Tolpyralate is a new HPPD-inhibiting herbicide that is efficacious on annual grass and broadleaf weed species in corn. For maximum herbicide performance of tolpyralate, it is recommended that atrazine is tank mixed wi...Tolpyralate is a new HPPD-inhibiting herbicide that is efficacious on annual grass and broadleaf weed species in corn. For maximum herbicide performance of tolpyralate, it is recommended that atrazine is tank mixed with tolpyralate along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil concentrate (MSO) plus urea ammonia nitrate (UAN). A common use pattern of tolpyralate plus atrazine will be in a tank mix with Roundup WeatherMAX®due to the high proportion of corn acres that are seeded to Roundup Ready®hybrids in Eastern Canada. There is no information in the peer-reviewed literature if the adjuvant system in Roundup WeatherMAX®is adequate for optimal herbicide performance of tolpyralate plus atrazine, or if MSO and UAN are still required. Six field trials were conducted over two years near Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, Canada to determine if adjuvants are still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine is tank mixed with Roundup WeatherMAX®in corn. Tolpyralate plus atrazine plus MSO and Roundup WeatherMAX®plus tolpyralate plus atrazine provided excellent control of velvetleaf, pigweed spp, common ragweed, lambsquarters, ladysthumb, wild mustard, flower-of-an-hour, barnyardgrass and green foxtail in this study. Results of this study show that in the absence of Roundup WeatherMAX®, weed control with tolpyralate plus atrazine was improved substantially with the addition of MSO;however, there was little to no increase in weed control with the addition of UAN. When tolpyralate plus atrazine was co-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, there was no improvement in weed control with the addition of MSO and/or UAN.展开更多
The effects of Roundup </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup>&...The effects of Roundup </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> formulations of glyphosate were investigated on the cotyledons of glyphosate resistant (GR) and glyphosate sensitive (GS) isogenic cotton cultivars. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a mixture of glyphosate and 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS). Fully expanded cotton cotyledons treated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or AMADS developed surface lesions within 2 hours after treatment whereas surfactant-treated control or </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated tissues did not develop lesions. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and AMADS damage appeared as depressions which were confirmed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by scanning electron microscopy. Light micrographs of cross sections</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through the depressions revealed collapsed and compressed epidermal and mesophyll cells with congealed cytoplasmic contents in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells. Changes to photosynthetic electron transport were evident at 4 hours after treatment (HAT) in all treatments as revealed by chlorophyll A fluorescence. In GR cotton, the fluorescence perturbations decreased with time such that at 72 HAT </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated cotyledons could not be distinguished from the surfactant-or </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated plants. The GS cotton continued to show progressive decreases in the fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and performance index (PI) to 72 HAT. Shikimate levels increased following glyphosate treatment in glyphosate sensitive cotton and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> caused a two-to three-fold greater increase in shikimate compared to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. These results indicate that the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-based glyphosate formulation involved structural tissue damage which likely increased glyphosate uptake and subsequently increased inhibition of photosynthesis and the shikimate pathway.展开更多
文摘Tolpyralate is a new HPPD-inhibiting herbicide that is efficacious on annual grass and broadleaf weed species in corn. For maximum herbicide performance of tolpyralate, it is recommended that atrazine is tank mixed with tolpyralate along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil concentrate (MSO) plus urea ammonia nitrate (UAN). A common use pattern of tolpyralate plus atrazine will be in a tank mix with Roundup WeatherMAX®due to the high proportion of corn acres that are seeded to Roundup Ready®hybrids in Eastern Canada. There is no information in the peer-reviewed literature if the adjuvant system in Roundup WeatherMAX®is adequate for optimal herbicide performance of tolpyralate plus atrazine, or if MSO and UAN are still required. Six field trials were conducted over two years near Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, Canada to determine if adjuvants are still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine is tank mixed with Roundup WeatherMAX®in corn. Tolpyralate plus atrazine plus MSO and Roundup WeatherMAX®plus tolpyralate plus atrazine provided excellent control of velvetleaf, pigweed spp, common ragweed, lambsquarters, ladysthumb, wild mustard, flower-of-an-hour, barnyardgrass and green foxtail in this study. Results of this study show that in the absence of Roundup WeatherMAX®, weed control with tolpyralate plus atrazine was improved substantially with the addition of MSO;however, there was little to no increase in weed control with the addition of UAN. When tolpyralate plus atrazine was co-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, there was no improvement in weed control with the addition of MSO and/or UAN.
文摘The effects of Roundup </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> formulations of glyphosate were investigated on the cotyledons of glyphosate resistant (GR) and glyphosate sensitive (GS) isogenic cotton cultivars. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a mixture of glyphosate and 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS). Fully expanded cotton cotyledons treated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or AMADS developed surface lesions within 2 hours after treatment whereas surfactant-treated control or </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated tissues did not develop lesions. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and AMADS damage appeared as depressions which were confirmed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by scanning electron microscopy. Light micrographs of cross sections</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through the depressions revealed collapsed and compressed epidermal and mesophyll cells with congealed cytoplasmic contents in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells. Changes to photosynthetic electron transport were evident at 4 hours after treatment (HAT) in all treatments as revealed by chlorophyll A fluorescence. In GR cotton, the fluorescence perturbations decreased with time such that at 72 HAT </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated cotyledons could not be distinguished from the surfactant-or </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-treated plants. The GS cotton continued to show progressive decreases in the fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and performance index (PI) to 72 HAT. Shikimate levels increased following glyphosate treatment in glyphosate sensitive cotton and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> caused a two-to three-fold greater increase in shikimate compared to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">WeatherMax</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. These results indicate that the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Engame<sup>TM</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-based glyphosate formulation involved structural tissue damage which likely increased glyphosate uptake and subsequently increased inhibition of photosynthesis and the shikimate pathway.
