity and related comorbidities that occur with more frequency in this unique population. The prevention of overweight-obesity is an important public health issue for both the general population and for the population of individuals with Down Syndrome. If abnormal weight gain is treated early and effectively many secondary comorbidities can be prevented or ameliorated. This case report discusses the impact of implementing a Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate controlled Anti-inflammatory Nutrition plan (C-ICAN) as part of the treatment plan for a young woman with Down Syndrome (DS). The C-ICAN meal plan is a low glycemic load meal plan with 30% to 35% calories from fat, 20% to 25% calories from protein, 40% to 45% calories from carbohydrate, and goal of 25 gm fiber per day. The C-ICAN meal plan combines the Mediterranean diet because of its well-established anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits, with a high protein and low glycemic-load meal plan to improve satiety and glycemic control. In this case the patient and her caregivers adjusted to a structured meal pattern well, weight balance resulted, and mealtime stress was reduced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grants No.82388102 and 82373654].
文摘Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”initiative in 2024,representing a strategic shift toward upstream interventions in chronic disease control.This perspective examines the essential role of obesity control in cancer prevention across the complete prevention continuum—primordial(zero-level),primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.The initiative presents a unique opportunity to integrate weight management strategies into health promotion,early risk identification,screening programs,and postdiagnosis rehabilitation.It emphasizes incorporating obesity-related cancer prevention into routine healthcare through digital platforms,multidisciplinary collaboration,and population-wide education campaigns.However,significant challenges persist,including limited public awareness of obesity’s carcinogenic risks,insufficient integration between clinical and public health systems,and inadequate multi-sectoral cooperation.Moving forward,cancer prevention in China must transition from a reactive,screening-focused model to a proactive,life-course approach centered on behavioral and lifestyle interventions.Strengthening risk communication,institutionalizing weight management across all prevention levels,and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration are essential for building a sustainable,population-wide cancer prevention framework.
文摘Obesity is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial pandemic defined as the excessive or abnormal accu・mulation of body fat due to genetic,biological,microbial,and environmental factors that promote a positive energy balance mainly associated with increased intake and reduced consumption.1-3 Obesity is the consequence of enormous multisystem disorders,in eluding cardiovascular disease,4 type 2 diabetes,5 tumors,&sleep apnea,7-10 etc.,significantly increases mortality rate,11-13 and accounts for substantial elevation in health expenditures.14 Compared with Western countries.
文摘Background:Eating disorders(EDs)are serious illnesses associated with medical complications and have been increased,especially among societies with an excessive concern about weight,shape,or appearance.This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs among the individuals attending weight management centers and its associated factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among individuals attending four weight management centers in Tanta,Gharbia Governorate,Egypt during the period from July to December 2016.Precoded interview questionnaires were used to identify the following data:sociodemographic characteristics and medical history of depression or psychological disorders and the Eating Attitude Test(EAT-40)was used to assess the attitudes,behavior,and traits associated with the EDs.Results:A total of 400 participants(I 12 males and 288 females)were included in the study.According to EAT-40 questionnaires,the prevalence of positive and negative EDs was 65.0%(n=260)and 35.0%(n=140),respectively.EDs were more likely reported by females,married singles,rural residents,those with higher education,and nonworking or part-time working patients,those who were overweight or obese,and who were suffering from depression or any psychological problems.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of EDs were age(adjusted odds ratio[OR]:1.06),nonworking(adjusted OR:2.32)or part-time working(adjusted OR:2,18),increased body weight(adjusted OR:2.66 for overweight and adjusted OR:1.24 for obese),and having a history of depression or any psychological problem(adjusted OR:2.76).Factor analysis of EAT-40 revealed four factors(eating behavior,diet-related lifestyle,weight concern,and food preoccupation)that were responsible for 33.2%of the total variance.Conclusions:EDs are prevalent among individuals attending the weight management centers in a northern city in Egypt.Specific management strategies are warranted to address this commonly prevalent disease.
文摘Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.
文摘The national weight management campaign,part of the broader Healthy China strategy,enhances public health literacy,fosters healthy living habits,and creates supportive environments for sustained weight control.
文摘A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.
文摘The purpose of the study was to test the therapeutic effects of novel vaccines for reducing weight gain and increasing weight loss in diet induced obesity （DIO） model. Male C57BL/6 J mice, fed a 60% Kcal fat diet for 8 weeks prior to the start of the study, were vaccinated via the intraperitoneal route with two formulations （JH17 ＆ JH]8） of chimeric-somatostatin vaccines at 1 and 22 days of the study. Control mice were injected with PBS. All mice continued to be feed the 60% Kcal fat diet for the week and food intake was measured weekly. At week 6 6 week study. Body weights were measured two times a mice were euthanized and a terminal bleed was made and antibody levels to somatostatin and levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） were determined. Vaccination with both vaccine formulations induced a statistically significant body weight change over the study period, as compared with PBS controls. Percentage of baseline body weight was also significantly affected by vaccination during the study period. Vaccinates finished the study at 104% and 107% of baseline weight, JHI7 ＆ JH18 respectively, while untreated controls reached 115% of baseline weight. Food intake per mouse was similar in all mouse groups during the entire study. Control mice did not demonstrate any antibody titers to somatostatin, while all vaccinated mice had measurable antibody responses （〉 1：500,000 titer）. IGF-1 levels were not statistically significant among the groups, but were elevated in the JH18 vaccinates （mean 440.4 ng/mL） when compared with PBS controls （mean 365.6 ng/mL）. Vaccination with either JH17 or JH18 chimeric -somatostatin vaccines produced a statistically significant weight loss as compared with PBS controls （P 〈 0.0001）, even though the DIO mice with continually fed a 60% Kcal fat diet. The weight loss/lower weight gain observations were even more significant, as all mice consumed similar amounts of food for the entire study. The presence of high levels of anti-somatostatin antibodies at 6 weeks was correlative with the weight observations and confirmed the success of vaccination.
文摘The surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is tightly linked to obesity,leading to ectopic fat accumulation in internal organs.Weight management has become a cornerstone of T2DM treatment,with evidence suggesting that significant weight loss can induce remission.Remission,defined as sustained hemoglobin(HbA1c)below 6.5% for at least 3 months without medication,can be achieved through various approaches,including lifestyle,medical,and surgical interventions.Metabolic bariatric surgery offers significant remission rates,particularly for patients with severe obesity.Intensive lifestyle modifications,including lowcalorie diets and exercise,have also demonstrated significant potential.Medications like incretin-based agents show robust results in improving beta-cell function,achieving glycemic control,and promoting weight loss.While complete remission without medication may not be attainable for everyone,especially those with severe insulin resistance or deficiency,early and aggressive glycemic control remains a crucial strategy.Maintaining HbA1c below 6.5%from the time of diagnosis reduces the risk of long-term complications and mortality.Moreover,considering a broader definition of remission,encompassing individuals with sustained control on medication,could offer a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to managing this chronic disease.
文摘Objectives: This study was designed to validate, test and translate a newly developed assessment tool for health coaches to assess client’s satisfaction rates of the Circle of Life (CoL), as a guide for weight management and also to monitor clients’ health and wellbeing improvements. This includes development of the assessment content, content validity, translating and pretesting the tool among potential clients. Method: 18 participants enrolled in a telenutrition weight loss program was and received a hypocaloric diet that was supported with monthly telemonitoring and health coaching sessions remotely for 6 months. Thus, we developed content of the assessment tool and created a rating scale of three levels of satisfaction (completely satisfied, slightly satisfied and not satisfied). The process of validation included content and language validity by experts in the field and language. Results: High scores according to the content validity rating were seen on both English and language versions of the CoL assessment tool by experts. Followed by a pre-testing process by participants, which showed reliability and consistency of the (CoL) variables using a multilevel analysis seeks across all individuals and all individuals had similar correlational pattern. Conclusions: The new (CoL) satisfaction scale have demonstrated a good capacity for identifying lifestyle factors associated with participants weight, which is a useful tool for integrative nutrition practice in weight management interventions. Future studies must be directed towards using the tool in assessing different populations and cultures to understand the main root of obesity in relation to behavior and day to day life factors.
文摘Objective This study explored the therapeutic value of nutritional intervention in treating a patient with obesity complicated by primary hypertension.Methods A patient with obesity and primary hypertension received an individualized nutritional intervention devised and continuously monitored by clinical nutritionists.The program included supplementation with probiotics,water-soluble vitamins,branched-chain amino acids,and whey protein powder.The nutritional plan was maintained for four weeks,with ongoing assessment of body weight and blood pressure.Antihypertensive medications were discontinued during follow-up.Results After four weeks of nutritional therapy,the patient lost 5.2 kg in weight,and blood pressure normalized and remained stable even after cessation of antihypertensive drugs.No adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion Nutritional therapy may provide a new,non-pharmacological option for managing obesity accompanied by primary hypertension.Its benefits may stem from improvements in metabolic function,insulin sensitivity,and inflammation,offering an alternative strategy to conventional pharmacotherapy.
文摘Abstract Weight making behaviours and best practice recommendations for various combat sports have been well documented,how-ever this is not true for Silat athletes.Pre-and post-weigh-in recommendations for other combat sports may not be suitable for Silat due to differences in weigh-in rules.Using a well-established questionnaire,this questionnaire-based cross sectional study examined weight making practices of Silat match athletes(n=102)competing at a national Pencak Silat championship.The 24.5%of athletes engaged in pre-competition weight loss,and the overall Rapid Weight Loss Score(RWLS)was 27.7±8.7,considerably lower than other combat sports.The median age when weight loss began was 17 years,with 32%(n=8)starting such practices under 17 years.Risky weight management practices such as the use of laxatives,diet pills and vomiting were less common than in other combat sports.Coaches and fellow athletes are key influencers of weight making practices,and dietitians were found be an underutilised resource.Appropriate measures to empower coaches and athletes with the knowledge and ability to guide and execute less detrimental weight making practice with the involvement of dietitians are suggested.The study findings provide information to establish Silat-specific dietary strategies to improve health and performance.
