The buffer zone of a World Natural Heritage Site constitutes a critical element of the heritage site protection system.It not only functions as an ecological security barrier,but also significantly influences the visu...The buffer zone of a World Natural Heritage Site constitutes a critical element of the heritage site protection system.It not only functions as an ecological security barrier,but also significantly influences the visual integrity and aesthetic value of the core area’s landscape.Given the rapid development of transportation infrastructure,particularly the growing number of high-speed railways traversing ecologically sensitive regions,the scientific assessment of their impact on the landscape environment of heritage sites has emerged as a pivotal concern in heritage conservation and regional development.This study focused on the section of the Guiyang-Nanning High-Speed Railway that traverses the buffer zone of the Libo World Natural Heritage Site in Guizhou Province.Beginning with five primary indicators,including natural landscape and aesthetic value,geological geomorphology and Earth history value,biodiversity value,integrity and protection management,and impact on ecological environment,a visual landscape impact assessment system for high-speed railways was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method(FCE).Through expert scoring,hierarchical weight calculation,and fuzzy membership degree analysis,a comprehensive assessment was conducted on the landscape ecological quality,visual coordination,and aesthetic perception within the buffer zone following the construction of high-speed railways.The findings indicate that the construction of the Guiyang-Nanning High-Speed Railway generally harmonizes well with the landscape environment of the heritage site.The level of visual disturbance remains within an acceptable range and has not significantly damaged the overall aesthetic value or authenticity of the heritage site.Although the integrity of the landscape in certain local areas has experienced a slight decline due to the exposure of bridge and slope structures,the adverse effects have been effectively mitigated through engineering interventions such as vegetation restoration and color coordination.This study innovatively integrates the AHP with fuzzy mathematics methods to achieve a comprehensive evaluation that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.This integration provides a scientifically grounded analytical path and a practical technical framework for assessing the visual impact of linear infrastructure projects,such as high-speed railways,within the buffer zones of World Heritage Sites.The findings offer valuable insights for the protection of landscapes and the sustainable development of infrastructure in heritage sites.展开更多
The combined effect of periodic water impoundment and seasonal natural flood events has created a 30 m high water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) around the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), China, forming a unique eco-landsc...The combined effect of periodic water impoundment and seasonal natural flood events has created a 30 m high water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) around the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), China, forming a unique eco-landscape. Siltation, eutrophication, enrichment of heavy metals, and methane emissions in the WLFZ have been widely associated with sediment and soil particles generated from the upstream catchment or upland slopes. However, little attention has been paid to the complexity of sediment particle-size distributions in the WLFZ. In the present study, core samples(from a 345 cm thick sediment core from the base of the WLFZ), slope transect surface samples(across/up a WLFZ slope), and along-river/longitudinal surface samples(from the reservoir reaches) were collected. Laser granulometry and a volume-based fractal model were used to reveal the characteristics of sediment particle-size distributions. Results indicate that the alternation of coarse and fine particles in the sedimentary core profile is represented as a fluctuation of low and high values of fractal dimension(D), ranging from 2.59 to 2.77. On the WLFZ slope transect, surface sediment particles coarsen with increasing elevation, sand content increases from 3.3% to 78.5%, and D decreases from 2.76 to 2.53. Longitudinally, surface sediments demonstrate a downstream-fining trend, and D increases gradually downstream. D is significantly positively correlated with the fine particle content. We conclude that D is a useful measure for evaluating sediment particle-size distribution.展开更多
This study investigated the linkages between river water quality and land use in river catchments in Yama- guchi Prefecture, the western Japan, in order to examine the effect of land use changes of both entire catchme...This study investigated the linkages between river water quality and land use in river catchments in Yama- guchi Prefecture, the western Japan, in order to examine the effect of land use changes of both entire catchment and buffer zone on river water quality. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids (SS), Escherichia coli, Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) were considered as river water quality indica- tors. Satellite images were applied to generating the land use map. Multiple regression model was applied to linking the changes in the river water quality with the land uses in both entire catchment area and buffer zone. The results in- dicate that the integrative application of land use data from the entire catchment and the buffer zone could give rise to more robust model to predict the concentrations of Suspended Solids (r2=0.88) and Total Nitrogen (r2=0.90), rather than models which separately considered land use data in catchment and buffer zone.展开更多
Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption....Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.展开更多
The water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury(Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root system...The water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury(Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury(Me Hg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb(bermudagrass) on Me Hg production. The elevated Hg and Me Hg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving Me Hg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgc A-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical ironreducing bacterium( Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgc A genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated Me Hg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.展开更多
The structural diversity of different tree-crop associations were studied at Gachabari Sal forest area of Madhupur Garh on Buffer and Peripheral Zone during 2006. The total density, basal area of trees in the Buffer a...The structural diversity of different tree-crop associations were studied at Gachabari Sal forest area of Madhupur Garh on Buffer and Peripheral Zone during 2006. The total density, basal area of trees in the Buffer and Peripheral Zone were 155.5 trees·hm^(-2), 795.4 trees·hm^(-2) and 3.9 m2·hm-2, 5.8 m^2·hm^(-2), respectively. No regeneration and natural trees were found in Peripheral Zone and the Zone is totally occupied by exotic species where the Buffer Zone comprised of both natural and exotic trees. The Peripheral Zone belonged to younger and smaller trees whereas the Buffer Zone belonged to mixture of smaller, taller, younger and mature trees simultaneously. For the practicing of different agroforestry systems both Zones have lost their original characters of Sal forest.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes. （1） The spelling of the [A. Nishad＇] name was incorrect. The corrected spelling is given below.
Natural forest ecosystems play an essential role in the conservation of biodiversity of many plants and animals by providing them with habitat and suitable environments. Studies have shown that biodiversity-protected ...Natural forest ecosystems play an essential role in the conservation of biodiversity of many plants and animals by providing them with habitat and suitable environments. Studies have shown that biodiversity-protected areas reduce the loss and degradation of natural habitats to various wild species of plants. This study examined the forest resources in five subzones by conducting tree/shrub species inventory to be able to develop an effective forest management plan for the Buffer Zone Forest Reserve for the sustainable conservation of flora and fauna of Nimule National Park. This is with the view to identify the main tree and shrub species;assess the composition, distribution, and abundance of various tree/shrub species;to determine the species diversity as well as the richness of these areas in terms of growth and performance where DBH and heights of trees/shrubs in the circular sample plots were measured. The results revealed the overall mean DBH and H of 13.83 cm and 6.61 m respectively. The highest number of trees was obtained in subzone B followed by D, while the least were found in subzone A. The overall mean tree/shrub density was 0.83 tons/ha. The mean total basal area and volume per hectare were 3252.74 m<sup>2</sup>/ha and 46,540.82 m<sup>3</sup>/ha respectively. The overall species abundance and distribution indicate Combretum spp, Cedrella spp., Grewia mollis, Acacia Sieberiana, Ziziphus abysinica, and Acacia seyal were the most dominant species, with over 12 species richness at the deposition side of the River Nile, 13 species at the western side of the Nile, the Administration site shows only 7 species, the lowland of Mt. Gordon show over 14 different species, whereas over 10 species were found on the top of Mt. Gordon. The overall mean diversity indices and evenness of H’, D, and E depicted 2.507, 0.871, and 0.840 respectively. These results yielded are relatively moderate. Therefore, conservation efforts are very necessary to improve and maintain the quality of vegetation cover.展开更多
Mono-, di-, tri-ethanolamines and di-, tri-ethylamines were used to prepare phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 and shown to be capable of enhancing the separation selectivity of chiral drug pinacidil and melittin in bee venom...Mono-, di-, tri-ethanolamines and di-, tri-ethylamines were used to prepare phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 and shown to be capable of enhancing the separation selectivity of chiral drug pinacidil and melittin in bee venom in capillary zone electrophoresis. The reason is due to the reduction of the average apparent mobilities of the analytes.展开更多
The migration of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC) from terrestrial to aquatic environments has important impacts on the adjacent water quality and the transport of organic and inorganic contaminants.However,few stud...The migration of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC) from terrestrial to aquatic environments has important impacts on the adjacent water quality and the transport of organic and inorganic contaminants.However,few studies have investigated the sources and properties of DOC in riparian zones.A total of 34 soil samples were collected across four riparian buffer zones(Zones A-D) on Chongming Island,China.The vertical distributions of soil organic carbon(SOC) and DOC,fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) spectra of DOC and the optical indices,including fluorescence index(FI),index of recent autochthonous contribution(BIX),and humification index(HIX),were measured across the riparian environment to investigate the sources and fluorescence properties of DOC.The results showed that SOC stored in the surface soil(0-30 cm) accounted for 40%of the total soil profile SOC.The DOC accumulated in Zones A-C,which accounted for 5%of the SOC.The fluorescence EEM spectra of DOC showed that DOC contained humic-like and protein-like substances,which were mainly derived from recent plant debris by microbes.A large amount of humic-like substances were sorbed to minerals in the surface soil(0-30 cm).In addition,the riparian topography and soil physico-chemical properties(pH,EC and moisture) dictated the transformation and transport of DOC.The results suggested that EEMs could reveal the source of DOC in riparian soil systems,and that optical indices were complementary tools that revealed the characteristics of soil DOC and provided supplemental evidence about DOC sources.展开更多
Due to federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to clean water and salmon recovery, stream health and water quality are major concerns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. An integral component of mo...Due to federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to clean water and salmon recovery, stream health and water quality are major concerns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. An integral component of most riparian rehabilitation efforts is the effective establishment of preferred vegetation. We conducted arthropod surveys in representative disturbed and rehabilitated riparian buffers directly adjacent to apple orchards and grape vineyards in the Lower Yakima Valley near Prosser, Benton County, Washington State USA. Objectives of the study were to determine whether densities of select predatory and pest taxa changed with distance from the waterway and to test whether densities differed among disturbed, rehabilitated, or pristine riparian buffers. The studies suggest that populations of some beneficial arthropods, including spiders and ground beetles, were higher in the presence of exotic flowering plant species. In the riparian environments surveyed, more native woody plant species were found adjacent to the waterway, and this apparent stability appears to have had a positive effect on beneficial arthropods. Concurrently, data indicated that some exotic, flowering species of plants may be preferred over native plant species as hosts to certain arthropod pests. These plants tend to persist in degraded riparian buffers and at the interface of riparian habitats and cultivated areas, whereas native plant species are predominant in pristine or properly maintained and rehabilitated buffers.展开更多
Although the importance of forest margins in ecology is recognized, no study has been carried out in the Slătioara Secular Forest Reserve with reference to the variability of abiotic parameters along forest margins. W...Although the importance of forest margins in ecology is recognized, no study has been carried out in the Slătioara Secular Forest Reserve with reference to the variability of abiotic parameters along forest margins. With this study, we investigate to what extent microclimatic variables (air temperature—T_air, air humidity—H_air, soil temperature—T_soil, soil humidity—H_soil wind intensity (WIND) and photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR)) are correlated with the distance from the edge to the forest interior and the habitat type (forest interior, inner and outer edge and meadow) in the Slătioara Secular Forest Reserve. In order to measure these microenvironment variables we used the strip transect method, positioned perpendicular to the forest edge. Differences in the microenvironment variables considered in the analysis between the four habitat types were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-test post-hoc. To assess differences along transects, each of the six measurements went through a one-way ANOVA against distance to edge, followed by a Levene’s test for variances and finally a Tukey-test post-hoc. The results indicate that the values of microclimatic variables were significantly different in relation to the gradient of distance from the edge and to the habitat type (interior-exterior forest) and that edge habitats are significantly more susceptible to lower humidity, high winds, lower light and higher air temperatures than forest interior habitats. The ecological study of the edge areas in this reserve provides the basis for future research on forest dynamics and can guide conservation efforts to maintain the diversity and endemism of species in the Slătioara Secular Forest.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program“A Study on the Conservation Model with Technology and Sustainable Development Demonstration of the World Natural Heritages in Guizhou”(2202023 QKHZC)the China Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(China 111 Project)(D17016).
文摘The buffer zone of a World Natural Heritage Site constitutes a critical element of the heritage site protection system.It not only functions as an ecological security barrier,but also significantly influences the visual integrity and aesthetic value of the core area’s landscape.Given the rapid development of transportation infrastructure,particularly the growing number of high-speed railways traversing ecologically sensitive regions,the scientific assessment of their impact on the landscape environment of heritage sites has emerged as a pivotal concern in heritage conservation and regional development.This study focused on the section of the Guiyang-Nanning High-Speed Railway that traverses the buffer zone of the Libo World Natural Heritage Site in Guizhou Province.Beginning with five primary indicators,including natural landscape and aesthetic value,geological geomorphology and Earth history value,biodiversity value,integrity and protection management,and impact on ecological environment,a visual landscape impact assessment system for high-speed railways was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method(FCE).Through expert scoring,hierarchical weight calculation,and fuzzy membership degree analysis,a comprehensive assessment was conducted on the landscape ecological quality,visual coordination,and aesthetic perception within the buffer zone following the construction of high-speed railways.The findings indicate that the construction of the Guiyang-Nanning High-Speed Railway generally harmonizes well with the landscape environment of the heritage site.The level of visual disturbance remains within an acceptable range and has not significantly damaged the overall aesthetic value or authenticity of the heritage site.Although the integrity of the landscape in certain local areas has experienced a slight decline due to the exposure of bridge and slope structures,the adverse effects have been effectively mitigated through engineering interventions such as vegetation restoration and color coordination.This study innovatively integrates the AHP with fuzzy mathematics methods to achieve a comprehensive evaluation that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.This integration provides a scientifically grounded analytical path and a practical technical framework for assessing the visual impact of linear infrastructure projects,such as high-speed railways,within the buffer zones of World Heritage Sites.The findings offer valuable insights for the protection of landscapes and the sustainable development of infrastructure in heritage sites.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41771320, 41771321, and 41571278)the Opening Project of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Grant no. DBGC201801)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant no. 2018SZ0132)
文摘The combined effect of periodic water impoundment and seasonal natural flood events has created a 30 m high water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) around the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), China, forming a unique eco-landscape. Siltation, eutrophication, enrichment of heavy metals, and methane emissions in the WLFZ have been widely associated with sediment and soil particles generated from the upstream catchment or upland slopes. However, little attention has been paid to the complexity of sediment particle-size distributions in the WLFZ. In the present study, core samples(from a 345 cm thick sediment core from the base of the WLFZ), slope transect surface samples(across/up a WLFZ slope), and along-river/longitudinal surface samples(from the reservoir reaches) were collected. Laser granulometry and a volume-based fractal model were used to reveal the characteristics of sediment particle-size distributions. Results indicate that the alternation of coarse and fine particles in the sedimentary core profile is represented as a fluctuation of low and high values of fractal dimension(D), ranging from 2.59 to 2.77. On the WLFZ slope transect, surface sediment particles coarsen with increasing elevation, sand content increases from 3.3% to 78.5%, and D decreases from 2.76 to 2.53. Longitudinally, surface sediments demonstrate a downstream-fining trend, and D increases gradually downstream. D is significantly positively correlated with the fine particle content. We conclude that D is a useful measure for evaluating sediment particle-size distribution.
文摘This study investigated the linkages between river water quality and land use in river catchments in Yama- guchi Prefecture, the western Japan, in order to examine the effect of land use changes of both entire catchment and buffer zone on river water quality. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids (SS), Escherichia coli, Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) were considered as river water quality indica- tors. Satellite images were applied to generating the land use map. Multiple regression model was applied to linking the changes in the river water quality with the land uses in both entire catchment area and buffer zone. The results in- dicate that the integrative application of land use data from the entire catchment and the buffer zone could give rise to more robust model to predict the concentrations of Suspended Solids (r2=0.88) and Total Nitrogen (r2=0.90), rather than models which separately considered land use data in catchment and buffer zone.
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51138004)the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2012BAJ10B02)
文摘Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41877384 )the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. XDJK2017B035 )Chongqing Graduate Scientific Research Innovation Project (No. CYS21112 ) for its support。
文摘The water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury(Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury(Me Hg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb(bermudagrass) on Me Hg production. The elevated Hg and Me Hg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving Me Hg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgc A-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical ironreducing bacterium( Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgc A genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated Me Hg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.
文摘The structural diversity of different tree-crop associations were studied at Gachabari Sal forest area of Madhupur Garh on Buffer and Peripheral Zone during 2006. The total density, basal area of trees in the Buffer and Peripheral Zone were 155.5 trees·hm^(-2), 795.4 trees·hm^(-2) and 3.9 m2·hm-2, 5.8 m^2·hm^(-2), respectively. No regeneration and natural trees were found in Peripheral Zone and the Zone is totally occupied by exotic species where the Buffer Zone comprised of both natural and exotic trees. The Peripheral Zone belonged to younger and smaller trees whereas the Buffer Zone belonged to mixture of smaller, taller, younger and mature trees simultaneously. For the practicing of different agroforestry systems both Zones have lost their original characters of Sal forest.
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes. （1） The spelling of the [A. Nishad＇] name was incorrect. The corrected spelling is given below.
文摘Natural forest ecosystems play an essential role in the conservation of biodiversity of many plants and animals by providing them with habitat and suitable environments. Studies have shown that biodiversity-protected areas reduce the loss and degradation of natural habitats to various wild species of plants. This study examined the forest resources in five subzones by conducting tree/shrub species inventory to be able to develop an effective forest management plan for the Buffer Zone Forest Reserve for the sustainable conservation of flora and fauna of Nimule National Park. This is with the view to identify the main tree and shrub species;assess the composition, distribution, and abundance of various tree/shrub species;to determine the species diversity as well as the richness of these areas in terms of growth and performance where DBH and heights of trees/shrubs in the circular sample plots were measured. The results revealed the overall mean DBH and H of 13.83 cm and 6.61 m respectively. The highest number of trees was obtained in subzone B followed by D, while the least were found in subzone A. The overall mean tree/shrub density was 0.83 tons/ha. The mean total basal area and volume per hectare were 3252.74 m<sup>2</sup>/ha and 46,540.82 m<sup>3</sup>/ha respectively. The overall species abundance and distribution indicate Combretum spp, Cedrella spp., Grewia mollis, Acacia Sieberiana, Ziziphus abysinica, and Acacia seyal were the most dominant species, with over 12 species richness at the deposition side of the River Nile, 13 species at the western side of the Nile, the Administration site shows only 7 species, the lowland of Mt. Gordon show over 14 different species, whereas over 10 species were found on the top of Mt. Gordon. The overall mean diversity indices and evenness of H’, D, and E depicted 2.507, 0.871, and 0.840 respectively. These results yielded are relatively moderate. Therefore, conservation efforts are very necessary to improve and maintain the quality of vegetation cover.
文摘Mono-, di-, tri-ethanolamines and di-, tri-ethylamines were used to prepare phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 and shown to be capable of enhancing the separation selectivity of chiral drug pinacidil and melittin in bee venom in capillary zone electrophoresis. The reason is due to the reduction of the average apparent mobilities of the analytes.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China(Nos.2011ZX07303-001 and 2014ZX07303-003)the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y412201426)
文摘The migration of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC) from terrestrial to aquatic environments has important impacts on the adjacent water quality and the transport of organic and inorganic contaminants.However,few studies have investigated the sources and properties of DOC in riparian zones.A total of 34 soil samples were collected across four riparian buffer zones(Zones A-D) on Chongming Island,China.The vertical distributions of soil organic carbon(SOC) and DOC,fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) spectra of DOC and the optical indices,including fluorescence index(FI),index of recent autochthonous contribution(BIX),and humification index(HIX),were measured across the riparian environment to investigate the sources and fluorescence properties of DOC.The results showed that SOC stored in the surface soil(0-30 cm) accounted for 40%of the total soil profile SOC.The DOC accumulated in Zones A-C,which accounted for 5%of the SOC.The fluorescence EEM spectra of DOC showed that DOC contained humic-like and protein-like substances,which were mainly derived from recent plant debris by microbes.A large amount of humic-like substances were sorbed to minerals in the surface soil(0-30 cm).In addition,the riparian topography and soil physico-chemical properties(pH,EC and moisture) dictated the transformation and transport of DOC.The results suggested that EEMs could reveal the source of DOC in riparian soil systems,and that optical indices were complementary tools that revealed the characteristics of soil DOC and provided supplemental evidence about DOC sources.
基金The authors would like thank S. Schveilbein and R. Wight for technical assistance G. Reisenauer and R. Aldridge for statistical assistance+2 种基金 B. Parker for plant identification assistance C. Looney for arthropod identification assistance and S. O＇Neal for editorial feedback. The authors are grateful to Olson Brothers Inc. for the use of their property. The authors would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation Center for Integrated Pest Management, The Washington State Tree Fruit Research Commission, and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration for financial support.
文摘Due to federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to clean water and salmon recovery, stream health and water quality are major concerns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. An integral component of most riparian rehabilitation efforts is the effective establishment of preferred vegetation. We conducted arthropod surveys in representative disturbed and rehabilitated riparian buffers directly adjacent to apple orchards and grape vineyards in the Lower Yakima Valley near Prosser, Benton County, Washington State USA. Objectives of the study were to determine whether densities of select predatory and pest taxa changed with distance from the waterway and to test whether densities differed among disturbed, rehabilitated, or pristine riparian buffers. The studies suggest that populations of some beneficial arthropods, including spiders and ground beetles, were higher in the presence of exotic flowering plant species. In the riparian environments surveyed, more native woody plant species were found adjacent to the waterway, and this apparent stability appears to have had a positive effect on beneficial arthropods. Concurrently, data indicated that some exotic, flowering species of plants may be preferred over native plant species as hosts to certain arthropod pests. These plants tend to persist in degraded riparian buffers and at the interface of riparian habitats and cultivated areas, whereas native plant species are predominant in pristine or properly maintained and rehabilitated buffers.
文摘Although the importance of forest margins in ecology is recognized, no study has been carried out in the Slătioara Secular Forest Reserve with reference to the variability of abiotic parameters along forest margins. With this study, we investigate to what extent microclimatic variables (air temperature—T_air, air humidity—H_air, soil temperature—T_soil, soil humidity—H_soil wind intensity (WIND) and photosynthetically active radiation intensity (PAR)) are correlated with the distance from the edge to the forest interior and the habitat type (forest interior, inner and outer edge and meadow) in the Slătioara Secular Forest Reserve. In order to measure these microenvironment variables we used the strip transect method, positioned perpendicular to the forest edge. Differences in the microenvironment variables considered in the analysis between the four habitat types were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-test post-hoc. To assess differences along transects, each of the six measurements went through a one-way ANOVA against distance to edge, followed by a Levene’s test for variances and finally a Tukey-test post-hoc. The results indicate that the values of microclimatic variables were significantly different in relation to the gradient of distance from the edge and to the habitat type (interior-exterior forest) and that edge habitats are significantly more susceptible to lower humidity, high winds, lower light and higher air temperatures than forest interior habitats. The ecological study of the edge areas in this reserve provides the basis for future research on forest dynamics and can guide conservation efforts to maintain the diversity and endemism of species in the Slătioara Secular Forest.
