The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing...The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.展开更多
In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five repre...In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.展开更多
The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trac...The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder展开更多
A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic ...A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.展开更多
Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes...Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.展开更多
High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on ...High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck＇s wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project＇s requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.展开更多
MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices tak...MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,...Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.展开更多
A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without in...A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.展开更多
Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,pie...Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.展开更多
Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain...Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain illnesses necessitate prompt and accessible detection methods,wearable chemical sensors have garnered considerable interest for their capability to monitor health through physiological signals and chemical indicators.This review delivers a thorough examination of recent developments in four primary categories of wearable chemical sensors:biosensors,humidity sensors,gas sensors,and ion sensors.We explore the representative materials,device structures,operating mechanisms,and various application scenarios for each type of sensor.By investigating the latest innovations in these technologies,we aim to provide a detailed overview of the current research landscape,highlight existing challenges,and present potential future directions of wearable chemical sensors in healthcare monitoring.展开更多
Accurate blood pressure(BP)monitoring is essential for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease.Advancements in materials science,medicine,flexible electronic,and artificial intelligence(AI)have enabled cuffless...Accurate blood pressure(BP)monitoring is essential for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease.Advancements in materials science,medicine,flexible electronic,and artificial intelligence(AI)have enabled cuffless,unobtrusive BP monitoring systems,offering an alternative to traditional sphygmomanometers.However,extending these advances to real-world cardiovascular care particularly in resource-limited settings remains challenging due to constraints in computational resources,power efficiency,and deployment scalability.This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of AI-enhanced wearable BP monitoring,emphasizing its potential for personalized,scalable,and accessible healthcare.We systematically analyze the end-to-end system architecture,from mechano-electric sensing principles and AI-based estimation models to edge-aware deployment strategies tailored for low-resource environments.We further discuss clinical validation metrics and implementation barriers and prospective strategies.To bridge lab-to-field translation,we propose an innovative"sensor-model-deployment-assessment"co-design framework.This roadmap highlights how AI-enhanced BP technologies can support proactive hypertension control and promote cardiovascular health equity on a global scale.展开更多
Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that...Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.展开更多
The advancement of flexible memristors has significantly promoted the development of wearable electronic for emerging neuromorphic computing applications.Inspired by in-memory computing architecture of human brain,fle...The advancement of flexible memristors has significantly promoted the development of wearable electronic for emerging neuromorphic computing applications.Inspired by in-memory computing architecture of human brain,flexible memristors exhibit great application potential in emulating artificial synapses for highefficiency and low power consumption neuromorphic computing.This paper provides comprehensive overview of flexible memristors from perspectives of development history,material system,device structure,mechanical deformation method,device performance analysis,stress simulation during deformation,and neuromorphic computing applications.The recent advances in flexible electronics are summarized,including single device,device array and integration.The challenges and future perspectives of flexible memristor for neuromorphic computing are discussed deeply,paving the way for constructing wearable smart electronics and applications in large-scale neuromorphic computing and high-order intelligent robotics.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
This study presents a hybrid CNN-Transformer model for real-time recognition of affective tactile biosignals.The proposed framework combines convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to extract spatial and local temporal fea...This study presents a hybrid CNN-Transformer model for real-time recognition of affective tactile biosignals.The proposed framework combines convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to extract spatial and local temporal features with the Transformer encoder that captures long-range dependencies in time-series data through multi-head attention.Model performance was evaluated on two widely used tactile biosignal datasets,HAART and CoST,which contain diverse affective touch gestures recorded from pressure sensor arrays.TheCNN-Transformer model achieved recognition rates of 93.33%on HAART and 80.89%on CoST,outperforming existing methods on both benchmarks.By incorporating temporal windowing,the model enables instantaneous prediction,improving generalization across gestures of varying duration.These results highlight the effectiveness of deep learning for tactile biosignal processing and demonstrate the potential of theCNN-Transformer approach for future applications in wearable sensors,affective computing,and biomedical monitoring.展开更多
Stretchable electronics have been recognized as intriguing next-generation electronics that possess huge market value,and stretchable electronic conductors(SECs)are essential for stretchable electronics,which not only...Stretchable electronics have been recognized as intriguing next-generation electronics that possess huge market value,and stretchable electronic conductors(SECs)are essential for stretchable electronics,which not only can serve as critical functional components but also are the indispensable electronic connections bridging various electronic components within stretchable electronic systems.Herein,we offer a comprehensive review of recent progress in SECs including the material categories,structure designs,fabrication techniques,and applications.The characteristics,performance enhancement strategies,and application requirements are emphasized.Based on the recent advances,the existing challenges and future prospects are outlined and discussed.展开更多
Fiber photodetectors(FPDs)with high deformability,flexible designability,and seamless integrability with everyday textiles hold tremendous potential for the nextgeneration wearable optoelectronics.Inorganic semiconduc...Fiber photodetectors(FPDs)with high deformability,flexible designability,and seamless integrability with everyday textiles hold tremendous potential for the nextgeneration wearable optoelectronics.Inorganic semiconductors(ISCs)are considered the ideal building block to design and govern the functions of FPDs owing to their superior electrical and optical properties.Recent developments in wearable technology of ISCs,especially in fiber form factor,have driven the creation of various FPDs with smart capabilities,from light sensing,information interfacing,to sophisticated logic operating,revolutionizing human-machine interaction paradigms in many emerging fields.Herein,we present a comprehensive review of the recent progress of ISCbased FPDs.Firstly,key design principles for ISC-based FPDs are explored,encompassing material selection,fabrication technologies,device architectures,and textile integration strategies.Then,how defect engineering,alignment engineering,and heterojunction engineering of ISCs can control the optoelectronic performance of FPDs is examined.Following this,potential wearable applications of ISC-based FPDs in optical communication,image sensing,and health monitoring are analyzed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the design of high-performance ISC-based FPDs are outlined.展开更多
The development of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries.However,the fundamentally distinct mechanisms of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR/OER)hinde...The development of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries.However,the fundamentally distinct mechanisms of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR/OER)hinder the simultaneous realization of high activity within a single catalyst.Herein,we propose a spatial decoupling strategy to overcome this limitation by engineering isolated Fe singleatoms and Fe-Ir dual-atom pairs on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix(Fe/FeIr-NC).In this architecture,Fe single atoms serve as ORR centers,while Fe-Ir pairs with tunable spacing are tailored for OER,enabling complete functional separation and independent optimization of the reactions.As a result,the catalyst delivers an ORR half-wave potential of 0.91 V and an OER overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),yielding a record-low bifunctional gap(ΔE=0.57 V)that outperforms all reported single-and dual-atom catalysts.A flexible fiber zincair battery was developed based on this catalyst,delivering a peak power density of 3920 W kg^(-1),along with a 1.4-fold increase in energy efficiency and a 2.6-fold extension in cycle life compared to the commercial Pt/C+IrO_(2)benchmark.This work not only breaks the traditional activity trade-off in bifunctional catalysis but also offers a promising route toward high-performance power sources for wearable electronics.展开更多
文摘The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.
基金Innovation Team Building Program of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,China。
文摘In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.
文摘The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong, China(No.Z2000F02).
文摘A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.
基金Funding of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) (DD45001015)NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (Project N_City U123/15)+2 种基金the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20130401145617276 and R-IND4903)City University of Hong Kong (PJ7004645)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-BBA3) supported this work
文摘Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.
基金Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No 20090002110046)
文摘High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck＇s wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project＇s requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.
文摘MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(2023R1A2C3004336,RS-202300243807)&Regional Leading Research Center(RS-202400405278)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)。
文摘Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074072,22274083,52376199)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LZY005)+1 种基金the Exploration Project of the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and EcoTextiles of Qingdao University(TSKT202101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD13,2023BLRD01).
文摘A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.
基金the support from the start-up of the University of Missouri-Columbia。
文摘Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.
基金supported by the Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-035)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202306078)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011635)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MF108)the Jinan Central Hospital(1190022050)。
文摘Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain illnesses necessitate prompt and accessible detection methods,wearable chemical sensors have garnered considerable interest for their capability to monitor health through physiological signals and chemical indicators.This review delivers a thorough examination of recent developments in four primary categories of wearable chemical sensors:biosensors,humidity sensors,gas sensors,and ion sensors.We explore the representative materials,device structures,operating mechanisms,and various application scenarios for each type of sensor.By investigating the latest innovations in these technologies,we aim to provide a detailed overview of the current research landscape,highlight existing challenges,and present potential future directions of wearable chemical sensors in healthcare monitoring.
文摘Accurate blood pressure(BP)monitoring is essential for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease.Advancements in materials science,medicine,flexible electronic,and artificial intelligence(AI)have enabled cuffless,unobtrusive BP monitoring systems,offering an alternative to traditional sphygmomanometers.However,extending these advances to real-world cardiovascular care particularly in resource-limited settings remains challenging due to constraints in computational resources,power efficiency,and deployment scalability.This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of AI-enhanced wearable BP monitoring,emphasizing its potential for personalized,scalable,and accessible healthcare.We systematically analyze the end-to-end system architecture,from mechano-electric sensing principles and AI-based estimation models to edge-aware deployment strategies tailored for low-resource environments.We further discuss clinical validation metrics and implementation barriers and prospective strategies.To bridge lab-to-field translation,we propose an innovative"sensor-model-deployment-assessment"co-design framework.This roadmap highlights how AI-enhanced BP technologies can support proactive hypertension control and promote cardiovascular health equity on a global scale.
基金support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110388,2024A1515011707)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.2024A04J5195)Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(Nos.JCYJ20230807111120043).
文摘Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051)+5 种基金Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-K2024-12)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240424)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University.
文摘The advancement of flexible memristors has significantly promoted the development of wearable electronic for emerging neuromorphic computing applications.Inspired by in-memory computing architecture of human brain,flexible memristors exhibit great application potential in emulating artificial synapses for highefficiency and low power consumption neuromorphic computing.This paper provides comprehensive overview of flexible memristors from perspectives of development history,material system,device structure,mechanical deformation method,device performance analysis,stress simulation during deformation,and neuromorphic computing applications.The recent advances in flexible electronics are summarized,including single device,device array and integration.The challenges and future perspectives of flexible memristor for neuromorphic computing are discussed deeply,paving the way for constructing wearable smart electronics and applications in large-scale neuromorphic computing and high-order intelligent robotics.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
文摘This study presents a hybrid CNN-Transformer model for real-time recognition of affective tactile biosignals.The proposed framework combines convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to extract spatial and local temporal features with the Transformer encoder that captures long-range dependencies in time-series data through multi-head attention.Model performance was evaluated on two widely used tactile biosignal datasets,HAART and CoST,which contain diverse affective touch gestures recorded from pressure sensor arrays.TheCNN-Transformer model achieved recognition rates of 93.33%on HAART and 80.89%on CoST,outperforming existing methods on both benchmarks.By incorporating temporal windowing,the model enables instantaneous prediction,improving generalization across gestures of varying duration.These results highlight the effectiveness of deep learning for tactile biosignal processing and demonstrate the potential of theCNN-Transformer approach for future applications in wearable sensors,affective computing,and biomedical monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172170)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2023B1515020114)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(24lgqb003)Guangdong University Innovation and Enhancement Program(2024KTSCX003)Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou(2025A04J4230).
文摘Stretchable electronics have been recognized as intriguing next-generation electronics that possess huge market value,and stretchable electronic conductors(SECs)are essential for stretchable electronics,which not only can serve as critical functional components but also are the indispensable electronic connections bridging various electronic components within stretchable electronic systems.Herein,we offer a comprehensive review of recent progress in SECs including the material categories,structure designs,fabrication techniques,and applications.The characteristics,performance enhancement strategies,and application requirements are emphasized.Based on the recent advances,the existing challenges and future prospects are outlined and discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0210800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2069,22305088)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(JCZRQN202400929)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813153403005,JCYJ20220818102215033)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120041)Open Research Fund of Suzhou Laboratory(SZLAB-1508-2024-ZD013)Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Digitization(2023B1212060012)。
文摘Fiber photodetectors(FPDs)with high deformability,flexible designability,and seamless integrability with everyday textiles hold tremendous potential for the nextgeneration wearable optoelectronics.Inorganic semiconductors(ISCs)are considered the ideal building block to design and govern the functions of FPDs owing to their superior electrical and optical properties.Recent developments in wearable technology of ISCs,especially in fiber form factor,have driven the creation of various FPDs with smart capabilities,from light sensing,information interfacing,to sophisticated logic operating,revolutionizing human-machine interaction paradigms in many emerging fields.Herein,we present a comprehensive review of the recent progress of ISCbased FPDs.Firstly,key design principles for ISC-based FPDs are explored,encompassing material selection,fabrication technologies,device architectures,and textile integration strategies.Then,how defect engineering,alignment engineering,and heterojunction engineering of ISCs can control the optoelectronic performance of FPDs is examined.Following this,potential wearable applications of ISC-based FPDs in optical communication,image sensing,and health monitoring are analyzed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the design of high-performance ISC-based FPDs are outlined.
基金financially supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LMS25E030001)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(25212142-Y and 23212200-Y)。
文摘The development of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing zinc-air batteries.However,the fundamentally distinct mechanisms of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR/OER)hinder the simultaneous realization of high activity within a single catalyst.Herein,we propose a spatial decoupling strategy to overcome this limitation by engineering isolated Fe singleatoms and Fe-Ir dual-atom pairs on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix(Fe/FeIr-NC).In this architecture,Fe single atoms serve as ORR centers,while Fe-Ir pairs with tunable spacing are tailored for OER,enabling complete functional separation and independent optimization of the reactions.As a result,the catalyst delivers an ORR half-wave potential of 0.91 V and an OER overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),yielding a record-low bifunctional gap(ΔE=0.57 V)that outperforms all reported single-and dual-atom catalysts.A flexible fiber zincair battery was developed based on this catalyst,delivering a peak power density of 3920 W kg^(-1),along with a 1.4-fold increase in energy efficiency and a 2.6-fold extension in cycle life compared to the commercial Pt/C+IrO_(2)benchmark.This work not only breaks the traditional activity trade-off in bifunctional catalysis but also offers a promising route toward high-performance power sources for wearable electronics.
