Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of ...Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.展开更多
Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome gene...Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely.During the health monitoring process,different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.展开更多
Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat se...Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat sensing platforms.However,concentration measurements of biomarkers are always delayed on the timeline compared with their production,whereas there is no such delay for sweating rate.Thus,a timeline mismatch exists between these two measurements.This means that the concentration vs rate correlation constructed on the basis of such measurements will deviate from the actual correlation.This study demonstrates the existence of this mismatch and explains its cause using sweat Na^(+)measurements.It also proposes an effective approach that applies a point-by-point compensation for the delay between Na+measurements and the real-time sweating rates,such that the data on the repositioned concentration vs time curve correspond to exactly the same point on the timeline as their production.A vison sensor is developed to measure the sweating rate with high accuracy at a frequency of more than 0.1 Hz.Off-body and on-body measurements of sweating rate and Na^(+)concentration are carried out,and concentration–rate correlations are constructed using both measured and repositioned concentration curves.The least squares and random forest methods are employed to fit the constructed correlations and evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach.The use of the repositioned concentration curve gives a constructed correlation that is much closer to the actual one.This study indicates the necessity to rearrange sensor-measured biomarker concentration vs time curves when correlations of concentration with sweating rate need to be constructed and proposes a practical point-by-point data repositioning strategy for doing so.The results presented here will benefit the study of sweat biomarkers with unclear correlations with sweating rate,as well as providing a basis for the development of more reliable sweat-based diagnostic methods.展开更多
The alarming prevalence and mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases have emphasized the urgency for innovative detection solutions.Traditional methods,often costly,bulky,and prone to subjectivity,fall ...The alarming prevalence and mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases have emphasized the urgency for innovative detection solutions.Traditional methods,often costly,bulky,and prone to subjectivity,fall short of meeting the need for daily monitoring.Digital and portable wearable monitoring devices have emerged as a promising research frontier.This study introduces a wearable system that integrates electrocardiogram(ECG)and phonocardiogram(PCG)detection.By ingeniously pairing a contact-type PZT heart sound sensing structure with ECG electrodes,the system achieves the acquisition of high-quality ECG and PCG signals.Notably,the signal-to-noise ratios(SNR)for ECG and PCG signals were measured at 44.13 dB and 30.04 dB,respectively,demonstrating the system’s remarkable stability across varying conditions.These collected signals were subsequently utilized to derive crucial feature values,including electromechanical delay(EMD),left ventricular ejection time(LVET),and pre-ejection period(PEP).Furthermore,we collected a dataset comprising 40 cases of ECG and PCG signals,enabling a comparative analysis of these three feature parameters between healthy individuals and coronary heart disease patients.This research endeavor presents a significant step forward in the realm of early,non-invasive,and intelligent monitoring of cardiovascular diseases,offering hope for earlier detection and more effective management of these life-threatening conditions.展开更多
Aqueous Ni-Zn microbatteries are safe,reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power densities.Herein,we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes t...Aqueous Ni-Zn microbatteries are safe,reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power densities.Herein,we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes the redox reaction featuring three-electron transfers(Ni↔Ni3+).The superoxide activates the direct redox reaction between Ni substrate and KNiO_(2)by lowering the reaction Gibbs free energy,supported by in-situ Raman and density functional theory simulations.The prepared chronopotentiostatic superoxidation-activated Ni(CPS-Ni)electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh capacity of 3.21 mAh cm^(-2)at the current density of 5 mA cm^(-2),nearly 8 times that of traditional one-electron processes electrodes.Even under the ultrahigh 200 mA cm^(-2)current density,the CPS-Ni electrodes show 86.4%capacity retention with a Columbic efficiency of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles.The CPS-Ni||Zn microbattery achieves an exceptional energy density of 6.88 mWh cm^(-2)and power density of 339.56 mW cm^(-2).Device demonstration shows that the power source can continuously operate for more than 7 days in powering the sensing and computation intensive practical application of photoplethysmographic waveform monitoring.This work paves the way to the development of multi-electron transfer mechanisms for advanced aqueous Ni-Zn batteries with high capacity and long lifetime.展开更多
Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid development of Internet of Thin...Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),higher standards for comfort,multifunctionality,and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed,and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices.Herein,we present a multifunctional,wearable,and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s^(-1)air permeability and a stretchability of 120%.The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application(APP).Furthermore,an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling,enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP.Additionally,we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP.This novel thermoelectric fabricbased wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.展开更多
Wearable health monitoring is a crucial technical tool that offers early warning for chronic diseases due to its superior portability and low power consumption.However,most wearable health data is distributed across d...Wearable health monitoring is a crucial technical tool that offers early warning for chronic diseases due to its superior portability and low power consumption.However,most wearable health data is distributed across dfferent organizations,such as hospitals,research institutes,and companies,and can only be accessed by the owners of the data in compliance with data privacy regulations.The first challenge addressed in this paper is communicating in a privacy-preserving manner among different organizations.The second technical challenge is handling the dynamic expansion of the federation without model retraining.To address the first challenge,we propose a horizontal federated learning method called Federated Extremely Random Forest(FedERF).Its contribution-based splitting score computing mechanism significantly mitigates the impact of privacy protection constraints on model performance.Based on FedERF,we present a federated incremental learning method called Federated Incremental Extremely Random Forest(FedIERF)to address the second technical challenge.FedIERF introduces a hardness-driven weighting mechanism and an importance-based updating scheme to update the existing federated model incrementally.The experiments show that FedERF achieves comparable performance with non-federated methods,and FedIERF effectively addresses the dynamic expansion of the federation.This opens up opportunities for cooperation between different organizations in wearable health monitoring.展开更多
Wearable cardiac monitoring devices can provide uninterrupted monitoring of cardiac activities over a long period of time.They have developed rapidly in recent years in terms of convenience,comfort,and intelligence.Ai...Wearable cardiac monitoring devices can provide uninterrupted monitoring of cardiac activities over a long period of time.They have developed rapidly in recent years in terms of convenience,comfort,and intelligence.Aided by the development of sensor and materials technology,big data and artificial intelligence,wearable cardiac monitoring can become a crucial basis for novel medical models in the future.Herein,the basic concepts and representative devices of wearable cardiac monitoring are first introduced.Subsequently,its core technologies and the latest representative research progress in physiology signal sensing,signal quality enhancement,and signal reliability are systematically reviewed.Finally,an insight and outlook on the future development trends and challenges of wearable cardiac monitoring are discussed.展开更多
This study focuses on the accuracy of arrhythmia detection by intelligent wearable electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring devices in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients during daily activities.It elaborates on the tec...This study focuses on the accuracy of arrhythmia detection by intelligent wearable electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring devices in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients during daily activities.It elaborates on the technical principles,features,and working modes of such devices and makes a comparison with traditional ECG monitoring methods.Through a well-designed experimental approach involving data collection and analysis using specific evaluation metrics and standards,the accuracy of arrhythmia detection is evaluated.The relationship between arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia is explored,along with its impact on diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment strategy development.The application of these devices in daily activities,including feasibility,compliance,and analysis during different activity states and long-term trends,is also examined.Despite the potential benefits,technical limitations and barriers to clinical acceptance are identified,and future research directions are proposed.The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role and value of intelligent wearable ECG monitoring devices in the management of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients.展开更多
With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensor...With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensors and actuator systems.In this context,a single microdevice with hybrid functionality as both a sensor and actuator demonstrates excellent performance across diverse applications,holds significant promise.Herein,we present a proof-of-concept for a high-performance bi-directional Lorentz force magnetometer and actuator,implemented within a single microelectromechanical system(MEMS)device.Moreover,the device demonstrates insensitivity to magnetic fields,making it highly suitable for applications that require anti-crossing behavior in magnetic environments.The design is based on a clamped-guided curved microresonator connected to straight and V-shaped beams of micro-actuators.The operation of the proposed device relies on the flexibility to control the applied electrothermal excitation in different ways,offering smart thermal actuation and dynamic sensing mechanisms.Furthermore,the proposed technique allows tuning of the first symmetric mode,achieving either a high or low frequency shift based on input power levels.Hence,this study provides valuable insights for improving tunability in sensitivity and power for various actuation mechanisms.At atmospheric pressure and an input power of 19.5 mW,the device functions as a high-performance biaxial magnetic sensor with a sensitivity(S)of~36.58%T^(-1),an excellent linearity in the medium-to-high magnetic field range of±400 mT,and a minimum detectable field,Bmin of 0.83μT Hz^(-1).In contrast,it can be tuned as a magnetic-field-insensitive actuator(S=3.28%T^(-1))with a transversal displacement of~4μm,utilizing a negligible power of 43 mW.The diverse operation highlights its hybrid functionality as an actuator or high-performance sensor.These features,combined with the simplicity of fabrication and low cost,make the proposed microdevice highly promising for developing a three-axis magnetic sensor and actuator network system,as well as for various industrial applications.展开更多
文摘Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61801525)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2020A1515010693, 2021A1515110269)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yatsen University (No. 22lgqb17)the Independent Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University) under grant No. OEMT-2022-ZRC-05。
文摘Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely.During the health monitoring process,different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61901295)the Nanchang Microsystem Institute of Tianjin University.
文摘Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat sensing platforms.However,concentration measurements of biomarkers are always delayed on the timeline compared with their production,whereas there is no such delay for sweating rate.Thus,a timeline mismatch exists between these two measurements.This means that the concentration vs rate correlation constructed on the basis of such measurements will deviate from the actual correlation.This study demonstrates the existence of this mismatch and explains its cause using sweat Na^(+)measurements.It also proposes an effective approach that applies a point-by-point compensation for the delay between Na+measurements and the real-time sweating rates,such that the data on the repositioned concentration vs time curve correspond to exactly the same point on the timeline as their production.A vison sensor is developed to measure the sweating rate with high accuracy at a frequency of more than 0.1 Hz.Off-body and on-body measurements of sweating rate and Na^(+)concentration are carried out,and concentration–rate correlations are constructed using both measured and repositioned concentration curves.The least squares and random forest methods are employed to fit the constructed correlations and evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach.The use of the repositioned concentration curve gives a constructed correlation that is much closer to the actual one.This study indicates the necessity to rearrange sensor-measured biomarker concentration vs time curves when correlations of concentration with sweating rate need to be constructed and proposes a practical point-by-point data repositioning strategy for doing so.The results presented here will benefit the study of sweat biomarkers with unclear correlations with sweating rate,as well as providing a basis for the development of more reliable sweat-based diagnostic methods.
基金support provided by the Shanxi Province Outstanding Young Academic Leader Program of Colleges and Universities(2024Q043)Basic Research General Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221186)+2 种基金Shanxi College of Technology Scientific Research Startup Fund Project(009018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001430)19th Graduate Science and Technology Project of North University of China(20231938).
文摘The alarming prevalence and mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases have emphasized the urgency for innovative detection solutions.Traditional methods,often costly,bulky,and prone to subjectivity,fall short of meeting the need for daily monitoring.Digital and portable wearable monitoring devices have emerged as a promising research frontier.This study introduces a wearable system that integrates electrocardiogram(ECG)and phonocardiogram(PCG)detection.By ingeniously pairing a contact-type PZT heart sound sensing structure with ECG electrodes,the system achieves the acquisition of high-quality ECG and PCG signals.Notably,the signal-to-noise ratios(SNR)for ECG and PCG signals were measured at 44.13 dB and 30.04 dB,respectively,demonstrating the system’s remarkable stability across varying conditions.These collected signals were subsequently utilized to derive crucial feature values,including electromechanical delay(EMD),left ventricular ejection time(LVET),and pre-ejection period(PEP).Furthermore,we collected a dataset comprising 40 cases of ECG and PCG signals,enabling a comparative analysis of these three feature parameters between healthy individuals and coronary heart disease patients.This research endeavor presents a significant step forward in the realm of early,non-invasive,and intelligent monitoring of cardiovascular diseases,offering hope for earlier detection and more effective management of these life-threatening conditions.
基金supported by InnoHK Project at Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)City University of Hong Kong (7006108)。
文摘Aqueous Ni-Zn microbatteries are safe,reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power densities.Herein,we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes the redox reaction featuring three-electron transfers(Ni↔Ni3+).The superoxide activates the direct redox reaction between Ni substrate and KNiO_(2)by lowering the reaction Gibbs free energy,supported by in-situ Raman and density functional theory simulations.The prepared chronopotentiostatic superoxidation-activated Ni(CPS-Ni)electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh capacity of 3.21 mAh cm^(-2)at the current density of 5 mA cm^(-2),nearly 8 times that of traditional one-electron processes electrodes.Even under the ultrahigh 200 mA cm^(-2)current density,the CPS-Ni electrodes show 86.4%capacity retention with a Columbic efficiency of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles.The CPS-Ni||Zn microbattery achieves an exceptional energy density of 6.88 mWh cm^(-2)and power density of 339.56 mW cm^(-2).Device demonstration shows that the power source can continuously operate for more than 7 days in powering the sensing and computation intensive practical application of photoplethysmographic waveform monitoring.This work paves the way to the development of multi-electron transfer mechanisms for advanced aqueous Ni-Zn batteries with high capacity and long lifetime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973027 and 52003044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-08)+4 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21130750100)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province(2021CXGC011004)supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.Xiaohong Qinthe State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2216)and Donghua University(DHU)Distinguished Young Professor Program to Prof.Liming Wangthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(CUSF-DH-D-2022040)to Xinyang He.
文摘Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),higher standards for comfort,multifunctionality,and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed,and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices.Herein,we present a multifunctional,wearable,and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s^(-1)air permeability and a stretchability of 120%.The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application(APP).Furthermore,an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling,enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP.Additionally,we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP.This novel thermoelectric fabricbased wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62002187,62002189,61972383,61972237 and 61976127the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department of China under Grant No.QN2023184。
文摘Wearable health monitoring is a crucial technical tool that offers early warning for chronic diseases due to its superior portability and low power consumption.However,most wearable health data is distributed across dfferent organizations,such as hospitals,research institutes,and companies,and can only be accessed by the owners of the data in compliance with data privacy regulations.The first challenge addressed in this paper is communicating in a privacy-preserving manner among different organizations.The second technical challenge is handling the dynamic expansion of the federation without model retraining.To address the first challenge,we propose a horizontal federated learning method called Federated Extremely Random Forest(FedERF).Its contribution-based splitting score computing mechanism significantly mitigates the impact of privacy protection constraints on model performance.Based on FedERF,we present a federated incremental learning method called Federated Incremental Extremely Random Forest(FedIERF)to address the second technical challenge.FedIERF introduces a hardness-driven weighting mechanism and an importance-based updating scheme to update the existing federated model incrementally.The experiments show that FedERF achieves comparable performance with non-federated methods,and FedIERF effectively addresses the dynamic expansion of the federation.This opens up opportunities for cooperation between different organizations in wearable health monitoring.
基金Supported by the 2021 Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2021GXLH-Z-091).
文摘Wearable cardiac monitoring devices can provide uninterrupted monitoring of cardiac activities over a long period of time.They have developed rapidly in recent years in terms of convenience,comfort,and intelligence.Aided by the development of sensor and materials technology,big data and artificial intelligence,wearable cardiac monitoring can become a crucial basis for novel medical models in the future.Herein,the basic concepts and representative devices of wearable cardiac monitoring are first introduced.Subsequently,its core technologies and the latest representative research progress in physiology signal sensing,signal quality enhancement,and signal reliability are systematically reviewed.Finally,an insight and outlook on the future development trends and challenges of wearable cardiac monitoring are discussed.
文摘This study focuses on the accuracy of arrhythmia detection by intelligent wearable electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring devices in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients during daily activities.It elaborates on the technical principles,features,and working modes of such devices and makes a comparison with traditional ECG monitoring methods.Through a well-designed experimental approach involving data collection and analysis using specific evaluation metrics and standards,the accuracy of arrhythmia detection is evaluated.The relationship between arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia is explored,along with its impact on diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment strategy development.The application of these devices in daily activities,including feasibility,compliance,and analysis during different activity states and long-term trends,is also examined.Despite the potential benefits,technical limitations and barriers to clinical acceptance are identified,and future research directions are proposed.The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role and value of intelligent wearable ECG monitoring devices in the management of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients.
基金supported by Khalifa University of Science and Technology(KU)under Award No.FSU-2023-028King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST).
文摘With the rapid development of intelligent and autonomous systems,such as wearable health monitoring and advanced manufacturing robots,there is a growing demand for the development of advanced,miniaturized smart sensors and actuator systems.In this context,a single microdevice with hybrid functionality as both a sensor and actuator demonstrates excellent performance across diverse applications,holds significant promise.Herein,we present a proof-of-concept for a high-performance bi-directional Lorentz force magnetometer and actuator,implemented within a single microelectromechanical system(MEMS)device.Moreover,the device demonstrates insensitivity to magnetic fields,making it highly suitable for applications that require anti-crossing behavior in magnetic environments.The design is based on a clamped-guided curved microresonator connected to straight and V-shaped beams of micro-actuators.The operation of the proposed device relies on the flexibility to control the applied electrothermal excitation in different ways,offering smart thermal actuation and dynamic sensing mechanisms.Furthermore,the proposed technique allows tuning of the first symmetric mode,achieving either a high or low frequency shift based on input power levels.Hence,this study provides valuable insights for improving tunability in sensitivity and power for various actuation mechanisms.At atmospheric pressure and an input power of 19.5 mW,the device functions as a high-performance biaxial magnetic sensor with a sensitivity(S)of~36.58%T^(-1),an excellent linearity in the medium-to-high magnetic field range of±400 mT,and a minimum detectable field,Bmin of 0.83μT Hz^(-1).In contrast,it can be tuned as a magnetic-field-insensitive actuator(S=3.28%T^(-1))with a transversal displacement of~4μm,utilizing a negligible power of 43 mW.The diverse operation highlights its hybrid functionality as an actuator or high-performance sensor.These features,combined with the simplicity of fabrication and low cost,make the proposed microdevice highly promising for developing a three-axis magnetic sensor and actuator network system,as well as for various industrial applications.
